02教案宏观经济学柳玉寿.docx

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02教案宏观经济学柳玉寿.docx

02教案宏观经济学柳玉寿

西南财经大学天府学院

教案

任课教师：

柳玉寿

课程名称：

宏观经济学

任课班级：

2013级本科会计03、28、29班

授课时间：

2014-2015-1学期

西南财经大学天府学院教务处制

教案

编号：

章,节

Chapter22MeasuringANation’sIncome

授课方式

lecture

教

学

目

的

Letthestudentsunderstandtheconceptbelow：

1.What’sGDP?

2.ThemeasurementofGDP

3.ThecomponentsofGDP

4.RealversusNominalGDP（GDPdeflator）

5.GDPandEconomicWell-being

教

学

重

点

ThemeasurementofGDP

ThecomponentsofGDP

RealversusNominalGDP（GDPdeflator）

GDPandEconomic

教

学

难

点

ThemeasurementofGDP

ThecomponentsofGDP

RealversusNominalGDP（GDPdeflator）

GDPandEconomic

时间分配

教学内容

15mins

20mins

25mins

45mins

TheteachergivestheLecturesaboutthecontentsbelow:

1.Microeconomics

Microeconomicsisthestudyofhowindividualhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractwithoneanotherinmarkets.

Macroeconomics

Macroeconomicsisthestudyoftheeconomyasawhole.

Itsgoalistoexplaintheeconomicchangesthataffectmanyhouseholds,firms,andmarketsatonce.

2.Macroeconomics

Macroeconomicsanswersquestionslikethefollowing:

Whyisaverageincomehighinsomecountriesandlowinothers?

Whydopricesriserapidlyinsometimeperiodswhiletheyaremorestableinothers?

Whydoproductionandemploymentexpandinsomeyearsandcontractinothers?

TheEconomy’s

3.IncomeandExpenditure

Whenjudgingwhethertheeconomyisdoingwellorpoorly,itisnaturaltolookatthetotalincomethateveryoneintheeconomyisearning.

TheEconomy’s

4.IncomeandExpenditure

Foraneconomyasawhole,incomemustequalexpenditurebecause:

Everytransactionhasabuyerandaseller.

Everydollarofspendingbysomebuyerisadollarofincomeforsomeseller.

5.GrossDomesticProduct

Grossdomesticproduct（GDP）isameasureoftheincomeandexpendituresofaneconomy.

Itisthetotalmarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.

TheCircular-FlowDiagram

Theequalityofincomeandexpenditurecanbeillustratedwiththecircular-flowdiagram.

TheCircular-FlowDiagram

TheMeasurementofGDP

GDPisthemarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.

6.TheMeasurementofGDP

Outputisvaluedatmarketprices.

Itrecordsonlythevalueoffinalgoods,notintermediategoods（thevalueiscountedonlyonce）.

Itincludesbothtangiblegoods（food,clothing,cars）andintangibleservices（haircuts,housecleaning,doctorvisits）.

TheMeasurementofGDP

Itincludesgoodsandservicescurrentlyproduced,nottransactionsinvolvinggoodsproducedinthepast.

Itmeasuresthevalueofproductionwithinthegeographicconfinesofacountry.

TheMeasurementofGDP

Itmeasuresthevalueofproductionthattakesplacewithinaspecificintervaloftime,usuallyayearoraquarter（threemonths）.

7.WhatIsCountedinGDP?

GDPincludesallitemsproducedintheeconomyandsoldlegallyinmarkets.

8.WhatIsNotCountedinGDP?

GDPexcludesmostitemsthatareproducedandconsumedathomeandthatneverenterthemarketplace.

Itexcludesitemsproducedandsoldillicitly,suchasillegaldrugs.

9.OtherMeasuresofIncome

GrossNationalProduct（GNP）

NetNationalProduct（NNP）

NationalIncome

PersonalIncome

DisposablePersonalIncome

10.GrossNationalProduct

Grossnationalproduct（GNP）isthetotalincomeearnedbyanation’spermanentresidents（callednationals）.

ItdiffersfromGDPbyincludingincomethatourcitizensearnabroadandexcludingincomethatforeignersearnhere.

NetNationalProduct（NNP）

NetNationalProduct（NNP）isthetotalincomeofthenation’sresidents（GNP）minuslossesfromdepreciation.

Depreciationisthewearandtearontheeconomy’sstockofequipmentandstructures.

NationalIncome

NationalIncomeisthetotalincomeearnedbyanation’sresidentsintheproductionofgoodsandservices.

ItdiffersfromNNPbyexcludingindirectbusinesstaxes（suchassalestaxes）andincludingbusinesssubsidies.

11.PersonalIncome

Personalincomeistheincomethathouseholdsandnoncorporatebusinessesreceive.

Unlikenationalincome,itexcludesretainedearnings,whichisincomethatcorporationshaveearnedbuthavenotpaidouttotheirowners.

Inaddition,itincludeshousehold’sinterestincomeandgovernmenttransfers.

DisposablePersonalIncome

Disposablepersonalincomeistheincomethathouseholdandnoncorporatebusinesseshaveleftaftersatisfyingalltheirobligationstothegovernment.

Itequalspersonalincomeminuspersonaltaxesandcertainnontaxpayments.

TheComponentsofGDP

12.GDP（Y）isthesumofthefollowing:

Consumption（C）

Investment（I）

GovernmentPurchases（G）

NetExports（NX）

Y=C+I+G+NX

TheComponentsofGDP

Consumption（C）:

Thespendingbyhouseholdsongoodsandservices,withtheexceptionofpurchasesofnewhousing.

Investment（I）:

Thespendingoncapitalequipment,inventories,andstructures,includingnewhousing.

TheComponentsofGDP

GovernmentPurchases（G）:

Thespendingongoodsandservicesbylocal,state,andfederalgovernments.

Doesnotincludetransferpaymentsbecausetheyarenotmadeinexchangeforcurrentlyproducedgoodsorservices.

NetExports（NX）:

Exportsminusimports.

GDPandItsComponents（1998）

13.RealversusNominalGDP

NominalGDPvaluestheproductionofgoodsandservicesatcurrentprices.

RealGDPvaluestheproductionofgoodsandservicesatconstantprices.

RealversusNominalGDP

AnaccurateviewoftheeconomyrequiresadjustingnominaltorealGDPbyusingtheGDPdeflator.

14.GDPDeflator

TheGDPdeflatormeasuresthecurrentlevelofpricesrelativetothelevelofpricesinthebaseyear.

IttellsustheriseinnominalGDPthatisattributabletoariseinpricesratherthanariseinthequantitiesproduced.

GDPDeflator

TheGDPdeflatoriscalculatedasfollows:

ConvertingNominalGDPtoRealGDP

NominalGDPisconvertedtorealGDPasfollows:

RealandNominalGDP

RealGDPintheUnitedStates

15.GDPandEconomic

Well-Being

GDPisthebestsinglemeasureoftheeconomicwell-beingofasociety.

GDPperpersontellsustheincomeandexpenditureoftheaveragepersonintheeconomy.

GDPandEconomic

Well-Being

HigherGDPperpersonindicatesahigherstandardofliving.

GDPisnotaperfectmeasureofthehappinessorqualityoflife,however.

GDPandEconomic

Well-Being

Somethingsthatcontributetowell-beingarenotincludedinGDP.

Thevalueofleisure.

Thevalueofacleanenvironment.

Thevalueofalmostallactivitythattakesplaceoutsideofmarkets,suchasthevalueofthetimeparentsspendwiththeirchildrenandthevalueofvolunteerwork.

GDP,LifeExpectancy,andLiteracy

Summary

Becauseeverytransactionhasabuyerandaseller,thetotalexpenditureintheeconomymustequalthetotalincomeintheeconomy.

GrossDomesticProduct（GDP）measuresaneconomy’stotalexpenditureonnewlyproducedgoodsandservicesandthetotalincomeearnedfromtheproductionofthesegoodsandservices.

Summary

GDPisthemarketvalueofallfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiodoftime.

GDPisdividedamongfourcomponentsofexpenditure:

consumption,investment,governmentpurchases,andnetexports.

NominalGDPusescurrentpricestovaluetheeconomy’sproduction.RealGDPusesconstantbase-yearpricestovaluetheeconomy’sproductionofgoodsandservices.

TheGDPdeflator--calculatedfromtheratioofnominaltorealGDP--measuresthelevelofpricesintheeconomy.

GDPisagoodmeasureofeconomicwell-beingbecausepeoplepreferhighertolowerincomes.

Itisnotaperfectmeasureofwell-beingbecausesomethings,suchasleisuretimeandacleanenvironment,aren’tmeasuredbyGDP.

TheCircular-FlowDiagram

GDPandItsComponents（1998）

RealGDPintheUnitedStates

作

业

布

置

Exercise

What’sGDP?

DiscussThemeasurementofGDP

DiscussThecomponentsofGDP

课

后

总

结

NominalGDPusescurrentpricestovaluetheeconomy’sproduction.RealGDPusesconstantbase-yearpricestovaluetheeconomy’sproductionofgoodsandservices.

TheGDPdeflator--calculatedfromtheratioofnominaltorealGDP--measuresthelevelofpricesintheeconomy.

教案

编号：

章,节

Chapter23MeasuringtheCostofLiving

授课方式

lecture

教

学

目

的

Equippingstudentsoneofthemostpowerfultoolsineconomicsstudy,thissectionshallintroducedifferenteconomicgraphsandtheirpurposesandusages.

Helpstudenttoplot,readandunderstanddifferentgraphsandunderstandMeasuringtheCostofLiving

教

学

重

点

Letstudentsunderstandthefollowingconceptions:

1.MeasuringtheCostofLiving

2.HowtheConsumerPriceIndexIsCalculated

3.GDPDeflator

4.What’sintheCPI’sBasket?

教

学

难

点

1.HowtheConsumerPriceIndexIsCalculated

2.What’sintheCPI’sBasket?

3.GDPDeflator

时间分配

教学内容

20mins

25mins

20mins

25mins

20mins

25mins

TheteachergivestheLecturesaboutthecontentsbelow:

1.MeasuringtheCostofLiving

Inflationreferstoasituationinwhichtheeconomy’soverallpricelevelisrising.

Theinflationrateisthepercentagechangeinthepricelevelfromthepreviousperiod.

TheConsumerPriceIndex

Theconsumerpriceindex（CPI）isameasureoftheoverallcostofthegoodsandservicesboughtbyatypicalconsumer.

TheBureauofLaborStatisticsreportstheCPIeachmonth.

Itisusedtomonitorchangesinthecostoflivingovertime.

TheConsumerPriceInd

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