软件质量管理实践软件缺陷预防清除管理实用方法上图资料.docx

软件质量管理实践软件缺陷预防清除管理实用方法上图资料.docx

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软件质量管理实践软件缺陷预防清除管理实用方法上图资料

软件质量管理

——

软

件缺

陷预防、

清除

、管理

实用方法

第一章缺陷综述...............................................................................................................................61.1软件缺陷定义....................................................................................................................61.2软件缺陷生命周期.............................................................................................................81.3缺陷信息.............................................................................................................................91.4软件缺陷分类...................................................................................................................101.4.1缺陷类型................................................................................................................101.4.2缺陷严重程度........................................................................................................111.4.3缺陷优先级............................................................................................................121.4.4缺陷状态...............................................................................................................121.5缺陷产生的原因...............................................................................................................121.5.1缺陷是谁“生产”的................................................................................................131.5.2缺陷来源................................................................................................................141.5.3缺陷根源...............................................................................................................141.6缺陷预防...........................................................................................................................151.6.1缺陷预防的目的....................................................................................................151.6.2缺陷预防的目标....................................................................................................161.6.3缺陷预防的策略....................................................................................................161.6.4缺陷预防的活动....................................................................................................171.6.5缺陷预防的验证...................................................................................................181.6.6软件质量我的提高................................................................................................191.7缺陷发现手段...................................................................................................................191.7.1同行评审................................................................................................................201.7.2测试........................................................................................................................201.7.3管理评审................................................................................................................211.7.4QA发现..................................................................................................................211.7.5项目组内部发现...................................................................................................211.7.6客户反馈...............................................................................................................221.8缺陷修复和沟通策略......................................................................................................221.9人员培训..........................................................................................................................231.10小结...............................................................................................................................24第二章需求开发与管理.................................................................................................................242.1需求的概念和层次..........................................................................................................272.2需求开发..........................................................................................................................292.2.1需求获取...............................................................................................................292.2.2需求分析...............................................................................................................322.2.3编制软件需求文档...............................................................................................342.3需求管理..........................................................................................................................342.3.1需求管理方法.......................................................................................................342.3.2需求追踪矩阵.......................................................................................................352.3.3需求变更...............................................................................................................45

2.4需求验证..........................................................................................................................472.4.1评审需求...............................................................................................................472.4.2测试需求...............................................................................................................502.4.3需求评价标准.......................................................................................................502.5小结.................................................................................................................................51第三章配置与变更管理.................................................................................................................523.1相关概念..........................................................................................................................533.1.1配置项...................................................................................................................553.1.2版本.......................................................................................................................573.1.3基线.......................................................................................................................573.1.4配置库...................................................................................................................583.2配置管理活动..................................................................................................................593.2.1制定配置管理计划...............................................................................................593.2.2建立三库...............................................................................................................593.2.3确定配置标识规则...............................................................................................613.2.4版本控制...............................................................................................................623.2.5构建和发行管理...................................................................................................633.2.6变更控制...............................................................................................................633.2.7配置审计...............................................................................................................643.2.8配置管理报告.......................................................................................................673.3变更管理活动..................................................................................................................693.3.1变更申请...............................................................................................................703.3.2变更评审...............................................................................................................723.3.3变更执行...............................................................................................................733.3.4变更验证...............................................................................................................733.3.5入库及发布...........................................................................................................733.4配置与变更管理相关问题..............................................................................................743.4.1有关的角色和对应职责.......................................................................................743.4.2有效实践...............................................................................................................753.4.3日构建与冒烟测试...............................................................................................773.4.4工作环境标准.......................................................................................................803.4.5配置管理常见误区...............................................................................................803.5小结.................................................................................................................................82第四章同行评审.............................................................................................................................824.1同行评审与测试的关系..................................................................................................834.2同行评审的种类和对象..................................................................................................844.2.1同行评审的种类...................................................................................................854.2.2同行评审的对象...................................................................................................854.3同行评审过程....................................................................................................