考研英语全真模拟题与答案解析二.docx
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考研英语全真模拟题与答案解析二
ManyforeignerswhohavenotvisitedBritaincallalltheinhabitantsEnglish,fortheyareusedtothinkingoftheBritishIslesasEngland.1,theBritishIslescontainavarietyofpeoples,andonlythepeopleofEnglandcallthemselvesEnglish.Theothers2tothemselvesasWelsh,Scottish,orIrish,3thecasemaybe;theyareoftenslightlyannoyed4beingclassifiedas“English”.
EveninEnglandtherearemany5inregionalcharacterandspeech.Thechief6isbetweensouthernEnglandandnorthernEngland.Southofa7goingfromBristoltoLondon,peoplespeakthetypeofEnglishusuallylearntbyforeignstudents,8therearelocalvariations.
Furthernorthregionalspeechisusually“9”thanthatofsouthernBritain.Northernersare10toclaimthattheyworkharderthanSoutherners,andaremore11.Theyareopen-heartedandhospitable;foreignersoftenfindthattheymakefriendswiththem12.Northernersgenerallyhavehearty13:
thevisitortoLancashireorYorkshire,forinstance,maylookforwardtoreceivinggenerous14atmealtimes.
InaccentandcharacterthepeopleoftheMidlands15agradualchangefromthesoutherntothenortherntypeofEnglishman.
InScotlandthesound16bytheletter“R”isgenerallyastrongsound,and“R”isoftenpronouncedinwordsinwhichitwouldbe17insouthernEnglish.TheScotsaresaidtobeaserious,cautious,thriftypeople,18inventiveandsomewhatmystical.AlltheCelticpeoplesofBritain(theWelsh,theIrish,theScots)arefrequently19asbeingmore“fiery”thantheEnglish.Theyare20aracethatisquitedistinctfromtheEnglish.(289words)
Notes:
fiery暴躁的,易怒的。
1.[A]Inconsequence[B]Inbrief[C]Ingeneral[D]Infact
2.[A]confine[B]attach[C]refer[D]add
3.[A]as[B]which[C]for[D]so
4.[A]with[B]by[C]at[D]for
5.[A]similarities[B]differences[C]certainties[D]features
6.[A]factor[B]virtue[C]privilege[D]division
7.[A]line[B]row[C]border[D]scale
8.[A]who[B]when[C]though[D]for
9.[A]wider[B]broader[C]rarer[D]scarcer
10.[A]used[B]apt[C]possible[D]probable
11.[A]perfect[B]notorious[C]superior[D]thorough
12.[A]swiftly[B]promptly[C]immediately[D]quickly
13.[A]appetites[B]tastes[C]interests[D]senses
14.[A]helpings[B]offerings[C]fillings[D]findings
15.[A]designate[B]demonstrate[C]represent[D]reckon
16.[A]delivered[B]denoted[C]depicted[D]defined
17.[A]quiet[B]obscure[C]faint[D]silent
18.[A]rather[B]still[C]somehow[D]even
19.[A]rendered[B]thought[C]impressed[D]described
20.[A]with[B]of[C]among[D]against
Text1
Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ournatureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.
Wecansafelysay,withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespectivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhierarchicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysatisfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.
Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbetweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstnature,adeviationfromthenorm.
Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women'splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,belongedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichotomybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved”.Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupeverydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnaturalinaman.
Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.(454words)
Notes:
pindown把…讲明确;确定。
immutable不可改变的。
dualism双重论。
divergence分歧,偏离。
overlapping部分巧合、一致。
time-honored由来已久的。
dichotomy一分为二,对立。
sequester使隔离。
becaughtupin被缠住于,如:
Heiscaughtupinthetrivia(琐事)ofeverydaythings.unduly过度地,不恰当地。
21.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat
[A]thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexes.
[B]theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuous.
[C]thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofculture.
[D]theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes.
22.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareerbecause
[A]thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestion.
[B]women'slibhasbeengoingonformanyyears.
[C]ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchanging.
[D]theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen'sroles.
23.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas
[A]preferable.
[B]prevalent.
[C]presumable.
[D]precedent.
24.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat
[A]femalepassivityisnatural.
[B]menandwomenarephysicallyidentical.
[C]menareborncompetitiveandaggressive.
[D]somedifferentsexidentityisacquired.
25.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?
[A]Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.
[B]Ambitionandself-fulfillment.
[C]Financialincentives. [D]Desireforasociallife.
Text2
ThedomesticeconomyintheUnitedStatesexpandedinaremarkablyvigorousandsteadyfashion.Therevivalinconsumerconfidencewasreflectedinthehigherproportionofincomesspentforgoodsandservicesandthemarkedincreaseinconsumerwillingnesstotakeoninstallmentdebt.Aparallelstrengtheninginbusinesspsychologywasmanifestedinastepped-uprateofplantandequipmentspendingandagradualpickupinexpensesforinventory.Confidenceintheeconomywasalsoreflectedinthestrengthofthestockmarketandinthestabilityofthebondmarket.Fortheyearasawhole,consumerandbusinesssentimentbenefitedfromtheeaseinEast-Westtensions.
Thebasesofthebusinessexpansionweretobefoundmainlyinthestimulativemonetaryandfiscalpoliciesthathadbeenpursued.Moreover,therestorationofsounderliquiditypositionsandtightermanagementcontrolofproductionefficiencyhadalsohelpedlaythegroundworkforastrongexpansion.Inaddition,theeconomicpolicymovesmadebythePresidenthadservedtorenewoptimismonthebusinessoutlookwhileboostinghopesthatinflationwouldbebroughtundermoreeffectivecontrol.Finally,ofcourse,theeconomywasabletogrowasvigorouslyasitdidbecausesufficientleewayexistedintermsofidlemenandmachines.
TheUnitedStatesbalanceofpaymentsdeficitdeclinedsharply.Nevertheless,byanyothertest,thedeficitremainedverylarge,andtherewasactuallyasubstantialdeteriorationinourtradeaccounttoasizabledeficit,almosttwo-thirdsofwhichwaswithJapan.Whiletheoveralltradeperformanceproveddisappointing,therearestillgoodreasonsforexpectingthedelayedimpactofdevaluationtoproduceintimeasignificantstrengtheninginourtradepicture.GiventhesizeoftheJapanesecomponentofourtradedeficit,however,theoutcomewilldependimportantlyontheextentofthecorrectivemeasuresundertakenbyJapan.AlsoimportantwillbeourowneffortsintheUnitedStatestofashioninternalpoliciesconsistentwithanimprovementinourexternalbalance.
Theunderlyingtaskofpublicpolicyfortheyearahead—andindeedforthelongerrun—remainedafamiliarone:
tostriketherightbalancebetweenencouraginghealthyeconomicgrowthandavoidinginflationarypressures.Withtheeconomyshowingsustainedandvigorousgrowth,andwiththecurrencycrisishighlightingtheneedtoimproveourcompetitivepostureinternationally,theemphasisseemedtobeshiftingtotheproblemofinflation.ThePhaseThreeprogramofwageandpricerestraintcancontributetoreducinginflation.Unlessproductivitygrowthisunexpectedlylarge,however,theexpansionofrealoutputmusteventuallybegintoslowdowntotheeconomy'slargerrungrowthpotentialifgeneralizeddemandpressuresonpricesaretobeavoided.(449words)
Notes:
inventory存货。
East-Westtensions