考研《英语一》考试真题及答案解析完整版.docx
《考研《英语一》考试真题及答案解析完整版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研《英语一》考试真题及答案解析完整版.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
考研《英语一》考试真题及答案解析完整版
2022年考研《英语
（一）》考试真题及答案解析【完整版】
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）
Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm"plantneurobiologywas_____
（1）aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe_____
（2）tointelligenceinanimals._____（3）plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat_____（4）consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.
Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit_____（5）sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called_____（6）ofplantsintelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.
Beginningin2006,somescientistshave_____（7）thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,_____（8）"aplantnervoussystem,_____（9）tothatinanimals."saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"They_____（10）claimedthatplantshave'brain-likecommandcenters'attheirroottips."
This_____（11）makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,_____（12）ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals._____（13）,thesignalinginaplantisonly_____（14）similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan"amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity."Taizsaid.
"Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold_____（15）ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,"he_____（16）"Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,the_____（17）thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero."
Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?
Plantscan'trunawayfrom_____（18）.Soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich_____（19）athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery_____（20）evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.
1.【题干】1._____.
【选项】
A.coined
B.discovered
C.collected
D.issued
【答案】A
2.【题干】2._____.
【选项】
A.attributed
B.directed
C.compared
D.confined
【答案】C
3.【题干】3._____.
【选项】
A.unless
B.when
C.once
D.though
【答案】D
4.【题干】4._____.
【选项】
A.copewith
B.consistedof
C.hintedat
D.extendedin
【答案】C
5.【题干】5._____.
【选项】
A.suffers
B.benefits
C.develops
D.differs
【答案】D
6.【题干】6._____.
【选项】
A.acceptance
B.evidence
C.cultivation
D.creation
【答案】B
7.【题干】7._____.
【选项】
A.doubted
B.denied
C.argued
D.requested
【答案】C
8.【题干】8._____.
【选项】
A.adapting
B.forming
C.repairing
D.testing
【答案】B
9.【题干】9._____.
【选项】
A.analogous
B.essential
C.suitable
D.sensitive
【答案】A
10.【题干】10._____.
【选项】
A.just
B.ever
C.still
D.even
【答案】D
11.【题干】11._____.
【选项】
A.restriction
B.experiment
C.perspective
D.demand
【答案】C
12.【题干】12._____.
【选项】
A.attaching
B.reducing
C.returning
D.exposing
【答案】D
13.【题干】13._____.
【选项】
A.However
B.Moreover
C.Therefore
D.Otherwise
【答案】A
14.【题干】14._____.
【选项】
A.temporarily
B.literally
C.superficially
D.imaginarily
【答案】C
15.【题干】15._____.
【选项】
A.list
B.level
C.label
D.local
【答案】B
16.【题干】16._____.
【选项】
A.recalled
B.agreed
C.questioned
D.added
【答案】D
17.【题干】17._____.
【选项】
A.chances
B.risks
C.excuses
D.assumptions
【答案】A
18.【题干】18._____.
【选项】
A.danger
B.failure
C.warning
D.control
【答案】A
19.【题干】19._____.
【选项】
A.represents
B.includes
C.reveals
D.recognizes
【答案】D
20.【题干】20._____.
【选项】
A.humble
B.poor
C.practical
D.easy
【答案】B
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）
Text1
Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They"weep"outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:
earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.
Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It'slikebakingacake:
Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts.itgoeswrong."Shesays."Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb."
Andsometimes,it'snottheartist'sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPicroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen"naturecarpets"–largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets–whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.
Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It'sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi'ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals"sunscreens"becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.
DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten's,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,"andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve.…willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe'llbeseen."
21.【题干】AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin_____.
【选项】
A.maintainingtheirplasticitems
B.obtainingdurableplasticartifacts
C.handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits
D.classifyingtheirplasticcollections
【答案】A
22.【题干】VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare_____.
【选项】
A.immunetodecay
B.improperlyshaped
C.inherentlyflawed
D.complexinstructure
【答案】C
23.【题干】MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi'sartworksto_____.
【选项】
A.keepthemfromhurtingvisitors
B.duplicatethemforfuturedisplay
C.havetheiringredientsanalyzed
D.preventthemfromfurtherdamage
【答案】D
24.【题干】Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis_____.
【选项】
A.costly
B.unworthy
C.unpopular
D.challenging
【答案】D
25.【题干】InFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts_____.
【选项】
A.willinspirefuturescientificresearch
B.hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance
C.willhelpusseparatethematerialages
D.hasanimpactontoday'sculturallife
【答案】B
Text2
Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationsandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.
Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles;apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongsttheOECD.
Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,but,ratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.
Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.
Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.
ItisunlikelythatGenZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayagile,relevantandemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgenerationduetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentand
升级会员 