英文科技论文写作 经典常用例句.docx

英文科技论文写作 经典常用例句.docx

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英文科技论文写作经典常用例句

经典常用例句

说明

1.“经典常用例句”在其注释中包含“经典短语、经典搭配”等；

2.这些例句均摘自“美国（或英国）原版外文材料（论文或图书）”，完全值得信赖和模仿。

常用动词

一、中性词

1.（文章等）给出、研究、建立、提出、提供

（1）Toestablish

（1）,itsufficestoshowthat

（2）Themainresultsinthispaperarethefollowingtheoremsandcorollaries.

（3）Themaintheoreminthispaperispresentedinthefollowing（next）section.

（4）Themainstreamintheresearchfornonlinearcontrolsystemsisbasedonthestatespacerepresentation.

（5）Ourowncontributionliesinthedesignofanalgorithmthatderivesacanonicalrealization.

（6）Inthispapertheauthor’sexperienceinapplyingintelligentcontrolintheprocessindustriesisdiscussed.

（7）Thesecondbroadtechniqueconsideredinvolves（涉及）modelpredictivecontrol.

（8）TheseresultshavebeenjointlyestablishedwithLiuandZheng.

2.由…得到、得出、得到（结论等）

（1）Asasimplecorollaryofouranalysis,weobtainthatrightinvertibilityinthesenseofNijmerjeristhesameasinthatofFliess.

Note:

asthesameas;thesameas

（2）FollowingthestepsoutlinedinsectionIIwefindthat….

（3）Weconcludethissectionbyintroducingsomenotationsanddefinitions.

（4）Usingthegeneralizednotionofcontrolledinvariance,aconditionforthecontrolledinvariancewasderived.

（5）Theresultswhencomparedwithavailablediagnostictoolsshowthatsignificantbenefitscanbederivedfromtheactualapplicationofthistechnique.

（6）However,weareprimarilyinterestedinhow（连词）thesealgorithmsperformondataobtainedfromchemicalsensorarrays.

（7）Becauseoneofthesensorsinthearraydidnotrespondathighhumidities,itwasremoved,resultinginathree-dimensionalpatternvector.

Note1:

resultinginsth1:

现在分词作“目的状语”，译为“从而得到（获得），因而得到，从而导致，这样便得到”

Note2:

athighhumidity

3.集中、侧重、强调、注重、聚焦、着重、投精力于

（1）Theorem1focusesontheapplicationoftheessentialorderstothedecouplingproblem.

（2）Currentresearchhavethusbeenfocusedontheapplicationofsuchadvancedtechniquesasartificialneuralnetworks（ANN）,geneticalgorithms（GA）,expertsystemsandfuzzylogicstoenginediagnosticproblems.

Note1:

正如“动名词”具有“名词性质“一样”，名词同样具有“动词性质”（可以完成动词的任务），如此处的“applicationofsth1tosth2”。

还有，“generalizationofsth1tosth2”等等。

Note2:

focusonsth;focussth1onsth2.

（3）Inthispaper,wereviewtheneedforenginediagnosticsandmaintenance,presentsomeaspectsoftheANNapplicationtodiagnosticproblems,highlightsomefeaturesofANNthatmakeitamenabletoGTdiagnosticsaswellasitslimitationsandfinallydiscussitsapplicationtogaspathfaultdiagnosisofadevelopedcasestudy.

（4）Thefocusofthepaperisontechniquesthathaveprovenbeneficialintheprocessindustries.

Note:

focuson;prove+adj.

（5）Thispaperhasbeendevotedtothegeneralizationofthenotionofessentialorderstotheclassofnonlinearaffinesystems.

Note1:

bedevotedtosth1:

致力于;

Note2:

generalizationofsth1tosth2.

4.用、使用、应用、采用、采取

（1）Methodsutilizingmultivariatestatisticaltechniquesarepresented,withapplicationstosoftsensingandfaultdetection.

（2）Gasturbinesareusedforaeroandmarinepropulsion,powergenerationandasmechanicaldrivesforawiderangeofindustrialapplications.

Note:

awiderangeofindustrialapplications

（3）Gasturbinesaremechanicaldevicesoperatingonathermodynamiccyclewith（用）airastheworkingfluid.

Note:

“介词”可以完成“动词”的任务，如此处的“with（用）”

（4）Currentresearchhavethusbeenfocusedontheapplicationofsuchadvancedtechniquesasartificialneuralnetworks（ANN）,geneticalgorithms（GA）,expertsystemsandfuzzylogicstoenginediagnosticproblems.

（5）ThisnetworkwasdesignedtoassesstheamountofDCFpresentinthecompressorandcompressorturbine.

Note:

bedesignedtodo:

（6）Couplingpatternrecognitionalgorithmsandarraysofpartiallyselectivesensorshasbeenemployedsuccessfullyforgasoxidesensors.

（7）Forapplicationofthechemicalsensorsystemtofieldmeasurements,thepatternrecognitionalgorithmmustaccuratelyclassifynewsensorsignals.

Note:

“名词”动词化：

名词具有动词的属性，如：

applicationofsth1tosth2.

Forapplicationofsth1tosth2:

为了将sth1应用于sth2.

（8）Theclassificationrulesusedbythepatternrecognitionalgorithmmustbelearnedquickly.

Note:

sth1usedbysth2:

sth2所用到的sth1.

（9）Fourdatasetsrepresentingtypicalchemicalsensordatawereemployedinthisresearch.

（10）Tohelpexplainsomeoftheresultsfromthisstudy,principalcomponentsanalysis（PCA）wasemployedtovisualizethepatternspaces.

（11）Useofthepooledcovariancematriximpliesthatthecovariance（sometimescalledvariance-covariance）matricesforeachclassarenotsignificantlydifferent.

（12）Theusualwaytojoinparallelstructuresiswiththeuseofcoordinatingconjunctionssuchas"and"or"or."

Note1:

thewaytodosth:

做（实现）…的方法/途径

Note2:

bewiththeuseof:

是采用/使用/应用…

Forexample:

ThemostconvenientwaytoaccessyourmoneyfromahomebankintheUSiswiththeuseofanAutomatedTellerMachine（ATM）card.

TheproblemIhaveiswiththeuseofcomputertechnologyinprimaryandsecondaryschools.

5.构造、形成、构成、由…构成、由…组成

（1）CLASS1datasetcomprisedrepresentationsfromallthepossiblefaultscenarios.

Note:

comprise=consistof=becomposedof

（2）Chemicalfingerprintsforthetargetanalyte（s）willformclustersinm-dimensionalspace（wheremisthenumberofsensorsinthearray）.

（3）Thefinaldataset（SAW2）consistsof664patternvectorsobtainedfromSAWdatacollectedusingasixsensorarraywithapreconcentratorsamplingsystem.

Note:

“定语的定语的定语”

6.覆盖、包括

（1）Generatingdatatocoverallthepossiblefaultscenariosaswellastherequiredoperatingconditionsdefinedbythepowersettingparameterandambientconditions.

（2）Furtherstudyofthisanomalyindicatedthatthisresultwasduetothefactthatthetrainingandpredictionsubsetsdonotcoverthesamedataspaceexactly.

Note1:

bedueto:

由于，因为，归功于，归因于

Note2:

同位语从句（that）

Note3:

thesamesth1

Note4:

cover:

覆盖、包括、包含

7.包含、包括、涉及

（1）Itcontainsarichamountofstructuralinformationaboutthesystem.

Note：

arichamountof=agreatamountof=alargeamountof，alargenumberof

（2）Theproceduresadoptedincludethefollowingsteps:

（3）CLASS1datasetcomprisedrepresentationsfromallthepossiblefaultscenarios.

Note:

此处的“comprise”应为“由…组成”。

（4）TheANNmoduleinvolvedinestimatingthefaultinthiscomponentisAPP1（seeFig.5）.

Note:

beinvolvedinn./doing:

涉及、专心于、用于、司职于

（5）TheANNstructuredescribedaboveformsapartofthediagnostictoolthatincludesotheraspectsinvolvedinparametercorrectionsaswellasaspectsthatprovidelinguisticinformationonthenatureandtypeoffaultsinceANNonlygivesqualitativeandquantitativeresultswithoutanyexplanationforthem.

Note:

form的用法

（6）Someofthesevapors（DMMP,GD,VX,andHD）werealsoincludedinSAW1.

（7）TheSAW1datasetcontainedpatternvectorsforthreeclassesofvapordata.

Note:

differentiate“contain,hold;comprise,consistof,include,involve”:

containandhold:

Sth1contain（orhold）sth2:

通常来说，sth2并不是sth1的组成部分;另外，hold指“容纳、包含、包括”的能力，而contain指的是一种客观存在的事实，如：

Thepitcherholdstwopintsbutcontainsonlyone.（这个罐子可装两品脱，但现在只装了一品脱。

）

comprise,consistof,include,andinvolve:

sth1comprise/consistof/include/involvesth2:

sth2是（作为）sth1的组成部分;另外，comprise=consistof并且指的是：

全部包含进去，所包含的内容已“全部”列出，而include和involve通常指的是：

只列出了所包含内容的“一部分”，并且在通常情况下，所列出的这一部分并不是所包含的内容的主体，而是作为“附属品”；最后，需要指出的是“involve”通常指的是“包含不利的（不好的）事物”，译为“涉及，牵连，牵涉，拖累，卷入，使复杂”等。

（8）TheSIM1datasetfeaturedsixdataclassesthatwereslightlyoverlappedasseeninFig.1.

Note1:

feature:

作动词时：

展示、展现、刻画；由…主演；以…为卖点；以…为特色；另外，最重要的是：

它有“包含”的意思，而被包含的通常是具有“特征、特色及代表性”的“东西”（宾语），此例句中就是这个意思。

Note2:

slight;slightly=somewhat

Note3:

asseeninFig.1=asshowninFig.1

（9）TheSAW2datasetincludedsevendataclasses,severalofwhichfeaturedhighlyoverlappingclusters.

Note1:

severalofwhich:

定语从句的用法

（10）PNNfeaturesthefastesttraining,buthasthehighestcomputationalrequirementsforprediction.

Note1:

haverequirementsfor

8.认为、发现、观察

（1）BP-ANNisconsideredtheslowestandmostdifficulttotrainamongthealgorithmsstudied.

Note:

considersth1:

考虑…;considersth1sth2:

认为sth1是（或具有）sth2,把sth1看作是sth2，相当于“regard（sth1）as（sth2）”.

（2）Thus,thepredictionclassificationperformanceforBLDAcanbeconsideredinflated.

（3）Theconfigurationsettingsthatresultedinthebestclassificationperformancesonthetrainingandmonitoringsubsetdatawereconsideredoptimal.

Note1:

configuration（配置）与settings（设置）不同。

Note2:

ondata

Note3:

considersth1+adj.:

认为…怎么样，类似于“find/makesth1+adj.”。

（4）ForSIMCA,modelsbasedontwoprincipalcomponentsforeachclasswerefoundtobethebestconfigurationforeachdataset.

Note:

befoundtodo（be）sth1/adj.:

被发现…,被认为…

（5）Inthiswork,teniterationswerefoundtobesufficienttoachieveconvergence.

Note:

besufficienttodosth1

（6）Theoptimalkernelwidthsforthefourdatasetsinthisstudywerefoundtobe0.0358,0.0678,0.0138,and0.0062forSIM1,SIM2,SAW1,andSAW2,respectively.

（7）Forthefourdatasetsinthisstudy,120,120,25,and25hiddenunitsforSIM1,SIM2,SAW1,andSAW2,respectively,werefoundtobeoptimal.

（8）ItwasobservedthattheBP-ANNtrainingwaseasilytrappedinlocalminima,thusrequiringthatthetrainingrunsforeachconfigurationberepeated10timestoincreasetheprobabilityofconvergence.

Note1:

betrapped=getstuck：

只是“getstuck”通常用于“否定句”中

Note2:

10times：

表示“补语”，前面不加介词，如“for”等。

Note3:

require+从句:

需要用虚拟语气，（should）do

Note4:

increasetheprobabilityofconvergence

（9）Newstudyfindsmammogramshave