阅读理解.docx

阅读理解.docx

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阅读理解

1

ShreeBoseisoneofthemostimpressivekidsgraduatingfromFortWorthCountryDayHighSchoolthisyear.Bosehasalargecircleoffriends,andthere’sonewhoyoumayhaveheardof:

PresidentObama.HehastwicepubliclyrecognizedherachievementsincancerresearchandspokenwithherintheOvalOffice.

Ifthatisn’tenough,BoserecentlygaveaTEDTalkaboutherworkwiththecancerdrugCisplatin,whichalsowonherfirstprizeattheGoogleScienceFairandrecognitionasoneofGlamourmagazine’sYoungAmazingWomenoftheYear.

Afterwatchinghergrandfatherstrugglewithlivercancer,Bosewasdeterminedtohelpoutinanywayshecould.Asahighschoolstudentthough,herscientificchoiceswerelimited.Shereachedouttovarioushospitalsandresearchcenters,butdoctorsturneddownherrequestsbecausetheyfeltshewastooinexperiencedmedically.

OnlytheNorthTexasScienceHealthCenterrespectedherdeterminationandchosetoguideher.Theresultswereamazing.

Bosechosetostudyaprotein（蛋白质）anditsreactionwiththecancerdrugCisplatin.Shenoticedthatwhenshepreventedthisproteinfromgrowing,Cisplatinwasallowedtobegindestroyingcancercellsonceagain.

“MyprojectnotonlycontributestotheunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweentheproteinandCisplatin,butalsosuggestsanewer,moreeffectivetreatmentforpatientswhoresistCisplatin,”Bosesaid.

Bose’sachievementsaren’tlimitedtothelab,though.Shewasalsocaptainofherswimteamandeditor-in-chiefofherschoolpaper.

BoseiscurrentlygettingpracticalexperienceattheNationalInstituteofHealthandshe’llbeattendingHarvardinthefall.Sheplanstostudymolecularbiologyandgotomedicalschool.Eventually,shewouldliketobeadoctor.

1.PresidentObamahasspokenwithBosebecauseshe______.

A.gaveaTEDTalkrecently

B.iscaptainofherswimteam

C.hasalargecircleoffriends

D.contributedtothecancerresearch

2.AccordingtoBose’sresearch,______helpsmakeCisplatinworkbetter.

A.stoppingtheproteinfromgrowing

B.destroyingcancercellstimely

C.usingthedrugmorefrequently

D.makingtheproteinreactwiththedrug

3.Fromthepassage,weknowthat_____.

A.Bose’sresearchwassupportedfromthestart

B.Boseplanstobecomeadoctorinthefuture

C.BosewillstudyintheNationalInstituteofHealth

D.Bose’sgrandfatheraskedhertodocancerresearch

4.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.aresearchoncancerdrugs

B.aneweffectivecancertreatment

C.adoctorwhohasapromisingfuture

D.agirlwhodidresearchoncancertreatment

2

Asurprisingnewresearchsuggestsitcanactuallybegoodtofeelbadatwork,andthatfeelinggoodintheworkplacecanleadtonegativeoutcomes.

Thestudyofemotionsintheworkplace,editedbyUniversityofLiverpoolresearchersDr.LindebaumandPeterJordan,isthetopicofaSpecialIssueofthejournal‘HumanRelations’.Theyfoundthatthecommonly-heldbeliefthatbeingpositiveintheworkplaceproducespositiveoutcomes,whilenegativeemotionsleadtonegativeoutcomes,maybeinneedforreconsideration.Thisispartlyduetothisbelieffailingtotakeintoaccountthedifferencesinworkingenvironmentwhichaffectoutcomes.

Forinstance,angerdoesnotalwaysleadtonegativeoutcomesandinsomecases,angercanbeconsideredaforceforgoodthroughactinguponinjustices.Anemployee,forexample,couldexpressangerconstructivelyafteramanagerhastreatedafellowworkerunfairly.Insuchcases,angercanbeuseful.Likewise,beingtoopositiveintheworkplace,ratherthanresultingingreaterperformanceandproductivity,canleadtoself-satisfactionandbeingtooshallowinone’spersonality.

Onearticlewithintheissuealsofindsthat,withinteamworksituation,negativitycanhaveagoodeffect,leadingtofewerconsensuses（共识）butafurtherdiscussionordebateonanimportantissueamongworkers,whichenhancesteameffectiveness.

Lindebaumsaid,“ThefindingsofthestudypublishedinthisSpecialIssuechallengethecommonly-heldbeliefthatintheworkplacepositiveemotionsbringaboutapositiveoutcome,andviceversa.”

Headded,“ThisSpecialIssueaddstoourknowledgeandunderstandingofhowthepositiveandnegativedynamics（动态）affecttheworkingenvironmentandiscertaintohavepracticalapplicationintheworkplacefortheyearstocome.”

1.Whydidresearchersofthestudyofemotionsfindthatthecommonly-heldbeliefneedstobeconsideredagain?

A.Becausedifferentpeopleholddifferentattitudestowardsit.

B.Becauseitdoesn’tconsiderthedifferencesinrealworkingenvironment.

C.Becauseithasbeenprovedtobetotallywronginrealworkingenvironment.

D.Becauseitdoesn’ttellthetruth.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Likewise”inparagraph3probablymean?

A.SimilarlyB.DifferentlyC.ApproximatelyD.Occasionally

3.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatLindebaumsaidinthelastparagraphthat____.

A.thefindingsofthestudywillcompletelychangepeople’sbeliefintheend

B.thefindingsofthestudywillnothaveanyinfluenceontheworkplace

C.thefindingsofthestudywon’tbejustatheorypublishedinthejournal

D.thefindingsofthestudywillmakeusworknegativelyinthefuture

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ToBePositiveAboutYourWork

B.ToBeNegativeAboutYourWork

C.NegativityatWorkProbablyBringingAboutGoodThings

D.PeopleChallengingtheCommonly-heldBelief

3

Overtheyears,BrianWansink,directoroftheFoodandBrandLabatCornellUniversity,hasstudiedsuchthingsashowfarAmericanstypicallydrivetobuyfood,howmanytimeswerefillourplatesatall-you-can-eatbuffetsandhowweorganizeourkitchens.Inthemid-2000shefamouslycoinedthephase“mindlesseating”（andwroteabookbythatname）tofocusattentiononallthebaddietarydecisionswemakewithoutreallythinkingaboutthem.

Hisnewbook,SlimbyDesign:

MindlessEatingSolutionsforEverydayLife,aimstochangethedesignofrestaurants,schoollunchrooms,officecafeteriasandhomessothatthemindlesschoiceswemakewillbemorehealthfulones.Someexamples:

Keepkitchencountersclear.Novisiblesnackfood,nobread,nonuts—notevenbreakfastcereal.InWansink’sresearch,“womenwhohadevenoneboxofbreakfastcerealthatwasvisible–-anywhereintheirkitchen—weighed21poundsmorethantheirneighborwhodidn’t.”

Trickyourselfintodrinkinglesswine.“Wetendtofocusontheheightofwhatwepourandnotthewidth,sowepour12percentlesswineintotallerwineglassesthanwepourintowiderwineglasses.”Andtheshapeoftheglassisnottheonlyvariablethataffectshowmuchwedrink.Wansinkwrites:

“Becauseredwineiseasiertoseethanwhitewine,wepour9percentlessredwinewheneverwepouraglass.”

Wansinksaidhisresearchersalsofoundthatpeopleatelessatrestaurantswhentheysatinwell-lightedareasnearwindowsanddoors,thanindarkerareasorintheback.Theyatelessiftheywereofferedadoggiebag,orto-gobox,beforetheygottheirmeals:

apparentlytheideaofgettinga“free”secondmealoutweighed（比……重要）theimpulse（冲动）tocleantheirplates.Workerswhofrequentlyateattheirdesksweighed15.4poundsless,onaverage,thanthosewhodidn’t.Fruitsandvegetableskeptonthetopshelfoftherefrigeratorwereeatenathigherratesthanthoseonlowershelves.

Thepoint,Wansinksays,istoconsiderfindingslikethoseandchangeyourenvironmentorhabits.Thenyouwon’thavetothinkaboutit:

You’lljusteatless.

1.WhydidBrianWansinkwriteSlimbyDesign:

MindlesseatingSolutionsforEverydayLife?

A.Becausehewantedpeopletobecomethin.

B.Becausehewishedtochangethedesignofdiningplacesonly.

C.Becausehehopedtocoinanewphase“mindlesseating”.

D.Becauseheintendedtohelppeoplemakemorehealthfuldietarydecisions.

2.AccordingtoWansink,whichofthefollowingaffectstheamountofwinewedrink____.

A.theshapeofwineglasses

B.thecolorofwineglasses

C.thetasteofwine

D.thequalityofwine

3.Theunderlinedphrase“adoggiebag”inparagraph5probablymeans____.

A.abagforcarryingdogsB.aboxforjunkfood

C.acontainerforleftoversD.abagforcarryingdogfood

4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Changingenvironmentorhabitsofeatingwillhelpyoueatless.

B.Eatingfruitsandvegetablesisbetterforyourhealth.

C.Keepingyourkitchencounterclearofanyfoodwillhelpmakeyouthin.

D.Manypeopleeatordrinktoomuchwithoutpayingattentiontoit.

4

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