听力教程4unit1听力原文 主编施心远.docx

听力教程4unit1听力原文 主编施心远.docx

《听力教程4unit1听力原文 主编施心远.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《听力教程4unit1听力原文 主编施心远.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

听力教程4unit1听力原文主编施心远

Unit1

SectionOneTacticsforListening

ListeningandTranslation

1.AcollegeeducationcanbeverycostlyintheUnitedStates.

在美国，大学教育的费用会很贵。

2.Risingcostshaveledmoreandmorefamiliestoborrowmoneytohelppayforcollege.

费用的上涨使越来越多的美国家庭通过借钱来支付上大学的费用。

3.Therearedifferentfederalloansandprivateloansforstudents.

有各种各样的联邦贷款和私人贷款可供学生挑选。

4.InterestratesonsomeoftheseloanswillgouponJuly1st.

在这些贷款品种中，有些品种的利率将从7月1日起上调。

5.Therearegrowingconcernsthatmanystudentsgraduatewithtoomuchdebt.

人们越来越担心，很多学生将背着沉重的债务从大学毕业。

SectiontwoListeningComprehension

Part1Dialogue-SocialGrouping

Interviewer:

Right.You'retalkingaboutsocialgroupingshere.Couldyoutellussomethingaboutthewaysanimalsformintogroups?

NikeDown:

Yes.Er,many,manyanimalsareverysolitary*animals.Theonlytimestheygettogetheriswhentheymate,orwhenthey'rebringinguptheiryoung.Themajorityofanimalsaresolitary,butaverysignificantgroupofmammalsandinsects,likeantsandtermites*,beesandwasps,areverysocialandtheygrouptogetherbecauseinagroupit'smuchsafer.Youcandefendyourselfmoreeasilyifyou'reinagroup,youcanfindmalesmoreeasilyifyou'reinagroup,andyoucanchangetheworldaroundyoubyworkingwiththeothersifyouliveinagroup.Solitaryanimalshaveamuchmoredifficulttimeinmanyways.

Interviewer:

Youmentionedlionsandothercarnivores*earlieron.Dotheygroupverymuch?

NikeDown:

Yes.Mostcatsinfactdon'tgroup.Er,lionsand,toalesserextent,cheetahs*aretheonlycatsthatgrouptogether.Agroupoflionsiscalledapride*,andyoumightgetanythingupto15or20lionsinapride.Aprideoflionswouldhaveperhapstwoorthreemales,perhapsadozenfemales,andthenthecubs.Buttherealliongroupconsistsoffemaleswiththeircubs.Themalestendtostayforafewyearsandthentheygetkickedoutbyagroupofyoungermalesthatcomeinandtakeover.

Interviewer:

Andhowabouttheapes?

NikeDown:

Ah,well,nowyou'retalkingaboutthegroupofanimalsthatwebelongto.Apes—someapes—liveinvery,verybigandcomplicatedsocialgroups.Notall.Orangutans*,forexample,bigapesthatliveinIndonesiaandMalaysia—they'reverysolitaryandoneadultmaymeetanotheradultonlyonceeverytwoorthreeyears,whenamaleandafemalemate,andthen,theonlyrelationshipwillbebetweenamotherandherbaby.Thebabywillstaywiththemotherfortwoorthreeyears,fouryears,fiveyearseven,learningfromthemother,learningwhatsortsoffoodstoeat,whatthesignsofdangerare,andthenwhenthebabygrowsup,offit'llgo,andliveitsownsolitarylife.Thereasonwhyorangutansaresolitaryisbecausethere'snotverymuchfoodinaforestandiftherewasabiggroupoforangutans,allthefoodwouldjustrunout.But,leavingAsiaandgoingtoAfrica,thenyoufindverysocialapes.Now,gorillas,forexample.Gorillasliveinunimale*groups.Theyusedtobecalledharems*,butthetechnicaltermisunimalebecausethere'sonemalewithinthegroup;onemale,andthenaroundhimwillbeanythinguptosix,seven,eight,ninefemales,plusallthebabies.Andthatonemaleinthegroupisthesilverbackgorilla,andhe'smuchbiggerandstrongerthantheothers.He'sgotsilveryfuronhisbackandtheotherswon'tchallengehimandhe'llleadthegroupslowlythroughtheforest,settlingdowneverynightandmovingonthenextday,findingfood.Sothat'saunimalegroup.ButifyoumovealittlebitfurtherwestintoWestAfrica,you'llstarttocomeacrosschimpanzees.Nowthey'reabitsmallerthangorillas.Theyspendalotoftimeinthetrees,whereasgorillasaredownontheground.Andchimpanzeesaremuchmorecloselyrelatedtousthantheyaretogorillas.They'reourclosestlivingrelatives.Nowchimps*liveinmultimalegroups;inotherwords,you'llget,oh,anythinguptosix,seven,eightmales,thenyou'llgettwoorthreetimesthatnumberoffemales—adozen,twodozenfemales—plusalltheyoungsters,sowe'retalkingaboutgroupsthatcanbeasbigas40or50oreven60.Nowachimpanzeegroup—multimalegroup—isaveryflexibletypeofgroup.Itconstantlysplitsintosmallergroups.Offtheygoforafewdays,backtheycome,reform,breakupagain.Andwithinthatgroupthemalestendtohangaroundtheoutside,protectingthegroup,fightingoffrivalmalesthatmightwanttocomeinandmatewiththefemales,buttheytendtocomeandgotosomeextent.Theongoingcoreofthechimpanzeegroupconsistsoffemaleswiththeiryoungandsometimessisterswillactuallyworktogethertobringuptheiryoungcollectively.Yes,soapesarevery,verysocialanimalsindeed.

Exercise

Directions:

Listentothedialogueandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.

l.A2.C3.D4.C5.B6.C7.B8.A

Part2PassageCommunityColleges

GreatchallengesfacedtheUnitedStatesintheearly20thcentury,includingglobaleconomiccompetition.Nationalandlocalleadersrealizedthatamoreskilledworkforcewaskeytothecountry'scontinuedeconomicstrength,aneedthatcalledforadramaticincreaseincollegeattendance.Yetthree-quartersofhighschoolgraduateswerechoosingnottofurthertheireducation,inpartbecausetheywerereluctanttoleavehomeforadistantcollege.

Duringthesameperiod,thecountry'srapidlygrowingpublichighschoolswereseekingnewwaystoservetheircommunities.Itwascommonforthemtoaddateacherinstitute,manuallearning（vocationaleducation）divisionorcitizenshipschooltothediplomaprogram.Thehighschool-basedcommunitycollege*wasthemostsuccessfultypeofaddition.Meanwhile,small,privatecollegeshadfashionedaneffectivemodelofhighereducationgroundedontheprinciplesofsmallclasses,closestudent-facultyrelationsandaprogramthatincludedbothacademicsandextracurricularactivities.

Fromthecombinationofthesetraditionsemergedtheearliestcommunitycolleges,roughlybalancedinnumberbetweenprivateandpubliccontrolbutunitedintheircommitmenttomeetlocalneeds.Thetypicalearlycommunitycollegewassmall,rarelyenrollingmorethan150students.Itneverthelessofferedaprogramofsolidacademicsaswellasavarietyofstudentactivities.

Adistinctivefeatureoftheinstitutionswastheiraccessibilitytowomen,attributabletotheleadingrolethecollegesplayedinpreparinggrammarschoolteachers.InsuchstatesasMissouri,whichdidnotyetrequireK-8*teacherstohaveabachelor'sdegree,itwascommonformorethan60percentofcommunitycollegestudentstobewomen,virtuallyallofthempreparingtobeteachers.

Communitycollegesarecentersofeducationalopportunity.Morethan100yearsago,thisunique,Americaninventionputpubliclyfundedhighereducationatclose-to-homefacilitiesandinitiated*apracticeofwelcomingallwhodesiretolearn,regardlessofwealth,heritageorpreviousacademicexperience.Today,thecommunitycollegecontinuestheprocessofmakinghighereducationavailabletoamaximumnumberofpeopleat1,166publicandindependentcommunitycolleges.

Thebreadthofprogrammingandthevarietyofstudents'goalsmakeitdifficulttoaccuratelyquantify*communitycollegeperformance.Unlikefour-yearcolleges,whereattainmentofabachelor'sdegreeistheimplicit*goalofstudents,communitycollegestudentsdonotshareacommongoalbeyondself-improvement.

Researchshowsthateducationpays.Studentswhocompleteassociatedegrees*andcertificatesaremorelikelytomoveintohigher-statusmanagementandprofessionalpositionswithhigherearnings.Aninvestmentofafewthousanddollarsnowwilllikelypaylifelongdividends*,asstudentswhoearnassociatedegreesaveragelifetimeearningsof$250,000morethanpeoplewithoutdegrees.

Butsuccessatcommunitycollegesmustbebroadlydefinedtoincludenotjustthosewhoattainassociatedegreesandthosewhoearncertificates,butalsothemillionswhotakenoncreditandworkforcetrainingclasses.

ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestion

IntheUnitedStatestheterms"college"and"university"candescribeavarietyofinstitutions.Acollegemayformonemajordivisionofauniversity,offeringprogramsinaspecificacademicfieldthatleadtoundergraduateorgraduatedegrees,orboth.Collegesmayalsobeindependentofauniversity,offeringfour-yearprogramsofgeneraleducationthatleadtoabachelor'sdegreeintheliberalartsandsciences.Universitiesgenerallycomprisevariouscollegesandprofessionalschoolsthatmakeuptheacademicdivisionsoftheinstitution.Universitiesprovidehighereducationleadingtoabachelor’sdegreeaswellasprofessionalandgraduateprogramsleadingtomaster'sanddoctoraldegrees.

Communitycollegesoffertwo-yearprogramsofgeneraleducationorvocationaleducation.

ExerciseBSentenceDictation

Directions:

Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.

1.GreatchallengesfacedtheUnitesStatesintheearly20thcentury,includingglobaleconomiccompetition.

2.Duringthesameperiod,thecountry'srapidlygrowingpublichighschoolswereseekingnewwaystoservetheircommunities.

3.Itofferedaprogramofsolidacademicsaswellasavarietyofstudentactivities.

4.Adistinctivefeatureoftheinstitutionswastheiraccessibilitytowomen,attributabletotheleadingrolethecollegesplayedinpreparinggrammarschoolteachers.

5.Thebreadthofprogrammingandthevarietyofstudents'goalsmakeitdifficulttoaccuratelyquantifycommunitycollegeperformance.

ExerciseCDetailedListening

Directions:

Listentothepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowings