教学课件-任务型学术写作(第二版).ppt

教学课件-任务型学术写作(第二版).ppt

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UnitOne,WritingUpaResearchProposal,Taskobjective,Inthisunityouwilllearnhowtoproducearesearchproposal.开题报告大致包括以下几方面的内容：

TaskObjective,1.论文题目（researchtitle）2.研究本论题的动机（researchmotivation）3.论文拟解决的问题以及作者的假设（statementofproblemandhypotheses）4.研究本论题意义及价值（significanceoftheresearch）5.国内外同行业对该论题的研究现状（literaturereview）6.论题研究步骤和手段（researchapproachormethodology）7.研究中存在的局限性（researchlimitations）8.撰写论文工作的计划与安排（researchplanning）9.参考文献（references）10.图表及附录（tablesandappendix）,TaskPreparation1,FilloutthetablebrieflyafterreadingSample1HigherEducationFaculty:

SatisfactionwithOnlineTeaching.,TaskPreparation1,Keys:

Themainpurposeofthisstudyistoconductexploratoryqualitativeresearchtoinvestigateonlinefacultymembersteachingphilosophiesandwhatcontributestoorinhibitstheirsatisfactionwithonlineteaching.,1.Whatelementscontributetoorinhibitsatisfactionwithonlineteachingforfacultymembers?

2.Whataretherelationshipsamongtheelementsthatcontributetoorinhibitonlinefacultymemberssatisfactionwithonlineteaching?

ThisstudywillcontributetoanunderstandingofthefactorsthatcontributetothejobsatisfactionofhighereducationfacultymemberspioneeringasteachersintherapidlyexpandingandchangingWeb-basededucationalenvironments.,Thephenomenonoffacultyjobsatisfactionneedstobestudiedasitnaturallyoccurswithoutmanipulationorcontrolofvariables.Thedatagatheredineachsettingareverydependentonthesecontexts.Therefore,thegeneralizabilityofthefindingswillbelimited.,2.AnswerthequestionsasbrieflyaspossibleafterreadingSample2PovertyAlleviationinNigeria:

THEMicrofinanceApproach,TaskPreparation2,1.Whatsthesignificanceoftheresearch?

2.Whataretheresearchquestionsmentionedinthisproposal?

3.Whataretheobjectivesofthisresearch?

4.Whowillbenefitfromtheresearch?

5.Whowillbesampledbyresearcherstocollectdataforthisresearch?

1.Whatsthesignificanceoftheresearch?

2.Whataretheresearchquestionsmentionedinthisproposal?

3.Whataretheobjectivesofthisresearch?

Keys:

ThisstudyissignificanttodecipheringmicrofinanceinstitutionsrolesinalleviatingpovertywithinSagamuLocalGovernmentAreainNigeria.,Tworesearchquestionswillbetreatedinthisstudy.ThefirstoneisabouthowmicrofinanceschemesalleviatepovertyinNigeria.AndthesecondoneisabouthowmicrofinanceinstitutionsunderstandtheconceptofmicrofinanceinNigeria.,Twoobjectivesareproposedinthisresearch.ThefirstoneistoexaminetheroleofmicrofinanceschemesinpovertyalleviationinNigeria.Thesecondoneistoclarifytheconceptofmicrofinanceforabetterunderstandingbyinstitutionsandbeneficiaries.,4.Whowillbenefitfromtheresearch?

5.Whowillbesampledbyresearcherstocollectdataforthisresearch?

Thestudywillbeusefultothemicroandmediumscaleenterprisesthatrequireorusemicrofinancebanks,thepoorinNigeria（especiallySagamusettlers）whomaynotbeawareofthemicrofinanceoptionsavailabletothemandhavemissedoutonseveralopportunitiestoliftthemselvesoutofthepovertyrot,andbyextensionthemicrofinanceinstitutionswhichservesthisfundamentalpurpose.,Theresearcherwillsampleofficialsofmicrofinanceinstitutions,localgovernmentofficialsandbeneficiaries（expectedandcurrent）ofpovertyalleviationprogrammes.,DecidethefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalseafterreadingSample3EffectsofInternalControlSystemsonFinancialPerformanceinanInstitutionofHigherLearninginUganda,TaskPreparation3,1.ThepurposeofthisresearchistoestablishtherelationshipbetweeninternalcontrolsystemsandfinancialperformanceinanInstitutionofHigherLearninginUganda.2.TheresearchwillfocusonboththecenterandaffiliatedinstitutionsinUgandaMartyrsUniversity.3.ThesignificanceofthestudyisthatitwillhelpfindoutproblemswithinthesystemsofinternalcontrolinInstitutionsofHigherLearninginUganda.4.OneoftheresearchershypothesesisthataninternalauditfunctionispositivelyrelatedwiththefinancialperformanceofInstitutionsofHigherLearninginUganda.5.ThefinancialperformanceofUgandaMartyrsUniversityhasalwaysbeeningreatshapesinceitsinception.,T,T,F,F,F,Databank,Practicethesepatternsandexpressionsoftenusedinwritingaproposal.,1.1研究目的、问题及假设:

一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时，如：

1）Thefollowingresearchquestionsandobjectiveswillbetreatedinthisstudy.2）Themainpurposeofthisstudyistoconductexploratoryqualitativeresearchtoinvestigateonlinefacultymembersteachingphilosophiesandwhatcontributestoorinhibitstheirsatisfactionwithonlineteaching.3）Theintentofthisstudyistodesignanddevelopacomputer-basedlearningenvironmentintheformofadigitalgame.4）Oneofthekeyquestionsguidingthisinquiryiswhatelementscontributetoorinhibitsatisfactionwithonlineteachingforfacultymembers?

5）Thefocusoftheresearchisonhowaproblem-basedlearning（PBL）digitalgamemaybeabletopromotecontinuingmotivationtolearnscience.Thus,therearethreeaspectstothisresearchthatcometogetherinameaningfulway.6）Thehypothesesareasfollows.7）Thefollowingresearchhypothesesisbasicallyderivedfromtheavailableliteraturebutrefinedtosuitthescenarioathand.8）Inparticulartheresearcherwillfocusonthefollowingspecificobjectives.,1.2研究本论题意义及价值:

一般现在时、现在完成时、将来时，如：

1）Thisstudyissignificanttodecipheringtheirrolesinalleviatingpovertywithinthelocalgovernment.2）Thestudywill,therefore,beusefultothemicroandmediumscaleenterprises.3）Theinformationtobegainedthroughthisstudyhasprofoundmeritforacademiciansaswellasbasicandappliedscienceresearchers.4）ItisalsotheresearchersbeliefthatinvaluablebenefitstomanagementandthosechargedwithgovernanceinInstitutionsofHigherLearningwillemerge.5）Thestudywillalsoaddtotheexistingknowledgebankregardinginternalcontrols.6）Possiblebenefitsofthisresearchincludecontributingtoabetterunderstandingofonlinefacultymembers.7）Thepotentialbenefitstobegainedbypersonsparticipatinginthisstudyare8）Thestudiesconductedtoexploretheneeds,desires,dreams,andfrustrationsofonlinefacultywillhelpustobetterunderstandwhatmakethemsatisfiedwiththeirworkinWeb-basedlearningenvironments.,1.3该论题的研究现状（文献综述）:

一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时，如：

1）Proponentsofmicrofinanceagreethatithasthetendencytobreakpovertysviciouscycle.2）OntheotherhandarecriticssuchasDaleAdamsofOhioStateUniversitywhoquestionedtherationalebehindthegoalsandexpectations.3）Moststudiesonpovertyalleviationandmicrofinanceconcentratedonwomen.4）BackgroundliteraturerelatedtojobsatisfactionanddynamicsoffacultyparticipationinWeb-baseddistanceeducationisexamined,toprovidegroundingrelatedtotheresearchquestionsofthisstudy.5）Thereviewofliteratureisdividedintothreesections.6）AccordingtoShola（2008:

496）,“thepervasivenessandpersistenceofpovertyinNigeriaisamassivebetrayalofherrichresourcebase.”7）Bangladesh,beingthetraditionalhomeofmicrofinancedevelopment,haswitnessedincreasedstudies.8）Thestudypositsthat40%ofBangladeshicitizenslivebelowthepovertyline.,1.4研究方法及步骤:

一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时，如：

1）Qualitativemethodswillbeusedinthisexploratorystudytoexploreinteractionsrelatedtothecommonexperiencesofhighereducationfacultymembers2）Qualitativemethodsarethebestchoiceforthisresearchbecausequalitativemethodsallowtheresearchertolistentotheviewsoftheresearchparticipants,whilefocusingonthenaturalsettingorcontext.3）Qualitativeresearchmethodsareunsurpassedforresearchproblemswherethevariablesareunknownandneedtobeexplored.4）Thisstudyissituatedwithinaconstructivistparadigm.5）Design-basedresearch（DBR）istheresearchparadigmusedinthisstudy.6）Manyresearchersinmotivationrecognizethebenefitofusingmixedmethodstoprovideafullandindepthexplanationofstudentmotivation.7）Theresearchdesignconsistsofbothexploratoryandexplanatorycomponents.8）Theprojectwillinvolve12monthsoffieldwork.,1.5研究中存在的局限性:

一般现在时、将来时，如：

1）Hence,thedatagatheredineachsettingareverydependentonthesecontexts.2）Therefore,thecontextofeachcasestudywilllimitthegeneralizabilityofthefindings.3）Giventhesmallsamplesizeofthisstudy,thismustbetakeninconsideration,andmayimpactthevalidityofthefindings.4）Limitationsduetomeasuringandinterpretationextendtoquantitativefindingsandvalidity,aswell.5）Theresultsofthisstudywillapplyonlytothoseindividualswithgreatlearningmotivation.6）Theselimitationsareclearlytrueoftheresultsofthisstudy.7）ThemajorlimitationofthestudyisthatalotofresearchhasbeendoneonFinancialPerformance,buttheResearcherwantedtodeviatefromtheobvious.8）Thisareaofstudycanprovideascientificbasisforpromisinginterventionsthatmayyieldpositiveoutcomesandfillthecurrentlyexistinggapsinknowledge.,2.Readthefollowingtipsforwritingaresearchproposal.Atypicalresearchproposalwillbesomewherebetweenoneandtwothousandwords.Whilewedonotinsistonadefiniteformat,weshouldkeepthefollowinginmind:

1）Beginbyexplainingthesubjectareaandprovidinganindicationofthekeytheoretical,policyorempiricaldebates.2）Presentabriefliteraturereviewrelatingtoyourresearchproposal,anddiscusstheresearchquestionsyouplantoaddress.3）Makeyourresearchproposalasspecificandfocusedaspossible.4）Indicatetheresearchmethodsmostsuitedtoyourareaofresearch.5）Provideanindicationofhowyoumightcollectanyrelevantdataifyourproposedresearchinvolvesempiricalwork.6）Includeabibliographywithyou