最全初中英语语法之被动语态.docx

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最全初中英语语法之被动语态.docx

最全初中英语语法之被动语态

初中英语被动语态复习

一、被动语态概述

语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。

英语的语态共有两种:

主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。

汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。

如:

Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。

(主动语态)

Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。

(被动语态)

二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。

被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。

疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。

1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:

 3、含有情态动词的被动语态

 情态动词的被动语态结构为:

情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。

如:

 Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。

 Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。

(一般过去时)

 Cantablesbemadeofstone?

桌子能用石头制造吗?

(疑问句)

三、主动语态变为被动语态

 转换图示:

 

 

1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:

 

(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:

 注意:

如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。

如:

 Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.

 

(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。

 注意:

 Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.

 他们昨天开会了。

 (3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。

 注意:

如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。

 Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:

 含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。

但多以间接宾语作主语。

 Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。

 WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.

 Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.

四.被动语态的基本用法

1.需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态。

Magazinesandnewspapersinthereading-roommustn'tbetakenaway.

阅览室的杂志和报纸都不能带走。

2.不知道或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,应使用被动语态。

HewaswoundedmanytimesduringtheAnti--JapaneseWar.

他在抗日战争期间多次负伤。

Theproblemhastobedealtwithrightnow.

这个问题必须马上处理。

3.当说话人需要强调客观时,用被动语态。

Itissaidthatthetemperaturetomorrowwillbe40℃.

据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。

Itishopedthattheywillbesuccessful.

希望她们会获得成功。

特别记住:

这一类用法的句型还有:

Itisbelievedthat...据信,大家相信

Itisknownthat...众所周知

Itissupposedthat...大家认为

Itissuggestedthat...据建议,有人建议

Itmustberememberedthat...务必记住

Itistakenforgrantedthat...……被认为理所当然

五、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例)

 1.一般现在时(am/is/are+done)

 Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。

 2.一般过去时(was/were+done)

 Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。

 3.一般将来时与过去将来时(will/shallbe+done;would/shouldbe+done)

 Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。

 4.现在进行时与过去进行时(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)

 Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天这时,机器正在被修理。

 5.现在完成时(have/hasbeen+done)

 Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。

 6.过去完成时(hadbeen+done)

 Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他们说已经被邀请参加晚

六、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:

1、 系动词无被动语态:

以主动形式表示被动之意

常见的系动词有:

①be动词

②……起来(7个):

look/seem/appear,feel(感觉,摸起来),sound,smell,taste

e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.

③(逐渐)变得/变成:

become,grow,get,turn,come,go

e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.

Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.

Thetreeisgrowingtall.

④保持:

keep,stay

e.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.

2、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take

3、不及物动词sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。

 

、Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.(×)昨天发生了一起事故。

 Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.

 

、Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。

 

、Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。

 

、Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。

、Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布很容易洗。

、Thearticlereadswell.这篇文章读起来很好。

、Thesupermarketopensat8:

00inthemorning.超市在早上八点钟营业。

、Thedoorwon’tclose/shut.这门关不上。

、Thedoorlockseasily.这门容易锁。

、Thismaterialwearswell(won’twear).这种材料耐久(不耐久)

七.含有双宾语的句子的被动语态

有一些动词如give,buy等,后面常跟两个宾语--直接宾语和间接宾语;通常直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人;指物或指人的宾语都可以作为被动句子的主语。

例如:

例:

①Shegavemeabook.=Shegaveapentobook.

→Iwasgivenabookbyher.

→Abookwasgiventomebyher.

②MyfatherboughtmeaMP3.=MyfatherboughtaMP3forme.

→IwasboughtaMP3bymyfather.

→AMP3wasboughtformebymyfather.

 

将这些带双宾语的动词背下来:

1.动词后加to的:

give给show给……看send寄bring带……pass递给……

lend……借给leave留给……hand……交给tell告诉return归还

write写给……throw扔……promise答应refuse拒绝……

2.动词后加for的:

pay付钱给……,buy买,sing给……唱歌,make制,做,

do做,get得到

注意:

所有要求不定式作宾语补足语而不带to的动词,包括感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,lookat,listento及使役动词make,let,have和动词help,在变为被动语态时,还要把to加上。

被动语态专项练习

Ⅰ单项选择

1.Goodbooks____againandagain.

A.shouldbereadedB.shouldberead

C.mustreadD.oughttoread

2.Thechildren____bythenurse.

A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked

3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.

A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened

C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten

4.When____theaccident_____?

A.was,happenB.did,happen

C.is,happenD.was,happened

5.Thequestion____byussoon.

A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscuss

C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed

6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.

A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt

7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.

A.havesetupB.havebeensetup

C.weresetupD.setup

8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.

A.hadfinishedB.havefinished

C.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished

9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.

A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown

10.He____bytheteachers.

A.isalwayspraisedB.praises

C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised

11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.

A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopen

C.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened

12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.

A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken

13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.

A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired

14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.

A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing

15.Thewar______in1941.

A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenout

C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout

16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapor(蒸汽).

A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats

17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.

A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking

18.They______dayandnight.

A.aremadeworkB.aremadetowork

C.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork

19.Chang'anRoadis______ofpeople.

A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled

20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.

A.wassentupB.issentup

C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup

21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.

A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung

22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.

A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned

23.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?

A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found

24.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.

A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended

25.Yourexercisebooks_____afterclass.

A.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin

26.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.

A.beplantedB.plant

C.areplantedD.willbeplanted

27.Thesun_____atnightasusual.

A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn'tsee

28.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.

A.willputonB.willbeputon

C.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon

29.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.

A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappened

C.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen

30.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.

A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken

C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken

Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态

1.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.

2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.

3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.

4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?

5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.

6.Ithinkthatheisright.

7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.

8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.

9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.

10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.

 

Moreexercises:

1

()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

()2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

2

()1Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished

3

()1Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

()2Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten

()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

4

()1-Myshoesarewornout.

A.Can'ttheybemended?

B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?

D.Can'ttheymended?

()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?

Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

()3___thesedesksbeneeded?

A

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