英语语音基础知识讲座.docx
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英语语音基础知识讲座
英语语音基础知识讲座
LectureonEnglishPronunciationandIntonation
国际音标INTERNATIONALPHONETICSYMBOLS(48)
元音:
(Vowels)
1.前元音:
(FrontVowels)
[i:
][I][e][æ]
2.后元音:
(BackVowels)
[ɑ:
][ɒ][ɔ:
][ʊ][u:
][Λ]
3.中元音(CentralVowels)
[з:
][ə]
4.双元音(Dipthongs)
[eI][əʊ][aI][aʊ]
[ɔI][Iə][ʊə][eə]
辅音:
(Consonants)
1.爆破音:
(PlosiveConsanates)
[p][b][t][d][k][ɡ]
2.鼻音:
(NasalConsonants)
[m][n][ŋ]
3.舌侧音:
(LateralConsonants)
[l]([ł])
4.摩擦音:
(FricativeConsonants)
[f][v][θ][ð][s][z]
[∫][ʒ][r][h]
5.破擦音:
(AfficateConsonants)
[ʧ][dʒ][ts][dz][tr][dr]
6.半元音:
(Semi-Vowels)
[w][j]
NOTICE
A:
气流从肺部发出,在口腔中不受到发音器官(如唇、齿、
舌、喉、鼻等)的阻碍,所发的音叫元音。
B:
气流从肺部发出,在口腔中受到发音器官(如唇、齿、
舌、喉、鼻等)的阻碍,所发的音叫辅音。
C:
发音时,声带振动的是浊音(元音都是浊音),声带不振
动的叫清音。
28个辅音中,清辅音11个,浊辅音17个。
REQUIREMENTS
A:
读准并牢记20个元音音标。
B:
区分清、浊辅音。
即[p][t][k][f][θ][s][∫][h]
[ʧ][ts][tr]以外,其余均为浊(辅)音。
读音规则
RULESFORPRONUNCIATION
辅音字母在单词中的读音
1.Bb
1)b[b]begbadbath
2)bb[b]rubberrobber
3)"mb"在词尾,"b"不发音tombclimb
combthumbbomb
4)"b"不发音debtdoubtdumbfound
2.Cc
1)c[k]cleancat
2)"c"在"i"、"e"、"y"前读[s]circlenice
bicycle
3)"c"在"ia"、"ie"、"ea"前常读[∫]
ancientsocialistmusicianocean
4)"cc"在"i"、"e"前读[ks]successaccident
在"a"、"o"、"u"前读[k]accordingoccupy
3.Dd
1)d[d]daydeath
2)dd[d]suddendaddy
3)“d”不发音:
handsomeWednesday
4)规则动词的过去式、过去分词“-ed”在清辅音([t]除外)后,读[t]washedwalked
在元音、浊辅音([d]除外)后,读[d]stayedclosed
在[t]、[d]后,读[id]wantedneeded
4.Ff
1)f[f]flyfoollifeproof但:
of[v]
2)ff[f]offofficeofficialoffercoffee
5.Gg
1)g[ɡ]glassdoggame
2)"g"在"i"、"e"、"y"前常读[dʒ]
oxygengeographyenergyengineer
3)"ge"在词尾常读[dʒ]largemarriagevillage
6.Hh
1)h[h]holdherohall
2)"h"不发音foreheadexhibitionhour
honestyhonourwhy
7.Jj
1)j[dʒ]jokejudgeJulyenjoy
8.Kk
1)k[k]kingkitecake
2)"kn"在词首,"k"不发音knowledgekneel
kneeknowknife
9.Ll
1)l[l]lazysilkshoulderalsosalty
2)ll[l]illkillmillcollectsell
3)"l"不发音talkchalkwalkhalfcalmfolkshouldcouldwould
10.Mm
1)m[m]meetmeattime
2)mm[m]summercommoncommunist
11.Nn
1)n[n]ninelinenight
2)"n"在[k]、[ɡ]前读[ŋ]thinkthankEnglishlanguage
3)"mn"在词尾,"n"不发音autumncolumn
4)nn[n]connect
12.Pp
1)p[p]pickpaper
2)pp[p]supposesupportsupper
13.Qq
"q"常与"u"一起出现,"qu"读[kw]
quickquiltquietquitequestionliquid但:
conquer[k]
14.Rr
1)r[r]roadredreadrealrailrat
2)rr[r]correctquarrelsorrow
15.Ss
1)"s"在词首,读[s]seaseatsit
2)"s"在两个元音字母之间常读[z]
musicvisitprisonpoisondesignpositionseasonresist
3)"s"在元音字母和不发音的"e"之间时,
即:
元+s+e(不发音)
A:
动词中,常读[z]riseraisecloseuselose
B:
名词,形容词中,常读[s]closeusebase
但:
noserosewisevase[z]
4)"s"在词中部时
A:
s+清辅音:
"s"读[s]listsisterrespect
B:
s+浊辅音:
"s"读[z]husband
5)"s"在"u"、"ia"前常读[∫]或[ʒ]sugarsureRussiapleasuresually
6)"s"在词尾,“元音+s”时,"s"可读[s]或[z]isbusus
7)动词,名词词尾加"s","es"时:
A:
"s"在清辅音后读[s]speaksroofs
B:
"s"在元音,浊辅音后读[z]playswalls
C:
"s"、"es"在[s][z][∫][ʧ][dʒ]后读[iz]glassesrealizesrushespages
8)ss[s]guesslessonpassengerprofessor
9)"s"不发音island
16.Tt
1)t[t]writetest
2)"t"在"ie"、"io"前常读[∫]patientstation
3)tt[t]attendattentivecattle
4)"t"不发音listenwhistleoftenmustn’twaistcoatChristmasfasten
17.Vv
v[v]veryviolinvoice
18.Ww
1)w[w]winwaste
2)"w"不发音answerswordwritewhole19.Xx
1)x[ks]exerciserelaxrelaxationexcuse
2)"x"后接元音,并重读时,读[ɡz]exampleexamexactly
20.Yy
y[j]yardyetyes
21.Zz
z[z]zerozoo
NOTICE
A:
辅音字母b、c、d、k、p、j、t、v在单词中读其字母名称音的前半部份。
B:
辅音字母f、l、m、n、s、x在单词中读其字母名称音的后半部份。
音节SYLLABLES
1.开音节(OpenSyllable):
A.绝对开音节:
"辅+元+(e(不发音))"
e.g.nomemylietoetie
B.相对开音节:
"元+辅("r"除外)+e(不发音")
e.g.faceminenote
2.闭音节(CloseSyllable):
"元+辅("r"除外)"
e.g.notitasbagbetmaths
3.“-r”音节(“-r”Syllable):
(元音字母分别与“r”构成的音节)
e.g.birdcarsportnurseserve
4.“-re”音节(“-re”Syllable):
(元音字母分别与“re”构成的音节)
e.g.Tirecareglarestorethere
5.字母组合音节:
e.g.newseeteachpiece
元音字母在单词中的读音
一.元音字母在重读音节中的读音
1.Aa
1) "a"在开音节中读[eI]
e.g.gateracelatecamemake但:
have[æ]
2)"a"在闭音节中读[æ]
e.g.planragsadcatmad
3)"a"在[w]后常读[ɒ]
e.g.wantwashwhatqualityquantityquarrel
但:
water[ɔ:
]
4)"a"在-ss,-st,-sp,-sk,-th,-f,-n前常读[ɑ:
]
e.g.grassgrasppasttaskpathafterdance
5)"a"在-ny前常读[e]e.g.anymany
6)"a"在-tion,-ble,-ste,-nge前常读[eI]
e.g.stationtablewastetastechange
2.Ee
1)"e"在开音节中读[i:
]
e.g.heshemethese
2)"e"在闭音节中读[e]
e.g.netbetyestellneckrest
3.Ii(Yy)
1) "i"(y)在开音节中读[aI]
e.g.tielikebikewhybytypebye
但:
givelive[Ι]
2)"i"(y)在闭音节中读[Ι]
e.g.bititinthinwinsystemsyllable
3)"i"在词尾的-ild,-ind中常读[aI]
e.g.childkindmindfindwind(v.)但:
wind(n.)[Ι]
4.Oo
1)"o"在开音节中读[əʊ]
e.g.stonetoenohomenote
但:
to,do,who,move,shoe[u:
]
2) "o"在闭音节中读[ɒ]e.g.notshopsofttopdot
3)"o"在词尾的-old,-ost中常读[əʊ]
e.g.coldgoldoldpostmost但:
cost[ɒ]
4)"o"在m,n,v,th前常读[ʌ]
e.g.governlovesondoneamongcomecomfortsomemotherbrothermoney
但:
stove[əʊ]moveimprove[u:
]
5)不规则:
e.g.bothcomb[əʊ]tomb[u:
]
5.Uu
1)u在开音节中读[ju:
]e.g.usetuberefusediffuse
2)u在l、r、j后常读[u:
]e.g.bluerulerudetrueJune
3)u在闭音节中[ʌ]或[ʊ]e.g.sunupmustuncleclubputpull
4)不规则:
e.g.busy[I]bury[e]
总结:
元音字母在重读开闭音节中的读音
元音字母
Aa
Ee
Ii(Yy)
Oo
Uu
开音节
[eI]
[i:
]
[aI]
[əʊ]
[ju:
]
闭音节
[æ]
[e]
[Ι]
[ɒ]
[ʌ][ʊ]
NOTICE:
元音字母在重读开音节中读长音,在重读闭音节中读短音。
"-r"音节在重读音节中的读音规则
-r音节
ar
or
er
ir
ur
读音
[ɑ:
]
[ɔ:
]
[з:
]
[з:
]
[з:
]
例词
car
sport
nerve
girl
nurse
NOTICE:
1)"ar"在[w]后读[ɔ:
]e.g.warwarmthwarn
2)"or"在[w]后读[з:
]e.g.wormwordworse
3)"-r"音节在非重读音节中均读[ə]
e.g.murmurparticulargovernorforgetteacher
-re音节在重读音节中的读音规则
-re音节
are
ere
ore
ire(yre)
ure
读音
[eə]
[Iə][eə]
[ɔ:
]
[aIə]
[ʊə][juə]
例词
glare
herethere
store
tire
surecure
NOTICE:
are[ɑ:
]were[з:
]是
二.元音字母在非重读音节的读音
1.Aa
1)a[ə]chinaagainafraidaheadalivecinema
2)"a+辅+e(不发音)"时,"a"常读[Ι]
palacevillagecomradeseparate(adj.)
在动词中,"a"在这种情况下读[eI]liberateseparate(v.)celebratehibernateoperate
2.Ee
1)e[ə]problemsilentopenmoment
2)e[Ι]planetperfectwallet
3)"e"在前、后缀的非重读音节中读[Ι]
wantedtallestillnessrepeatreturnprepare
3.Ii(Yy)
1)i(y)[Ι]citybicycleofficesingingsplendidpractical
2)i[ə]possibleholiayterriblehorrible
3)"y"在动词词尾读[aI]satisfyhorrifyterrifybeautifyoccupymodify但:
study
4.Oo
1)o[ə]seldomconsiderconditioncommon
2)o在词尾读[əʊ]photoradiopianotomatoalso
5.Uu
1)u[ə]supposesuggestsuccessautumn
2)u[ju]occupycommunismJanuaryvaluable
3)u在l、r、j后读[ʊ]Julyinstrument
4)u在词尾的ute,ude中常读[ju:
]instituteattitude
Note
元音字母在非重读音节中多数情况下读[ə][I][ʊ]
元音字母组合在单词中的读音
一.元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
1.a+其它字母
al[ɔ:
]talkchalkwalk
al[ɔ:
l]saltalsoalmostalways
al在f,m,前常读[ɑ:
]halfcalmpalm
all[ɔ:
l]allballfalltallwallsmall
au,augh[ɔ:
]faultautumncausepauseAugust
daughternaughtytaughtcaught但:
laughaunt
aw[ɔ:
]lawlawyerdrawsawsawmill
ai,aigh,ay[eI]straittrainrainmainrailwait
waiterstraightdayraygraystayplay
air[eə]airfairrepairhairchairstairupstairs
2.e+其它字母
ea[i:
]meatmeanteamweavepeace
ea[e]meantsweatsweaterbreadbreakfast
ea[eI]greatgreatlybreak
ea[Iə]realreallytheatreidea
ee[i:
]sweetmeetbeeseeneed
ei[i:
]receiveceilingseize
ei[aI]eitherneither
eigh[eI]eightneighbourweightweighweighty
ey[eI]theygreyobey
ew[ju:
]newsfewdew但:
sew[əʊ]
ew在l、r、j后常读[u:
]blewJewthrewgrew
ear[Iə]hearnearfeareartear(n.)
ear[eə]wearbeartear(v.)
ear后接辅音字母时,读[з:
]
heardsearchresearchearlyearthlearn
但:
heart[ɑ:
]
eer[Iə]cheerengineerpioneerdeerbeer
eir[eə]their
3.o+其它字母
oa[əʊ]coatgoatboatfloatsoap
oy[ɔI]boyenjoyjoytoy
oi[ɔI]oilsoilboilvoicenoise
oul[ʊ]couldwouldshould但:
shoulder[əʊl]
oo在爆破音前常读[ʊ]footfootballgoodstoodbooklookwood
但:
bootshootrootfood[u:
]
oo在l,m,n,f,th前以及词尾时,读[u:
]zoocooloo
bambootoothcoolbloomsoonproofroom[u(:
)]
oo[ʌ]floodblood
oor[ɔ:
]floordoor但:
poor[ʊə]
oar[ɔ:
]boardaboard
ou[aʊ]houseloudaloudfoundsoundsouth但:
soul[əʊ]
ou[ʌ]countryyoungdoubleroughtoughsouthern
ou[u:
]youthgroupwoundsoup
ough[ɔ:
]boughtthought但:
though[əʊ]through[u:
]
our[ɔ:
]fourpour
our[aʊə]ourshour
ow[aʊ]nowhowbow(v.)cow
ow[əʊ]showbow(n.)slowgrowthrow
ower[aʊə]powerflowershower
4.i+其它字母
ig[aI]signdesign
igh[aI]sightslightsighlighttightbright
ia[aIə]d