《国际贸易》芬斯特拉版人大版练习题答案03.pdf

《国际贸易》芬斯特拉版人大版练习题答案03.pdf

《《国际贸易》芬斯特拉版人大版练习题答案03.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《国际贸易》芬斯特拉版人大版练习题答案03.pdf（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

GainsandLossesfromTradeintheSpecific-FactorsModel1.Whyisthespecific-factorsmodelreferredtoasashort-runmodel?

Answer:

Itisashort-runmodelbecauselandandcapitalarespecifictoaparticularsectorandonlylaborismobilebetweenthesectors.2.Figure3-7presentswagesinthemanufacturingandservicessectorsfortheperiod1973to2009.IsthedifferenceinwagesacrosssectorsconsistentwitheithertheRicardianmodelstudiedinChapter2orthespecific-factorsmodel?

Explainwhyorwhynot.Answer:

Thedifferenceinwagesacrossthesectorsimpliesthatthetheoreticalas-sumptionofequalizedearningsbetweenthedifferentindustriesisasimplificationoftheRicardianandspecific-factorsmodels.3.Inthegainsfromtradediagram（Figure3-3）,supposethatinsteadofhavingariseintherelativepriceofmanufactures,thereisafallinthatrelativeprice.a.StartingattheautarkypointAinFigure3-3,showwhatwouldhappentopro-ductionandconsumption.Answer:

S-193U1U2ABCOutputofmanufacturing,QMOutputofagriculture,QAAsseeninthepreviousdiagram,afallintherelativepriceofmanufacturesisshownbythesmallerslope（inabsolutevalue）oftheinternationalpriceline.ThecountryproducesatpointB,atwhichtheinternationalpricelineintersectsitsPPF.Thehigherrelativepriceofagricultureattractsworkersintothatsectorsuchthattheoutputofagricultureincreasesandtheoutputofmanufacturedgoodsdecreases.Nowthehighestlevelofutilityisachievedwherethehighestpossibleindifferencecurveintersectswiththenewpriceline（atC）.Theincreaseinutilitysignifiedbythehigherindifferencecurveisameasureofgainsfromtrade.b.Whichgoodisexportedandwhichisimported?

Answer:

Thedecreaseintherelativepriceofmanufacturesinthetradeequilib-rium（comparedwithautarky）alsomeansthatthecountryisimportingmanu-facturedgoodsandexportingagriculturalgoods.c.Explainwhytheoverallgainsfromtradearestillpositive.Answer:

Overallgainsfromtradearestillpositivebecausethecountryisabletosellagricultureatahigherpriceandbuymanufacturedgoodsatalowerpricethanitcouldhaveinautarky.Thefactthattherelativeprice（ofmanufacturedgoods）fellwithtradeindicatesthattheforeigncountrysautarkyrelativepricewaslower.Thatis,inthiscasethecountryhasacomparativeadvantageinagri-culture.InFigure3-4,thecaseillustratedisoneinwhichthecountryhasacom-parativeadvantageinmanufacturinggoodsandthustheirexportleadstoanin-creaseintheirrelativeprice.4.Startingfromequilibriuminthespecific-factorsmodel,supposethepriceofmanu-facturedgoodsfallssothatwagesfallfromW?

toWinFigure3-5.a.Showthatthepercentagefallinwagesislessthanthepercentagefallinthepriceofmanufacturing,sothattherealwageoflaborintermsofmanufacturedgoodsgoesup.Answer:

Asseeninthediagram,boththepriceofmanufacturedgoodsandthewagesde-crease.Thekeytothisexerciseistorealizethattheverticaldistanceofthede-creaseinwageislessthantheverticaldistanceof?

PM?

MPLM.Therefore:

?

PM?

MPLM?

WS-20SolutionsChapter3GainsandLossesfromTradeintheSpecific-FactorsModelWageWW?

PMMPLMPM?

MPLMPMMPL0MLM0ALALL?

L?

where?

Wrepresentsthechangeinwage.Dividingbothsidesbytheinitialwage（W?

PM?

MPLM）:

?

PM/PM?

W/WThisisthedesiredresult:

thepercentagefallinthewageislessthanthepercent-agefallinthepriceofmanufacturing,sothattherealwageoflaborintermsofmanufacturedgoodsgoesup.b.Whathappenstotherealwageoflaborintermsofagriculture?

Answer:

Becausethewagedecreasesandthepriceofagriculturalgoodsremainsthesame,theamountofagriculturalgoodsthatcanbeboughtbylaborde-creases.Thatis,realwagedecreasesintermsofagriculture.c.Areworkersbetteroff,worseoff,oristheoutcomeambiguous?

Answer:

Becausetherealwageincreaseswithrespecttomanufacturedgoodsanddecreaseswithrespecttoagriculture,theoutcomewillbeambiguousforworkers.Forsome,whoprefertopurchasealotofagriculture,thepricechangemeansanoveralllossintermsofhowmuchtheycanbuy.Others,whoprefertobuymainlymanufacturedgoods,gainintermsofhowmuchtheycanbuy.5.Usethefollowinginformationtoanswerthequestionsbelow:

Manufacturing:

Salesrevenue?

PM?

QM?

150Paymentstolabor?

W?

LM?

100Paymentstocapital?

RK?

K?

50Agriculture:

Salesrevenue?

PA?

QA?

150Paymentstolabor?

W?

LA?

50Paymentstoland?

RT?

T?

100Holdingthepriceofmanufacturingconstant,supposetheincreaseinthepriceofagricultureis10%andtheincreaseinthewageis5%.a.Determinetheimpactoftheincreaseinthepriceofagricultureontherentalonlandandtherentaloncapital.Answer:

Rentalonlandcanbecalculatedasfollows:

?

RR_TT?

RR_TT?

12.5%Recallingthatthepriceofmanufacturingremainedconstant,wegettherentaloncapitalas?

RK?

0?

QM?

K?

W?

LM?

RRKK?

_?

WW?

WRK?

LKM?

RRKK?

5%?

15000?

10%.（?

PA/PA）?

PA?

QA?

（?

W/W）?