英美议会制度比较样本.docx

英美议会制度比较样本.docx

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英美议会制度比较样本

AmericanandBritishparliamentarysystemcomparativeanalysis

（经管07级工商4班于少东0506）

Abstract：

Politicalinstitutions（set）belongtoPoliticalsuperstructureareas，generallyreferstoitssocialQualitativeadaptationofthenationalauthoritiesandbasicsystem."Politicalsystemandhumansocietyasthevarioussystems,Isaproductofhistoricaldevelopment，withtimeandspacemark."1300yearsago，BritishbourgeoisrevolutionLater，thecapitalistcountriesgraduallyestablishandpracticeofthedemocraticpoliticsandpromulgatedtheconstitutionandconstitutionalism，makegraduallyimplementingCapitalisminthefieldsaredeveloped.

BothBritainandthepoliticalsystemhasthesametheoreticalbasis：

"naturalrights"theoryand"separation"Principle；Thespecificcontentofpoliticalsystemincludesparliamentarysystem，theelectoralsystem，judicialsystem，thegovernmentsystem,Civilservicesystemandpoliticalpartysystem；etc.Allflaunt"people'sdemocracy"，withthemainformsoftherepresentativefordemocracy,Powersystemrunningintheseparationofpowersandthecharacteristicsof"rulebylaw"principle.ThemostfundamentalcapitalistcountriesasHomepoliticalsystemoftwotypicalrepresentative，BritainandtheUnitedKingdominthemaintenanceofbourgeoisinterests，safeguardendowmentsocialistprivateownershipDegrees，carryoutthebourgeoisdictatorshiphasthesameessence.ButinconcretepoliticalsystemlevelandthetwocountriesSincethepresentdifferentcharacteristics.

KeyWords：

parliamentarysystem，culture；difference

英美议会制度之比较

摘要：

政治制度（PoliticalRegime）属于上层建筑范畴，普通是指与本国社会性质相适应国家权利机构和基本制度。

"政治制度与人类社会各种制度同样，是历史发展产物，带有时间与空间烙印。

"1300近年前，英国资产阶级革命后，资本主义国家逐渐建立和实践了民主政治，颁布了宪法并逐渐实行宪政，使资本主义在各个领域都得到了长足发展。

　　英美两国政治制度具备相似理论基本：

"天赋人权"学说和"三权分立"

原则；政治制度详细内容都涉及议会制度、选举制度、司法制度、政府制度、

公务员制度和政党制度等；都标榜"人民民主"，以代议制为民主重要形式；

政权体制都实行分权制衡和"法治"原则特点。

而最主线是作为资本主义国

家政治制度两个典型代表，英美两国在维护资产阶级利益、维护资主义私有制

度、实行资产阶级专政等方面具备相似本质。

但在详细政治制度层面两国又各

自呈现不同特点.

核心词：

议会制度文化差别

Britishparliamentarysystem

A，introduction

TheBritishparliamentisknownas"parliament'smother.InBritaintakestheleadincreatingcapitalistmodeofproduction，andmeanwhiletakestheleadincreatingawiththeappropriate

Shouldtheconstitutionalsystem，whichistheparliamentforsubstantialpartoftheparliamentarysystem.TheBritishparliamentasthemotherofparliament，reasonhasthefollowingtheitems.

Thelongesthistory.1.

Ifthe"modelin1295convenedforthebeginning，thenparliament"，theBritishcontinuousparliamentarypracticehassofarmorethansevenhundredyears.OnlyBritain

Parliamentisconcerned，thehistoryofthelongworldnocountryparliamentcanwatchwithadmiration.

TheBritishparliamenthistory'spreciousnessisnotonlyliesinitstimelong，butbecauseithasexperiencedthecontradictionofdeepandcomplex，liesinitsplace

Accumulateexperiencesandlessonsoftherich，liesintheparliamentarypracticecontainssevenhundredyearsofenlightenment.

2.Overthrowfeudalmonarchystruggleextremelyfullyandsuccess

Aswithmostcountries，Britainhadlongfeudalsocietyperiodandaccompaniedbythefeudalmonarchy.Howeverapartis,

Alsointhefeudalmonarchy，theBritishcouncilwilltenaciouslyspearedout，andhasbeenindomitabletobindkingship，untilthekingshipresolutelyplaced

Parliamentbargaineesunder.

BritishKingsfeudalautocraticmanytendency，haveaplentyofdye-in-the-wooddespot，andtheparliamentpowerbitterest.Therefore，theBritishparliament

Intheworldknowonlyhavekingshipanddisownparliamentaryauthorityeraofkingship，withoutconstraintagaininvariouswaysandsceptrestruggle.Lawmakerstokingplease

May，rightthemselves；Borrowtheking'staxadvice，attackingdemandsanddiscussestheprincesandevilkingsin.Whenpeaceparliamentarystrugglecanstoptheking'sautocraticthrough

Whenparliamentwithacommandarmy，wangjunJueSiwar.Parliamentwaseventoabolishthemonarchyandrepublicanism.Afteraboutfivehundredyearsofinnumerableback

Closebattle，parliamentfinallyovercomethemonarchyandaerialkingship，willbetransformedintoindependentmonarchywithoutabilityofconductnationalsymbol，andmakethemworkforparliamentarysupremacy

Systemservice.

TheBritishparliamentforothercountriesovercomemonarchyofsimilarrevolutionoffersrichexperience，oneofthemostvaluedis：

useparliamentfinancial

Rightwithwarbeatfrettingkingship，king，withoverheadoperationtransformationkingship.

3.Createnewelectoralsystem

Britainfromfeudalsocietyperiodalreadyformedasenateelectionsystems，andhavebeenusedtothe19thcenturyprophase.Thefeudalmonarchyofparliament

Theelectoralsystemfacilitatesthekingcalledparliament，whichisbeneficialtotherulersandpluterigelections.

Parliamentary-based，congressneedstobuildtheirownsocialbasis.From1832onwards，theBritishparliamentcontinuousexploration，establishnewCongressmanelectoral.

Tovoters'property，genderrequirementsgraduallyabolished，agerequirementreducedtotheadministrativedivisions，narrowbasisanddeterminetheconstituencybetweenpopulation.Constituency

Differences.Results，eighteenyearsofvotersteamup.Ontheotherhand，tothesenatorcandidate'sproperty，gender，age.Qualificationcorrespondingabandoned

Lessrequirements.Thus，civiliancourttoambitiousciviliansopenedthedoor.Partybecomescampaignorganizers，itsetplatform，nominatecandidates,

Raisingcampaignfunds，stirringvoters.Electionintovotersaroundtheparty'spoliciesandcandidates，andmaketheauthorizedchoice.Countryofvoters，candidate

People，politicalpartyintheelectionbehavior，andtomakeastandardelectiondisputesrenderanarbitration.OneconstituencyelectionaCongressman，attainsthesimplemajoritycandidate

Whowaselected.TheBritishparliamentbeforeothermostcountriesparliamentgropingbuiltabovenewelectoralsystem，oneofthemanypointsforoneanother

Anationalassemblyquoted.

4.Createmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal

Parliamentfromamonarchhandtakenaftertheexerciseofsovereignty，howsovereignty?

Britainandotherafewcountriesfacingtheconstitutionalearlierissue

Thechallenge，andinitiallymadeanswer，namelycreateBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelreveal.

ThemaincharacteristicsofBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealdisplaysin：

governmentmembersbytheparliamentciviliancourtmajorityfrontseatsenatorandcompanionsfrontseatconcurrently；651zheng

Mansiontocivilianscourtyardbearthecollectiveresponsibilityandministerpersonalresponsibility；Thegovernmentarrangementthelegislationofparliament.MoltencertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealoriginallyintheBritishparliamentforoverheadking

Administrativepower，andbytheparliamentadoptedbytheexecutivepowercontrol，thusconsolidateparliamentarysupremacysystem.Unexpectedis，withmodernBritishgovernmentduty

Inflation，exercisingadministrativepowerofthegovernment，thelegislativecouncilgraduallymanipulationoftheparliamentaryvotetolanguish.

PracticeshowedthatBritishmeltwithcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealearlieritcreatedtheUnitedStatestruly，convenientdecentralizedcomparedthegovernmentpolicyintolegalandthenpush

Do，yetitexcessiveweakenedstateparliamentintheroleofdecision-makingproceduresinparliament'simage，positionadverseverymuch.Inthisconnection，decentralization

SystemundertheU.S.congresstosafeguarditsaddressingintrepidlegislativepowerandfinancialpower；ManycitedBritishparliamentarymeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealincreasinglyremindourselvesnottofallinto

Themotherofparliamentposition，theyareentitledtouselesstit-for-tatproposesmuststrengthenparliamentinstateofthedecisionscontrolfunction.

5.Foundedmajoritywithoppositionmode

TheBritishparliamentfirstfrankrecognitioninparliamentarypartieswithintheexistence，andpressthedelegatecounthowmanyirrelevanceseatstoassignitsconstitutionalfunction.get

Civiliancourtmajorityseatspartytoexerciseadministrativepower，namelyform，butalsoobtainorganizationciviliancourtofthelegislationandtheotherprivileges.

Obtainciviliancourttimesmostseatspartyledtobecomenamelymagnificenceopposition，obtainedwithmajorityconsultationarrangementsciviliancourtagenda，andhavetheprivilegeof

Rightrepresentingalloppositiondividesthemotion，thegovernmentshoulddeclareetc，alsohasthepowerseparatearrangementciviliancourtparttimeBianTi，andleadershipinstituteofseveralcivilians

KeyADhoccommittee.Seatslessthanotherledtheoppositionpartiesoftheoppositionalsoenjoycertainrights.Overalllook，majorityleaderadministrativeandlegislation

Method，theoppositionisresponsibleforsupervisionandadministration.Byusingthemajority--oppositionrelationmode，theBritishparliamentMPStousethepursuitoffame,

Makethemaccordingtotheirpartiesundertakecorrespondingrelationshipbetweenconstitutionresponsibilities，broketheformerpoliticalpartysystemperiodgovernment-parliamentagainstrelationship，changeandtheformationofthemajority

Thepartyandthegovernment--theoppositionagainstrelations，politicalsituationandconstitutionalismrolecrossed.QuoteBritishmeltcertaintyequivalentmaximizationmodelrevealnationalparliamentsmostalsoprimers

WiththeBritishpioneeringmajority--theoppositionsystem.

6.Modernparliament'sresponsibility

Thefeudalmonarchy，theBritishcouncilistheresponsibilityofthepetitionrightthemselves，decidetocourt：

finance，legislation，supervisionpalace，trialrespondentswhowereentitledto.

Parliament