自考08年试题及答案.docx

自考08年试题及答案.docx

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自考08年试题及答案

全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试

英语阅读

（二）试题

课程代码：

00596

请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上。

全部题目用英文作答（翻译题除外）

I.ReadingComprehension.（50points,2pointsforeach）

Directions:

Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Followingeachpassage,therearefivequestionswithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandthenwritethecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Whetheryou’redeliveringaspeech,approachingyourbossforaraiseoraddressingaudienceonanimportantsocialoccasion,doyourhomework.Themostpolished,smoothlydelivered,spontaneous-soundingtalksaretheresultofmanyhoursofwork.Thememorableone-linersandmovingphrasesthatgodowninhistorydon’tcomefromlastminuteburstofinspiration.

Ifyou’remakingapresentationofanysort,beginpreparingasfaraheadoftimeaspossible.“Goodwriting,”saysHarvardUniversityhistorianRichardMarius,“isakindofwrestlingwiththought.”Beginthewrestlingmatchearly.Twodaysbeforeyourpresentationisusuallytoolatetogointotheringandcomeupwithawinningidea.

Prepareyourselfaswellasyourmaterial,givingspecialattentiontoyourvoice.Ashrill,nasaltonestrikesyourlistenerlikechalkscreechingonablackboard.Byputtingenergyandresonanceintoyourvoice,youwillhaveapositiveeffect.Ifyourvoiceistimidorquiverswithnervousness,yousenseit,theaudiencehearsit,andyouseediscomfortintheireyes.Withenergyandenthusiasminyourvoice,thelistenerssayahhh,tellmemore.Youreadapproval.

Likeyourvoice,yourappearanceisacommunicationtool.Forexample,ifyouareanimated,youaremostlikelytoseeanimatedlisteners.Yougivetheaudiencethemessage:

I’mgladI’mhere;I’mgladyou’rehere.

However,don’teverassumethatanaudience,aninterviewer,yourbosswillbesympathetic.Alwaysbepreparedforagrilling.Thinkbeforehandofthetentoughestquestionsyoucouldgetandbereadywithyouranswers.Andremember,whenyou’reaskedahostilequestion,nevershowhostilitytoyourquestioner.Ifyoudo,youlose.

Whilethehostilequestioneristalking,prepareyourresponse.Takeapositivetackimmediately,andmakeyouranswershort.Theinstanttheinterviewerfinishesthequestion,begintheanswer:

firstpoint,secondpoint,thirdpoint...bingo,yourconclusion.

Thewayyoulistengivesmessagesaboutyoutoo.Listenwithinterest,focusingyoureyesonthespeaker.Ifheorsheissittingnexttoyou,angleyourbodyslightlyinthechairsothatyou’returnedtowardtheperson.Animateyourfacewithapproval.Itsays,I’mwithyou,I’minterestedinwhatyou’resaying.

Onceyou’repreparedforasituation,you’re50percentofthewaytowardovercomingnervousness.Theother50percentisthephysicalandmentalcontrolofnervousness:

adjustingyourattitudesoyouhaveconfidence,andcontrolofyourselfandyouraudience.

Questions1-5arebasedonPassageOne.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Themethodsthatonecanusetoletpeopleagreewithhimorherinaspeech.

B.Howtomakeone’svoiceandappearancepleasantwhenonegivesspeeches.

C.Theimportanceofpreparationbeforeonetalkstopeopleonformaloccasions.

D.Howtoovercomeanxietywhenonetalkstotheaudienceonformaloccasions.

2.“One-liners”（Para.1）are________.

A.well-writtenarticlesB.excellentspeeches

C.singlewittysentencesD.unforgettablephrases

3.Bysaying“likechalkscreechingonablackboard”（Para.3）,theauthor________.

A.referstothefeelinganunpleasantvoicearousesintheaudience

B.pointsoutthatoneneedstousechalktowriteontheblackboard

C.meansthatoneshouldspeakloudenoughforallaudiencetohear

D.stressesthatonemustputenergyandresonanceintohisorhervoice

4.Whenaskedahostilequestion,oneshould________.

A.answerquicklyandbrieflyB.ignorethequestiontotally

C.defendhimselforherselffirmlyD.respondsmartlyandpleasantly

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Oneshouldlookoutfortoughquestionsfromanaudiencebeforehand.

B.Oneshouldspendalotoftimepreparingbeforetalkingtoanaudience.

C.Ifonelooksactiveandvigorous,theaudiencewillrespondaccordingly.

D.Ifonemakesathoroughpreparationhewon’tbenervousatallinaspeech.

PassageTwo

Soccermightbethemostpopularsportintheworld,butfordecades,Americanshavemanagedtoresistitscharm.Theirattentionhasbeenfocused,ofcourse,onthebigthreeAmericansports:

baseball,footballandbasketball.AndwhilesoccerisrapidlygainingpopularityamongyoungerAmericans,theoldergenerationremainsdetachedfromthegame,evenwhentherestoftheworldisgluedtoTVscreenswatchingthe2006WorldCupmatches.

It’snotasthoughsoccerisastrangertoAmericanshores.TheU.S.nationalsoccerteamplayedinthefirstWorldCupin1930.Butfromthestart,thegamehadanimageformanyAmericansasanimmigrantsport.StillsoccerbegantoattractmoreattentionintheUnitedStatesafterthe1974WorldCup.

Thefollowingyear,thecountrygotitsfirstprofessionalsoccerteams,withthelaunchoftheNorthAmericanSoccerLeague.TheNewYorkCosmosbecametheleague’sflagshipfranchisewhenitacquiredastellarrosterofplayersfrom16differentcountries,includingtheBraziliansoccerlegendPele,thehigh-scoringItaliangreatGeorgioChinagalia,andGermansuperstarFranzBeckenbauer.By1977,attendanceatAmericansoccergameshadgrowntoarecord62,000.

PeppePinton,aveteransoccerplayerandtheexecutivedirectoroftheCosmossoccercamps,likestorecallthosegoldendayswhenAmericanfanspackedthestadiumstowatchsomeoftheworld’sbestsoccerplayers—mostofthemplayingonthesameteam.“Americansareusedtowatchwinners,”Pintonsays.“Americansareusedtowatchsuperstars,greatplayersinallsports,andtheyarenotsettlingforinferiority.TheCosmosteamwasnotsuccessfulintheearlyyears,butitwassuccessfulwhenthoseplayerscamehere.”

Peoplelineduptogetintothestadiumliketheywouldlineuptogetintoapopularrestaurant,Pintonsays.“Peopleattractedpeople.AndtheCosmosmadethishappenallovertheU.S.,”hesays.“ItdrewrecordcrowdsinSeattle,inMiami,inTampa,Boston,inChicagoandthentheywentallovertheworld.TheywentevenintoChinawhennobodywasreachingChinathoseyears.”

Butfor40years,theU.S.wasunabletoqualifyforWorldCupgamesbecausemostoftheplayersonitssoccerteamswerenotAmericancitizens.Finally,in1990,withenoughhome-grownornaturalizedplayersonitsrosters,theU.S.wasabletofieldaWorldCupteam.

Questions6-10arebasedonPassageTwo.

6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheU.S.hasbeenplayinginWorldCupfor20years.

B.SoccerisnotoneofthetopspectatorsportsintheU.S.

C.ManyplayersonAmerica’ssoccerteamwereforeigners.

D.MoreandmoreyoungpeopleintheU.S.areenjoyingsoccer.

7.WhichistrueabouttheNewYorkCosmos?

A.Itwasestablishedin1975.

B.Itplayedinthe1974WorldCup.

C.Itwasagreatsuccessinmid-1970s.

D.Itbrokeasportrecordinthelate1970s.

8.ItissuggestedthatmoreandmoreAmericanswillwatchsoccerif________.

A.theirteamplaysintheWorldCup

B.therearesuperstarplayersintheirteams

C.thereisgreaterpromotionofthesport

D.morematchesarearrangedintheircountry

9.WhichyearisthemostglorioustimeforsoccerintheU.S.?

A.1974.B.1977.

C.1990.D.2006.

10.“Field”（Para.6）hastheclosestmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

A.Tosponsorateam.B.Tohostasportsevent.

C.Toprovideagamevenue.D.Tosendplayerstoagame.

PassageThree

ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”

Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides.Hesays,“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproduced

chemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—substancewhichcancausecancer.Mushroomsmightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity,“We’vegotfarworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”

Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.

Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelon