高三英语复习特殊句式.docx
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高三英语复习特殊句式
特殊句式比较杂乱,掌握起来有一定的难度。
其中倒装句是高考的热点,强调句是高考的难点。
同时,祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。
近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象,如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句,把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起,考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。
1.(2013·福建,34)Notuntilhewentthroughrealhardship________thelovewehaveforourfamiliesisimportant.
A.hadherealizedB.didherealize
C.herealizedD.hehadrealized
2.(2013·湖南,35)Notonce________toMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.
A.occurreditB.itdidoccur
C.itoccurredD.diditoccur
3.(2013·江苏,27)“Neverforasecond,”theboysays,“________thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”
A.IdoubtedB.doIdoubt
C.IhavedoubtedD.didIdoubt
4.(2013·江西,25)Onlywhenheapologizesforhisrudeness________tohimagain.
A.IwillspeakB.willIspeak
C.doIspeakD.Ispeak
5.(2013·辽宁,26)Atnotime________therulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.
A.theyactuallybrokeB.dotheyactuallybreak
C.didtheyactuallybreakD.theyhadactuallybroken
6.(2013·新课标Ⅱ,12)Onlybyincreasingthenumberofdoctorsby50percent________properlyinthishospital.
A.canbethepatients
B.canthepatientsbetreated
C.thepatientscanbetreated
D.treatedcanbethepatients
7.(2013·天津,11)Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletter________shementionedherownplan.
A.thatB.whereC.whyD.when
8.(2013·新课标Ⅱ,10)Itwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapers________Mr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete.
A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what
9.(2013·重庆,27)Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguide________themountainclimberwasrescued.
A.whoB.thatC.whenD.how
10.(2013·湖南,30)Everyday________aproverbaloudseveraltimesuntilyouhaveitmemorized.
A.readB.readingC.toreadD.reads
考点1、倒装句
【例1】Neverbefore________seenanybodywhocanplaytennisaswellasRobert.
A.hadsheB.shehadC.hassheD.shehas
【例2】OnlyafterMaryreadhercompositionthesecondtime________thespellingmistake.
A.didshenoticeB.shenoticed
C.doesshenoticeD.shehasnoticed
【例3】Foramomentnothinghappened.Then________allshoutingtogether.
A.voiceshadcomeB.camevoices
C.voiceswouldcomeD.didvoicescome
答案 B
【变式探究】
1.—It'snice.Neverbefore________suchaspecialdrink!
—I'mgladyoulikeit.
A.IhavehadB.Ihad
C.haveIhadD.hadI
2.Notuntilhelefthishome________toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.
A.didhebeginB.hadhebegun
C.hebeganD.hehadbegun
3.Little________aboutherownsafety,thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.
A.didRosecareB.Rosedidcare
C.RosedoescareD.doesRosecare
【归纳总结】
完全倒装与部分倒装
(1)完全倒装:
当状语here,there,down,up,now,out,off等方位副词或介词短语intheroom,ontheway等置于句首时,句子全部倒装,但当主语是代词时,主谓不倒装。
(2)部分倒装:
①only修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句,且放在句首时;
②否定词、半否定词never,nor,neither,hardly,seldom,little等置于句首时;
③so/nor/neither+助动词或情态动词+主语,表示也(不)……;
④So+adj./adv.+助动词或情态动词+主语that...
⑤Notonly...,butalso...连接句子时,Notonly后是主谓倒装,butalso后是正常语序。
考点2、强调句
【例4】ItwasnotuntilIcamehere________Irealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.
A.whoB.thatC.whereD.before
【例5】Ifyouhaveajob,________yourselftoitandfinallyyou'llsucceed.
A.dodevoteB.don'tdevote
C.devotingD.notdevoting
【变式探究】
4.Itisnothowmuchwedobuthowmuchloveweputintowhatwedo________benefitsourworkmost.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.what
5.—HaveyouseenthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?
—Ofcourse,Ihave.Itwasinourvillage________itwasmade.
A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which
6.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage________thehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.
A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
【归纳总结】
1.被强调部分是人时,连接词that/who;非人时,用that。
2.特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分。
3.含not...until...的强调句型为:
Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分。
4.把句子中的“Itis/was...that/who”去掉之后,句子依然成立,就是强调句,否则就不是强调句。
5.如果需要强调谓语,应用助动词do,does或did。
考点3、反意疑问句
【例6】Thereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent,________?
A.isthereB.isn'tthere
C.isheD.isn'the
【例7】Itoldthemnoteverybodycouldrunasfastasyoudid,________?
A.couldheB.didn'tI
C.didn'tyouD.couldthey
【例8】Hemustbehelpingtheoldmantowatertheflowers,________?
A.isheB.isn'the
C.mustbeD.mustn'the
【变式探究】
7.YouandIcouldhardlyworktogether,________?
A.couldyouB.couldnt'I
C.couldn'tweD.couldwe
8.It'sthefirsttimethathehasbeentoAustralia,________?
A.isn'theB.hasn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'tit
9.—Goodbye,John.Comebackagainsometime.
—Sure,________.
A.IdidB.IdoC.IshallD.Iwill
【归纳总结】
反意疑问句的特殊情况
(1)含must的反意疑问句。
当must意为“必须”时,反意疑问部分用needn't;当mustn't为“不允许,禁止”时,反意疑问部分用must/may;当must表推测时,反意疑问部分的动词形式根据其后面的动词及其句子的时间状语确定。
(2)含宾语从句的反意疑问句。
反意疑问部分一般与主句保持一致,但是当主句是Ithink,Ibelieve,Iexpect,Iimagine,Isuppose等时,反意疑问部分与宾语从句保持一致。
考点4、主谓一致
【例9】Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,________someofitsstoresopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.
A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept
【例10】Allthescientificevidence________thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming________damagingourhealth.
A.show;areB.shows;are
C.show;isD.shows;is
【例11】Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,________interviewedshortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.
A.wereB.wasC.isD.are
【变式探究】
10.One-thirdofthecountry________coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens________blackpeople.
A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;is
11.Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplaces________thatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.
A.suggestB.suggestsC.suggestedD.suggesting
12.—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?
—Becauselargequantitiesofwater________.
A.havepollutedB.isbeingpolluted
C.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted
【归纳总结】
“主谓一致”三原则
(1)语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常在语法形式上一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。
(2)意义一致原则
意义一致原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。
有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语根据意义亦用单数形式。
如有些集合名词,如public,goverment,family,class,team,group等。
(3)就近原则
就近原则是指谓语动词的人称和数常常与其邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
常出现在这类句子中的有or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,not...but等。
【例1】________astrangeplant!
I'veneverseenitbefore.
A.WhichB.WhatC.HowD.Whether
【例2】Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar'sengine.________,we'dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.
A.OtherwiseB.Ifnot
C.ButforthatD.Ifso
【例3】________acertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject.
A.IthasB.Theyhave
C.ItremainsD.Thereremains
【例4】—What'sthematterwithDella?
—Well,herparentswouldn'tallowhertogototheparty,butshestill________.
A.hopestoB.hopesso
C.hopesnotD.hopesfor
【变式探究】
1.heshockingnewsmademerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.why
2.—Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?
—Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder________.
A.astoldB.asaretold
C.astellingD.astheytold
3.—Haveyougotanyparticularplansforthecomingholiday?
—Yes.________,I'mgoingtovisitsomehomesfortheoldinthecity.
A.IfeverB.Ifbusy
C.IfanythingD.Ifpossible
【归纳总结】
省略
(1)状语从句的省略
一般说来状语从句的省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:
③由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句。
④由as...as...,than等引导的比较状语从句。
⑤由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。
(2)不定式的省略
在特定的语境中,可单独使用不定式符号to,省略动词不定式符号to后面的内容。
(3)一些特殊省略句式
①possible/necessary与if,when,where,whenever,wherever连用时常采用省略形式。
②why/whynot句式。
why/whynot常跟动词原形,用来询问为什么或为什么不。
1.—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?
—No,nosooner________thanithappened.
A.hadshegoneB.shehadgone
C.hasshegoneD.shehasgone
2.Itwaslastnight________Isawthecomet.
A.thetimeB.whenC.thatD.which
3.Idon'tmindhercriticizingme,but________ishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.
A.itB.thatC.thisD.which
4.—Ididn'tgotoseethedoctoryesterday.
—Butyou________.
A.oughtB.oughtto
C.oughttobeD.oughttohave
5.Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot________fromwork,Iwillspendsometimewalkingmydog.
A.beingtiredB.tiring
C.tiredD.tobetired
6.Hejumpedattheopportunitywhenhesawtheadvertisementinanewspaper,becausebarely________makeendsmeet.
A.hecouldB.couldhe
C.hecouldn'tD.couldn'the
7.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents________toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.
A.areB.isC.haveD.be
8.Bothofyouclaimyouareright.Infact,eitheryouorhe________wrong.
A.areB.isC.wereD.was
9.EithertheGreekortheAustralian________theboxingcompetition.
A.havewonB.haswon
C.arewonD.iswon
10.PlayingfootballandwatchingTV________bothinteresting.
A.wereB.wasC.areD.is