所有题目.docx

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所有题目

设计题1:

根据下表所列的数据点求出其拉格朗日插值多项式及牛顿插值多项式,并计算当x=2.0时的

值。

1

1.2

1.8

2.5

4

1

1.44

3.24

6.25

16

>>x=[11.21.82.54];

>>y=[11.443.246.2516];

>>p1=polyfit(x,y,1)

p1=

5.0224-4.9611

>>y1=polyval(p1,2.0)

y1=

5.0838

>>

设计题2:

根据下面实验数据求解拟合曲线

1

2

3

4

6

7

8

2

3

6

7

5

3

2

在MATLAB中,用polyfit函数来求得最小二乘拟合多项式的系数,再用polyval函数按所得的多项式计算所给出的点上的函数近似值。

polyfit函数的调用格式为:

[P,S]=polyfit(X,Y,m)

函数根据采样点X和采样点函数值Y,产生一个m次多项式P及其在采样点的误差向量S。

其中X,Y是两个等长的向量,P是一个长度为m+1的向量,P的元素为多项式系数。

function[p,S,mu]=polyfit(x,y,n)

%POLYFITFitpolynomialtodata.

%POLYFIT(X,Y,N)findsthecoefficientsofapolynomialP(X)of

%degreeNthatfitsthedata,P(X(I))~=Y(I),inaleast-squaressense.

%

%[P,S]=POLYFIT(X,Y,N)returnsthepolynomialcoefficientsPanda

%structureSforusewithPOLYVALtoobtainerrorestimatesonpredictions.

%PisarowvectoroflengthN+1containingthepolynomialcoefficients

%indescendingpowers,P

(1)*X^N+P

(2)*X^(N-1)+...+P(N)*X+P(N+1).

%Iftheerrorsinthedata,Y,areindependentnormalwithconstant

%variance,POLYVALwillproduceerrorboundswhichcontainatleast50%of

%thepredictions.

%

%ThestructureScontainstheCholeskyfactoroftheVandermonde

%matrix(R),thedegreesoffreedom(df),andthenormofthe

%residuals(normr)asfields.

%

%[P,S,MU]=POLYFIT(X,Y,N)findsthecoefficientsofapolynomial

%inXHAT=(X-MU

(1))/MU

(2)whereMU

(1)=mean(X)andMU

(2)=std(X).

%Thiscenteringandscalingtransformationimprovesthenumerical

%propertiesofboththepolynomialandthefittingalgorithm.

%

%WarningmessagesresultifNis>=length(X),ifXhasrepeated,or

%nearlyrepeated,points,orifXmightneedcenteringandscaling.

%

%Classsupportforinputsx,y:

%float:

double,single

%

%SeealsoPOLY,POLYVAL,ROOTS.

%Copyright1984-2004TheMathWorks,Inc.

%$Revision:

5.17.4.4$$Date:

2004/03/0221:

47:

57$

%Theregressionproblemisformulatedinmatrixformatas:

%

%y=V*por

%

%32

%y=[xxx1][p3

%p2

%p1

%p0]

%

%wherethevectorpcontainsthecoefficientstobefound.Fora

%7thorderpolynomial,matrixVwouldbe:

%

%V=[x.^7x.^6x.^5x.^4x.^3x.^2xones(size(x))];

if~isequal(size(x),size(y))

error('MATLAB:

polyfit:

XYSizeMismatch',...

'XandYvectorsmustbethesamesize.')

end

x=x(:

);

y=y(:

);

ifnargout>2

mu=[mean(x);std(x)];

x=(x-mu

(1))/mu

(2);

end

%ConstructVandermondematrix.

V(:

n+1)=ones(length(x),1,class(x));

forj=n:

-1:

1

V(:

j)=x.*V(:

j+1);

end

%Solveleastsquaresproblem,andsavetheCholeskyfactor.

[Q,R]=qr(V,0);

ws=warning('off','all');

p=R\(Q'*y);%Sameasp=V\y;

warning(ws);

ifsize(R,2)>size(R,1)

warning('MATLAB:

polyfit:

PolyNotUnique',...

'Polynomialisnotunique;degree>=numberofdatapoints.')

elseifcondest(R)>1.0e10

ifnargout>2

warning('MATLAB:

polyfit:

RepeatedPoints',...

'Polynomialisbadlyconditioned.Removerepeateddatapoints.')

else

warning('MATLAB:

polyfit:

RepeatedPointsOrRescale',...

['Polynomialisbadlyconditioned.Removerepeateddatapoints\n'...

'ortrycenteringandscalingasdescribedinHELPPOLYFIT.'])

end

end

r=y-V*p;

p=p.';%Polynomialcoefficientsarerowvectorsbyconvention.

%Sisastructurecontainingthreeelements:

theCholeskyfactorofthe

%Vandermondematrix,thedegreesoffreedomandthenormoftheresiduals.

S.R=R;

S.df=length(y)-(n+1);

S.normr=norm(r);

polyval函数的功能是按多项式的系数计算x点多项式的值

>>[PS]=polyfit(x,y,2)

P=

-0.38643.4318-1.3182

S=

R:

[3x3double]

df:

4

normr:

1.7321

>>f=polyval(P,x)

f=

Columns1through6

1.72734.00005.50006.22735.36363.7727

Column7

1.4091

>>plot(x,y,'*')

>>table=[xyfy-f]

table=

Columns1through6

1.00002.00003.00004.00006.00007.0000

Columns7through12

8.00002.00003.00006.00007.00005.0000

Columns13through18

3.00002.00001.72734.00005.50006.2273

Columns19through24

5.36363.77271.40910.2727-1.00000.5000

Columns25through28

0.7727-0.3636-0.77270.5909

>>plot(x,y,'*',x,f,'-')

设计题3:

(3和4二选一,若选3,不能选4;若选4,不能选3)

用列主元Gauss消去法解方程组

 

设计题4:

用LU分解求方程组

>>A=[2,2,3;4,7,7;-2,4,5];

>>b=[3,1,7];

>>[l,u]=lu(A)

l=

0.5000-0.20001.0000

1.000000

-0.50001.00000

 

u=

4.00007.00007.0000

07.50008.5000

001.2000

>>[L,U,P]=lu(A)

L=

1.000000

-0.50001.00000

0.5000-0.20001.0000

 

U=

4.00007.00007.0000

07.50008.5000

001.2000

 

P=

010

001

100

>>[b,c]=huffman(a);

设计题5:

用雅可比迭代法和高斯-塞德尔迭代法求线性方程组的解,初始迭代值

,求近似解

使其满足

Gauss法的MATLAB函数文件gauss.m如下:

function[y,n]=gaussl(A,b,x0,eps)

ifnargin==3

   eps=1.0e-6;

elseifnargin<3

   error

   return

end     

D=diag(diag(A));   %求A的对角矩阵

L=-tril(A,-1);     %求A的下三角阵

U=-triu(A,1);      %求A的上三角阵

G=(D-L)\U;

f=(D-L)\b;

y=G*x0+f;

n=1;                 %迭代次数

whilenorm(y-x0)>=eps

   x0=y;

   y=G*x0+f;

   n=n+1;

end

--[if!

supportEmptyParas]--> 

--[endif]-->

>>A=[0.9889-0.0005-0.0002;-0.00460.99460.0077;-0.00020.00920.9941];

>>b=[101]';

>>[x,n]=gauss(A,b,[1;1;1],1e-5)

x=

1.0114

-0.0031

1.0062

n=

3

>>

设计题6:

用牛顿法求方程

在区间[1,2]内的根。

初始值

,求近似解

使得

>>symsxf;

>>f=inline('x.^3-x-1');

>>[I,n]=quad(f,1,2,10^(-5))

I=

1.250000000000000

n=

13

>>

>>symsxy;

>>x=[11.52];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-1.00000.87505.0000

>>x=[11.251.5];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-1.0000-0.29690.8750

>>x=[1.251.2751.5];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.2969-0.20230.8750

>>x=[1.2751.3851.5];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.20230.27170.8750

>>x=[1.2751.33121.3875];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.20230.02780.2837

>>x=[1.2751.30311.3312];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.2023-0.09030.0278

>>x=[1.2751.30311.3312];

>>x=[1.30311.31711.3312];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.0903-0.03230.0278

>>x=[1.31711.32411.3312];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.0323-0.00260.0278

>>x=[1.32411.32771.3312];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.00260.01280.0278

>>x=[1.32411.32591.3277];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.00260.00500.0128

>>x=[1.32411.32501.3259];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.00260.00120.0050

>>x=[1.32411.32451.3250];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.0026-0.00090.0012

>>x=[1.32451.32471.3250];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.0009-0.00010.0012

>>x=[1.32471.32491.3250];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

-0.00010.00080.0012

>>x=[1.32471.32481.3249];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

1.0e-003*

-0.07660.34990.7765

>>x=[1.32471.324751.3248];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

1.0e-003*

-0.07660.13670.3499

>>x=[1.32471.3247251.32475];

>>y=x.^3-x-1

y=

1.0e-003*

-0.07660.03000.1367

因为|1.32475-1.3247|<105所以X0=1.32475

设计题7:

用复合梯形求积公式和复合辛普森求积公式计算

(划分的子区间至少为10个)

基于变步长的辛普森求积,该函数的调用格式为:

[I,n]=quad('fname',a,b,tol,trace)

其中fname是被积函数名。

a和b分别是定积分的下限和上限。

tol用来控制积分精度,缺省时取tol=0.001。

trace控制是否展现积分过程,若取非0则展现积分过程,取0则不展现,缺省时取trace=0。

返回参数I即定积分值,n为被积函数的调用次数。

function[Q,fcnt]=quad(funfcn,a,b,tol,trace,varargin)

%QUADNumericallyevaluateintegral,adaptiveSimpsonquadrature.

%Q=QUAD(FUN,A,B)triestoapproximatetheintegraloffunction

%FUNfromAtoBtowithinanerrorof1.e-6usingrecursive

%adaptiveSimpsonquadrature.ThefunctionY=FUN(X)should

%acceptavectorargumentXandreturnavectorresultY,the

%integrandevaluatedateachelementofX.

%

%Q=QUAD(FUN,A,B,TOL)usesanabsoluteerrortoleranceofTOL

%insteadofthedefault,whichis1.e-6.LargervaluesofTOL

%resultinfewerfunctionevaluationsandfastercomputation,

%butlessaccurateresults.TheQUADfunctioninMATLAB5.3used

%alessreliablealgorithmandadefaulttoleranceof1.e-3.

%

%[Q,FCNT]=QUAD(...)returnsthenumberoffunctionevaluations.

%

%QUAD(FUN,A,B,TOL,TRACE)withnon-zeroTRACEshowsthevalues

%of[fcntab-aQ]duringtherecursion.

%

%QUAD(FUN,A,B,TOL,TRACE,P1,P2,...)providesforadditional

%argumentsP1,P2,...tobepasseddirectlytofunctionFUN,

%FUN(X,P1,P2,...).PassemptymatricesforTOLorTRACEto

%usethedefaultvalues.

%

%Usearrayoperators.*,./and.^inthedefinitionofFUN

%sothatitcanbeevaluatedwithavectorargument.

%

%FunctionQUADLmaybemoreefficientwithhighaccuracies

%andsmoothintegrands.

%

%Example:

%FUNcanbespecifiedas:

%

%Ananonymousfunction:

%F=@(x)1./(x.^3-2*x-5);

%Q=quad(F,0,2);

%

%Afunctionhandle:

%Q=quad(@myfun,0,2);

%wheremyfun.misanM-file:

%functiony=myfun(x)

%y=1./(x.^3-2*x-5);

%

%ClasssupportforinputsA,B,andtheoutputofFUN:

%float:

double,single

%

%SeealsoQUADV,QUADL,DBLQUAD,TRIPLEQUAD,@.

%Basedon"adaptsim"byWalterGander.

%Ref:

W.GanderandW.Gautschi,"AdaptiveQuadratureRevisited",1998.

%http:

//www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/gander

%Copyright1984-2004TheMathWorks,Inc.

%$Revision:

5.26.4.3$$Date:

2004/03/2403:

05:

30$

f=fcnchk(funfcn);

ifnargin<4||isempty(tol),tol=1.e-6;end;

ifnargin<5||isempty(trace),trace=0;end;

%Initializewiththreeunequalsubintervals.

h=0.13579*(b-a);

x=[aa+ha+2*h(a+b)/2b-2*hb-hb];

y=f(x,varargin{:

});

fcnt=7;

%Fudgeendpointstoavoidinfinities.

if~isfinite(y

(1))

y

(1)=f(a+eps(superiorfloat(a,b))*(b-a),varargin{:

});

fcnt=fcnt+1;

end

if~isfinite(y(7))

y(7)=f(b-eps(superiorfloat(a,b))*(b-a),varargin{:

});

fcnt=fcnt+1;

end

%Calltherecursivecoreintegrator.

hmin=eps(b-a)/1024;

[Q

(1),fcnt,warn

(1)]=...

quadstep(f,x

(1),x(3),y

(1),y

(2),y(3),tol,trace,fcnt,hmin,varargin{:

});

[Q

(2),fcnt,warn

(2)]=...

quadstep(f,x(3),x(5),y(3),y(4),y(5),tol,trace,fcnt,hmin,varargin{:

});

[Q(3),fcnt,warn(3)]=...

quadstep(f,x(5),x(7),y(5),y(6),y(7),tol,trace,fcnt,hmin,varargin{:

});

Q=sum(Q);

warn=max(warn);

switchwarn

case1

warning('

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