英语语音基础知识讲座.docx

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英语语音基础知识讲座.docx

英语语音基础知识讲座

英语语音基础知识讲座

LectureonEnglishPronunciationandIntonation

国际音标INTERNATIONALPHONETICSYMBOLS(48)

元音:

(Vowels)

1.前元音:

(FrontVowels)

[i:

][I][e][æ]

2.后元音:

(BackVowels)

[ɑ:

][ɒ][ɔ:

][ʊ][u:

][Λ]

3.中元音(CentralVowels)

[з:

][ə]

4.双元音(Dipthongs)

[eI][əʊ][aI][aʊ]

[ɔI][Iə][ʊə][eə]

辅音:

(Consonants)

1.爆破音:

(PlosiveConsanates)

[p][b][t][d][k][ɡ]

2.鼻音:

(NasalConsonants)

[m][n][ŋ]

3.舌侧音:

(LateralConsonants)

[l]([ł])

4.摩擦音:

(FricativeConsonants)

[f][v][θ][ð][s][z]

[∫][ʒ][r][h]

5.破擦音:

(AfficateConsonants)

[ʧ][dʒ][ts][dz][tr][dr]

6.半元音:

(Semi-Vowels)

[w][j]

NOTICE

A:

气流从肺部发出,在口腔中不受到发音器官(如唇、齿、

舌、喉、鼻等)的阻碍,所发的音叫元音。

B:

气流从肺部发出,在口腔中受到发音器官(如唇、齿、

舌、喉、鼻等)的阻碍,所发的音叫辅音。

C:

发音时,声带振动的是浊音(元音都是浊音),声带不振

动的叫清音。

28个辅音中,清辅音11个,浊辅音17个。

REQUIREMENTS

A:

读准并牢记20个元音音标。

B:

区分清、浊辅音。

即[p][t][k][f][θ][s][∫][h]

[ʧ][ts][tr]以外,其余均为浊(辅)音。

读音规则

RULESFORPRONUNCIATION

辅音字母在单词中的读音

1.Bb

1)b[b]begbadbath

2)bb[b]rubberrobber

3)"mb"在词尾,"b"不发音tombclimb

combthumbbomb

4)"b"不发音debtdoubtdumbfound

2.Cc

1)c[k]cleancat

2)"c"在"i"、"e"、"y"前读[s]circlenice

bicycle

3)"c"在"ia"、"ie"、"ea"前常读[∫]

ancientsocialistmusicianocean

4)"cc"在"i"、"e"前读[ks]successaccident

在"a"、"o"、"u"前读[k]accordingoccupy

3.Dd

1)d[d]daydeath

2)dd[d]suddendaddy

3)“d”不发音:

handsomeWednesday

4)规则动词的过去式、过去分词“-ed”在清辅音([t]除外)后,读[t]washedwalked

在元音、浊辅音([d]除外)后,读[d]stayedclosed

在[t]、[d]后,读[id]wantedneeded

4.Ff

1)f[f]flyfoollifeproof但:

of[v]

2)ff[f]offofficeofficialoffercoffee

5.Gg

1)g[ɡ]glassdoggame

2)"g"在"i"、"e"、"y"前常读[dʒ]

oxygengeographyenergyengineer

3)"ge"在词尾常读[dʒ]largemarriagevillage

6.Hh

1)h[h]holdherohall

2)"h"不发音foreheadexhibitionhour

honestyhonourwhy

7.Jj

1)j[dʒ]jokejudgeJulyenjoy

8.Kk

1)k[k]kingkitecake

2)"kn"在词首,"k"不发音knowledgekneel

kneeknowknife

9.Ll

1)l[l]lazysilkshoulderalsosalty

2)ll[l]illkillmillcollectsell

3)"l"不发音talkchalkwalkhalfcalmfolkshouldcouldwould

10.Mm

1)m[m]meetmeattime

2)mm[m]summercommoncommunist

11.Nn

1)n[n]ninelinenight

2)"n"在[k]、[ɡ]前读[ŋ]thinkthankEnglishlanguage

3)"mn"在词尾,"n"不发音autumncolumn

4)nn[n]connect

12.Pp

1)p[p]pickpaper

2)pp[p]supposesupportsupper

13.Qq

"q"常与"u"一起出现,"qu"读[kw]

quickquiltquietquitequestionliquid但:

conquer[k]

14.Rr

1)r[r]roadredreadrealrailrat

2)rr[r]correctquarrelsorrow

15.Ss

1)"s"在词首,读[s]seaseatsit

2)"s"在两个元音字母之间常读[z]

musicvisitprisonpoisondesignpositionseasonresist

3)"s"在元音字母和不发音的"e"之间时,

即:

元+s+e(不发音)

A:

动词中,常读[z]riseraisecloseuselose

B:

名词,形容词中,常读[s]closeusebase

但:

noserosewisevase[z]

4)"s"在词中部时

A:

s+清辅音:

"s"读[s]listsisterrespect

B:

s+浊辅音:

"s"读[z]husband

5)"s"在"u"、"ia"前常读[∫]或[ʒ]sugarsureRussiapleasuresually

6)"s"在词尾,“元音+s”时,"s"可读[s]或[z]isbusus

7)动词,名词词尾加"s","es"时:

A:

"s"在清辅音后读[s]speaksroofs

B:

"s"在元音,浊辅音后读[z]playswalls

C:

"s"、"es"在[s][z][∫][ʧ][dʒ]后读[iz]glassesrealizesrushespages

8)ss[s]guesslessonpassengerprofessor

9)"s"不发音island

16.Tt

1)t[t]writetest

2)"t"在"ie"、"io"前常读[∫]patientstation

3)tt[t]attendattentivecattle

4)"t"不发音listenwhistleoftenmustn’twaistcoatChristmasfasten

17.Vv

v[v]veryviolinvoice

18.Ww

1)w[w]winwaste

2)"w"不发音answerswordwritewhole19.Xx

1)x[ks]exerciserelaxrelaxationexcuse

 2)"x"后接元音,并重读时,读[ɡz]exampleexamexactly

20.Yy

y[j]yardyetyes

21.Zz

z[z]zerozoo

NOTICE

A:

辅音字母b、c、d、k、p、j、t、v在单词中读其字母名称音的前半部份。

B:

辅音字母f、l、m、n、s、x在单词中读其字母名称音的后半部份。

音节SYLLABLES

1.开音节(OpenSyllable):

A.绝对开音节:

"辅+元+(e(不发音))"

e.g.nomemylietoetie

B.相对开音节:

"元+辅("r"除外)+e(不发音")

e.g.faceminenote

2.闭音节(CloseSyllable):

"元+辅("r"除外)"

e.g.notitasbagbetmaths

3.“-r”音节(“-r”Syllable):

(元音字母分别与“r”构成的音节)

e.g.birdcarsportnurseserve

4.“-re”音节(“-re”Syllable):

(元音字母分别与“re”构成的音节)

e.g.Tirecareglarestorethere

5.字母组合音节:

e.g.newseeteachpiece

元音字母在单词中的读音

一.元音字母在重读音节中的读音

1.Aa

1)  "a"在开音节中读[eI]

e.g.gateracelatecamemake但:

have[æ]

2)"a"在闭音节中读[æ]

e.g.planragsadcatmad

3)"a"在[w]后常读[ɒ]

e.g.wantwashwhatqualityquantityquarrel

但:

water[ɔ:

]

4)"a"在-ss,-st,-sp,-sk,-th,-f,-n前常读[ɑ:

]

e.g.grassgrasppasttaskpathafterdance

5)"a"在-ny前常读[e]e.g.anymany

6)"a"在-tion,-ble,-ste,-nge前常读[eI]

e.g.stationtablewastetastechange

2.Ee

1)"e"在开音节中读[i:

]

e.g.heshemethese

2)"e"在闭音节中读[e]

e.g.netbetyestellneckrest

3.Ii(Yy)

1)  "i"(y)在开音节中读[aI]

e.g.tielikebikewhybytypebye

但:

givelive[Ι]

2)"i"(y)在闭音节中读[Ι]

e.g.bititinthinwinsystemsyllable

3)"i"在词尾的-ild,-ind中常读[aI]

e.g.childkindmindfindwind(v.)但:

wind(n.)[Ι]

4.Oo

1)"o"在开音节中读[əʊ]

e.g.stonetoenohomenote

但:

to,do,who,move,shoe[u:

]

2)  "o"在闭音节中读[ɒ]e.g.notshopsofttopdot

3)"o"在词尾的-old,-ost中常读[əʊ]

e.g.coldgoldoldpostmost但:

cost[ɒ]

4)"o"在m,n,v,th前常读[ʌ]

e.g.governlovesondoneamongcomecomfortsomemotherbrothermoney

但:

stove[əʊ]moveimprove[u:

]

5)不规则:

e.g.bothcomb[əʊ]tomb[u:

]

5.Uu

1)u在开音节中读[ju:

]e.g.usetuberefusediffuse

2)u在l、r、j后常读[u:

]e.g.bluerulerudetrueJune

3)u在闭音节中[ʌ]或[ʊ]e.g.sunupmustuncleclubputpull

4)不规则:

e.g.busy[I]bury[e]

总结:

元音字母在重读开闭音节中的读音

元音字母

Aa

Ee

Ii(Yy)

Oo

Uu

开音节

[eI]

[i:

]

[aI]

[əʊ]

[ju:

]

闭音节

[æ]

[e]

[Ι]

[ɒ]

[ʌ][ʊ]

NOTICE:

元音字母在重读开音节中读长音,在重读闭音节中读短音。

"-r"音节在重读音节中的读音规则

-r音节

ar

or

er

ir

ur

读音

[ɑ:

]

[ɔ:

]

[з:

]

[з:

]

[з:

]

例词

car

sport

nerve

girl

nurse

NOTICE:

1)"ar"在[w]后读[ɔ:

]e.g.warwarmthwarn

2)"or"在[w]后读[з:

]e.g.wormwordworse

3)"-r"音节在非重读音节中均读[ə]

e.g.murmurparticulargovernorforgetteacher

-re音节在重读音节中的读音规则

-re音节

are

ere

ore

ire(yre)

ure

读音

[eə]

[Iə][eə]

[ɔ:

]

[aIə]

[ʊə][juə]

例词

glare

herethere

store

tire

surecure

NOTICE:

are[ɑ:

]were[з:

]是

二.元音字母在非重读音节的读音

1.Aa

1)a[ə]chinaagainafraidaheadalivecinema

2)"a+辅+e(不发音)"时,"a"常读[Ι]

palacevillagecomradeseparate(adj.)

在动词中,"a"在这种情况下读[eI]liberateseparate(v.)celebratehibernateoperate

2.Ee

1)e[ə]problemsilentopenmoment

2)e[Ι]planetperfectwallet

3)"e"在前、后缀的非重读音节中读[Ι]

wantedtallestillnessrepeatreturnprepare

3.Ii(Yy)

1)i(y)[Ι]citybicycleofficesingingsplendidpractical

2)i[ə]possibleholiayterriblehorrible

3)"y"在动词词尾读[aI]satisfyhorrifyterrifybeautifyoccupymodify但:

study

4.Oo

1)o[ə]seldomconsiderconditioncommon

2)o在词尾读[əʊ]photoradiopianotomatoalso

5.Uu

1)u[ə]supposesuggestsuccessautumn

2)u[ju]occupycommunismJanuaryvaluable

3)u在l、r、j后读[ʊ]Julyinstrument

4)u在词尾的ute,ude中常读[ju:

]instituteattitude

Note

元音字母在非重读音节中多数情况下读[ə][I][ʊ]

元音字母组合在单词中的读音

一.元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音

1.a+其它字母

al[ɔ:

]talkchalkwalk

al[ɔ:

l]saltalsoalmostalways

al在f,m,前常读[ɑ:

]halfcalmpalm

all[ɔ:

l]allballfalltallwallsmall

au,augh[ɔ:

]faultautumncausepauseAugust

daughternaughtytaughtcaught但:

laughaunt

aw[ɔ:

]lawlawyerdrawsawsawmill

ai,aigh,ay[eI]straittrainrainmainrailwait

waiterstraightdayraygraystayplay

air[eə]airfairrepairhairchairstairupstairs

2.e+其它字母

ea[i:

]meatmeanteamweavepeace

ea[e]meantsweatsweaterbreadbreakfast

ea[eI]greatgreatlybreak

ea[Iə]realreallytheatreidea

ee[i:

]sweetmeetbeeseeneed

ei[i:

]receiveceilingseize

ei[aI]eitherneither

eigh[eI]eightneighbourweightweighweighty

ey[eI]theygreyobey

ew[ju:

]newsfewdew但:

sew[əʊ]

ew在l、r、j后常读[u:

]blewJewthrewgrew

ear[Iə]hearnearfeareartear(n.)

ear[eə]wearbeartear(v.)

ear后接辅音字母时,读[з:

]

heardsearchresearchearlyearthlearn

但:

heart[ɑ:

]

eer[Iə]cheerengineerpioneerdeerbeer

eir[eə]their

3.o+其它字母

oa[əʊ]coatgoatboatfloatsoap

oy[ɔI]boyenjoyjoytoy

oi[ɔI]oilsoilboilvoicenoise

oul[ʊ]couldwouldshould但:

shoulder[əʊl]

oo在爆破音前常读[ʊ]footfootballgoodstoodbooklookwood

但:

bootshootrootfood[u:

]

oo在l,m,n,f,th前以及词尾时,读[u:

]zoocooloo

bambootoothcoolbloomsoonproofroom[u(:

)]

oo[ʌ]floodblood

oor[ɔ:

]floordoor但:

poor[ʊə]

oar[ɔ:

]boardaboard

ou[aʊ]houseloudaloudfoundsoundsouth但:

soul[əʊ]

ou[ʌ]countryyoungdoubleroughtoughsouthern

ou[u:

]youthgroupwoundsoup

ough[ɔ:

]boughtthought但:

though[əʊ]through[u:

]

our[ɔ:

]fourpour

our[aʊə]ourshour

ow[aʊ]nowhowbow(v.)cow

ow[əʊ]showbow(n.)slowgrowthrow

ower[aʊə]powerflowershower

4.i+其它字母

ig[aI]signdesign

igh[aI]sightslightsighlighttightbright

ia[aIə]d

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