医学英语范文.docx

医学英语范文.docx

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医学英语范文

药物滥用

Over-utilizationofPharmaceuticals

Intheareaofantibioticsalone,themostprominentproblemhasbeentheover-utilizationofdrugs.TheCenterforDiseaseControl,forinstance,estimatesthat1/3oftheantibioticstakenonanoutpatientbasisintheUnitedStatesareunnecessary.Increasinguseofantibioticsislinkedtotheincreaseoftheirresistancebybacteria;intheUnitedStates,14,000peopledieeachyearfromdrug-resistantinfectionspickedupinhospitals.Intermsofhealthcarecosts,therisinguseofpharmaceuticalshasprofoundconsequences.From1993to1998,forinstance,annualdrugexpendituresintheU.S.nearlydoubledfrom$50.6billionto$93.4billion,mostoftheexpensesbeingbornebythird-partypayors.Totalspendingonprescriptiondrugsdoubledfrom1995to2000andtripledfrom1990to2000,constitutingoneofthemainfactorsdrivinguphealthcareexpendituresoverall.

Eatlesstolivelonger

Iftherewereadrugthathelpedonelivealonglife,almosteverybodywouldbuyit.Indeedthereissuchadrug.Itismoderateeating.

Somescientistshaveprovedthisbyexperimentson200monkeysoneatingless.Howeverwhyisitso?

Hereisadiscussion.First,itrelievesthegastricsystemofburdensoftoomuchproteinandfat.Theburdenmayresidesinintestinesandgiveswaytotoxinand**substances.ThesubstancesharmtheCNSandaccelerateaging.Second,itpreventsbrainmetabolicdisordercausedbysatiety.Satietymultipliessomecellsthatinduce~andshortensupplyofoxygen,andbloodtothecortex,whichinturnshortenone’slifetime.Third,Satietydamagescells,whichacceleratesagingprocess.Thisiscausedbytoomanyfreeradicalsthatdamage,cause**etcandquickenaging.Fourth,longtermsatietyresultsinobesity,diabetes,**etc.

Actually,thereweresometheoriesandtherapiesonmoderateeating,whichshouldbeadvocatedtoday.

Toconclude,forourhealthandlongevity,pleaseeatless.

1.ReductionofStudents’StudyLoad

Facinghugeamountofhomework,frequentexamsandambitiousexpectationsoftheirparents,Chineseprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsnowgrowupunderheavypressures.Thishastimeandagaintriggered（触发）thenationwidediscussiononwhetherornotweshouldreducethestudents’studyload.

Somepeoplestronglyadvocatethatweshouldreducethestudents’studyload.Theyholdthat,first,itdepriveschildrenoftheirfreetimeandthegolden,cheerfulchildhoodwhichtheydeserve.Asaresult,everydaytheyrushtoschoolwithheavierandheavierbagsandreturnhomewithendlesshomework.Sometimestheyevenhavetoburnthemidnightoil.Moreover,alltheirweekendsandvacationsareoccupiedwithmake-uplessons.Second,heavystudyloadhasseriouslyaffectedtheirphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.（影响身心健康）Toillustrate,moreandmorestudentsareeitherwearingglassedorsufferingfromnervousdisorder.Occasionallyitevencanleadtotheoccurrenceoftragedies.

However,othershesitateaboutitandtheyprefertosticktotheoldpracticeratherthantoreducestudents’studyload.Theybelievethatonlyhardworkcanearnabrightfutureforchildren.Theyalsobelieveonlythosewhostudyhardundermuchstudyloadcangetrewardedbyfindinganidealjobinthecut-throatcompetition.Besides,theythinkit’sjustawasteoftimeforstudentstoidlearound.Thefactthatmorechildrenweredrownedthissummermightresultfromthereductionofstudyload.

Mysuggestionisthatweshouldmoderately（适当）reducestudents’studyload.Whatismore,asheavystudyloadistheby-productoftheexistingexam-orientedsystem（应试教育）,weshouldreformtheexamassessmentsystem.（考试评估系统）Onlyinthiswaycanwecompletelysolvetheproblem.

2.ShoppingontheNet

NowadaysInternetisrevolutionizingourglobeandgreatlyfacilitating（使方便）ourmodernlife.Asamatteroffact,wecandoalmosteverythingontheNet.Toillustrate,wecanconductE-business,advertiseourproducts,bookanairticket,buyandsellstocks,evenhuntajobontheWeb.Recently,shoppingontheNetisgraduallybecomingpopularinmoderncities.However,peopletakedifferentattitudestowardsthenewwayofshopping.

Somepeoplewhoprefershoppingonthevirtualshoppingcenters（网上购物中心）orthee-commerceportals（网站）,holdthatthenewwayofshoppinghasmanyadvantages.First,theweb-storescankeepcustomersupdatedabout（使现代化）thebestsellingproducts.Besides,theycanprovidecustomerswithawiderrangeofchoices.Mostimportantofall,itisveryconvenientandtime-saving.Peoplecanstayathomeshoppingwhatevertheywantonline.

However,otherswhosticktoshoppinginthereal-lifestoreshavetheirreasons.First,theyarguethatthoughtime-saving,it’salittlebitcomplicatedtopayontheWeb.Besides,theythinkthatcustomerscanneverrestassuredof（使仍然相信）thequalityofthecommoditiesunlesstheyseethemwiththeirowneyes.Finally,theybelievethebestwaytobeonguard（警惕）againstthefake（假货）andpoorqualitycommoditiesistoshopinthetraditionalway.Therefore,theydon’tshowanyinterestinshoppingonline.However,moreandmorepeoplewillprefershoppingontheWeb.

Andit’sbelievethatitwilleventuallybeanirresistibletrendofshoppinginthe21stcentury.

3.China’sForeignInvestment

China’sforeigninvestmenthasincreasedcontinuallyinthepast20years.It’sreportedthatChinahasapprovedmorethan350,000foreignfundedfirmswithtotalcontractualofUS$641.7billion.Undoubtedlytheuseofforeigncapitalhasgreatlydrivenoureconomy.IthashelpedtocreatemanyeconomicmiraclessuchasZhuhaiandShenzhen.

AlthoughgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinapartiallyduetotheforeigninvestment,yet,asadevelopingcountry,Chinastillprovestobeagreattargetforforeigncapital.Andthere’sstillpotentialforoverseasentrepreneursandforeigninvestorsinmanyaspects.Toillustrate,theycanstillinvestinagriculture,waterconservation,energy,telecommunications,rawmaterialsorinvestinenvironmentprotection,ITindustrynewlyarisinghigh-techindustry,esp.inwesternregions.

Asiswellknown,absorbingforeigncapitalisimportanttoourcountry’sgrowth,buthowtoattractmoreofittopushforwardanall-roundmultilevelandbroaderopeningup.Ithinktwofactorsaremostimportant.Ontheonehand,weshouldworkoutmorefavorablepoliciesandadoptaseriesofincentives（诱因）toluremoreforeigncapital.Ontheotherhand,weshouldfurtherimproveoursoftinvestmentenvironment.Onlyinthiswaycanweluremoreforeigncapitalandpushourdooropenwider.

4.ThePositiveandNegativeAspectsofExamsandtheExistingExaminationSystem

Aseverythinghastwosides,theexistingexaminationsystemisnotallbad.Itcertainlyhasmanypositiveaspects.Tobeginwith,examisaneffectivemeanstoassessstudents’knowledgeandproficiencyandtoevaluateteachers’teachinglevel.Besides,itcanhelpstudentsfindouttheirstrongandweakpointsinlearningandmaketheirknowledgepermanent.Mostimportantofall,it’softenservedasamotivetodrivestudentstostudyhardandgetwellpreparedacademicallyforthefuturecompetition.

However,it’softenblamedforitsobviousdefects.First,examsarealwaysover-stressedastheaimofbothlearningandteaching.Thustheexamsystemisoftenblamedfortheformationofthetraditionalexam-orientededucationsystem.Second,examsarealwaysassociatedwithpromotiontoahighergradeoradmittancetocollege.Therefore,theyareheavilyresponsibleforthepresentexam-assessmentsystem.Finally,becausethesystemleadstostudent’sheavystudyloadanditmainlyproducesstudentswithhighscoresandpoorabilities,it’salwaysthetargetofcriticismandfocusofreform.Inaword,thedisadvantagesdooutweightheadvantages.It’surgenttoreformtheexistingexaminationsysteminthenewcentury.

5.DoestheNewTuitionPolicyKeepStudentsAway?

Nowadays,underthenewtuitionsystem,anincreasingnumberofstudents,whopassedtheUniversityEntranceExaminationhavegotintonewanxietyofcollegetuitionandfees.Undertheheavyfinancialpressureandmuchpsychologicalstress,thoseoutstandingstudents,esp.thosepoverty-strickenstudents（贫困学生）andthosefromfamilieswithlaid-offparents,whowereneverbeatendownbyfate,nowseemtobedefeatedbythecrushingtuitionburden（千钧重负）.Indeedtheyreallygotstuckbythefinancialproblem.

Therefore,manypeoplecomplainthatsomepoorstudentscan’taffordtopaythecollegetuitionandfeesandthenewtuitionsystemkeepspoverty-strickenstudentsawayfromcollege.Howcansuck（吸取）timeoutofthepart-timejobsandmanagetopassalltheexamsincollege?

Theyholdthatcollegestudentsshouldenjoysomefavorablepoliciesoftuitionssoastobeabletoconcentrateontheirstudiesandfreefromalltheworriesabouttheirpockets,andthatpovertyshouldneverbeahurdle（栏）tothegrowthofpromisingstudents.

However,inmyopinion,thenewtuitionsystemdoesaddmuchdifficultiestothepoorstudentsbutitwillneverkeepsthemawayfromcollege.First,incarryingoutthenewtuitionsystem,thegovernmentshouldprovidesomespecialpolicyforpoorstudents.Inaddition,theyareentitledtotakealoanfrombanksordosomepart-timejobsduringtheirsparetime,suchasweekendsandholidays.Finally,theycantrytowinscholarshipbyadditionalefforts.Inshort,manproposes（计划）,andGoddisposes（决定）.Noonewillbekeptoutofcollegeduetofinancialburdenunlesshisisdefeatedbyhisownself.

6.FamiliesAreNotAsCloseAsBefore

Alongwiththedevelopmentofthesocietymoreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention,oneofwhich