连词.docx
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连词
一、教学内容：
连词相关知识点，并进行练习。
二、教学步骤:
第一部分：
连词分类 连词，主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。
在句子中，连词起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。
它本身在句子里不单独做句子成分。
并列连词：
是用来连接语法地位相同的结构、相同的单词、短语及句子。
并列连词有：
and, but, or, nor, so, for yet, however, as well as, both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, still,
从属连词：
用来引导状语从句。
从属连词有：
after, when, before, as, while, since, until, till, if, unless, lest, because, than, that, whether, so that, in order that, as if, as though, although, suppose that, provided, that, as...as, now that, such...that, in case that, on condition that
第二部分：
连词的用法 在明确的我们的目标之后，我们来具体看看这些连词的用法。
并列连词：
并列连词
作用 举例 and
连接单词 My brother and I study in the same school.
连接短语 Our knowledge may come from the books and from practice.
连接句子 We are singing and they are dancing.
But, or
I have a pen but no pencil.
Will you go there by bus or on foot?
Nothing but除了，只有 I did nothing but watch it.
Or表示否则 Hurry up or you will be late.
for 表示后面的句子是原因 He is good at math for he studies harder than others.
still 表示后句概念由前句转折而来 The weather is very cold, still we needn’t wear more clothes.
Not only…but also 不仅…而且。
可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子。
主语并列时，谓语要就近一致
Not only he but also I am a teacher.
As well as 以及，同样。
并列单词、短语、句子。
并列主语时，动词要随前面的主语变化
He works as well as he can
Either…or 既…又…，或…或…，并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 Either come in or go out.
Neither…nor 既不…也不， 并列主、谓、宾、表、状语，并列主语时，谓语就近一致
Neither you nor he speaks French.
Both…and 和，既…也，并列主、谓、宾及表语
I can play both football and basketball.
nor 也不，引导句子要倒装
He can not speak English, nor can I.
so 因此，所以，不合because连用
You like apples, so do I.
从属连词：
连词 作用 举例
after 表示“时间”，在…之后 After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.
Although/though 表示让步， “尽管” Although she is young, she knows a lot.
as 表示时间，“当…时”，方式“象…”，原因，“由于、因为”让步，“尽管、虽然” As it was late, we must go now.
As if/as though 表方式，“似乎、好像” He told is such a story as though he had been there before.
As long as/so long as 表条件，“只要” As long as I am free, I’ll go to help you.
As soon as 表时间，“一…就…” I will phone you as soon as I come back.
because 表原因，“因为” I have to stay in bed because I am ill.
before 表时间，“在…之前“ You should think more before you do it.
Even if/ even though 表让步，“即使” You should try again even if you failed.
Hardly…when 表时间，“（刚）一…就” Hardly I entered the gate when the bell rang.
if “假如”，引导条件状语从句 What should I do net if the rain doesn’t stop?
“是否”，引导宾语从句 I don’t know if he comes back or not.
In case 表目的，“以防，以免” You should be more careful in case there is a fire.
In order that 表目的，“为了，以便” We study hard in order that we can pass the exam.
No matter +疑问词 表让步，“无论，不管” No matter what you do, you should try your best.
No sooner…than 表时间，“刚一…就…” No sooner had I come home than it began to rain.
Now that 表原因，“既然，因为，由于” Now that the crops are in, we can start to make preparations for winter sowing.
once 表时间，“一旦…” Once you know the rules, you’ll have choice to obey them.
since 表时间，“自从…以来” He has been in this company since he left school.
表原因，“既然，由于” Since the job is dangerous, let’s do it more carefully.
so far as/as far as 表条件，“就…而言，就…而论” As far as I know, it is easy for you to speak in English.
So that 表目的“以便” Speak loud so that everybody can hear clearly.
So…that 表结果“如此,以致” He got up so late that he missed the bus.
than 表示比较，“比” Things were worse than we thought.
that 无词义，引导名词性从句 It is dangerous that we walk on the thin ice.
引导定语从句和状语从句 She hurried that she might not be late for work.
unless 表条件，“除非，如果不” I will go to the zoo unless it rains.
Until/till 表时间，“直到…为止” I’ll wait till he comes back.
when 表时间，“当…时“ When they got there, the train has left.
whether “是否”引导名词性从句 Whether he can some to see us is unknown.
表让步，“不管/无论、是否” Whether she is ill or well, she is always happy.
while 表时间，“当…时” While he was in Beijing, he visited the Great Wall.
表让步，“尽管，既然” While I find the problems very difficult, I don’t think them insoluble.
whenever 表时间，“无论什么时候” Whenever you meet any trouble, tell me at once.
中考通常涉及到的连词考点：
1.考查要点：
对连词的考查主要是对并列连词和从属连词基本用法的考查。
2.考纲要求：
掌握并列连词（如：
and、but、or）和从属连词（如：
when、if、that等）的基本用法。
3.复习提示：
首先是对自己掌握不好的连词适当练习，尤其需要注意的是，一定要认真审题，分析四个选项，确定选项后再将其代入题干中看句意是否正确。
并且除了选择题，在其他题型中例如：
完形、完成句子、书面表达等也会涉及连词的用法。
其次，注意一些成对使用的连词。
如：
neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, so…that, not…until等。
但是在not…until中，需要注意：
如果用在until前的动词是可延续性动词，则不加not。
另外，需要注意，一些在汉语中成对使用的连词如：
因为…所以，虽然…但是，在英语中是不可以成对出现的，即because和so不连用，although和but不连用。
4.易错分析：
①关于not…until
He stayed there until it was very late.
句中，stay是可延续性动词，所以不用not。
He didn't leave until it was very late.
句中，leave是不可延续性动词，所以用not
②because, so；although, but
上面已经提到，because和so及although和but不连用。
例如:
Because he was late, he didn't catch the first bus.
一定不可以说
Because he was late, so he didn't catch the first bus.
③or还是and
祈使句＋or＋陈述句前后是对立的
祈使句＋and＋陈述句前后是统一的
（or或and后的陈述句，常用一般将来时）
Study hard, or you won't pass the exam.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.
两句都可以转换成“If条件句＋主句”形式，注意：
要去掉or和and：
If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exam.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
④because, since, as, for表示原因时的区别
尽管because, for, since, as都表示原因，但是用法上有不同.
because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或者原因是听话人所不知道的.
如:
He didn't attend the meeting because he had too much work to do.
since表示的原因是人们已知的事实，常译作“既然”。
如：
Since he can't answer this question, you'd better ask someone else.
as表示原因与since差别不大，只是语气更弱,多译为“由于”
如：
As I haven't seen the film, I can't tell you what I think of it.
for表示因果关系时，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首。
而且经常是对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。
如：
It rained last night, for the ground is wet.
⑤ as, when, while
when意思是“在……时刻或时期”，它可以兼指“时间点”与“时间段”，从句的动词既可以是可延续性动词也可以是不可延续性动词。
如：
When I got home, he was having supper.
When I was young, I liked dancing.
as意思是“边……边……”或“与……同时”，重在表示动作同时发生伴随进行。
如：
They talked as they walked.
while只指“时间段”，不指“时间点”，从句的动词只限于延续性动词。
如：
While I slept a thief broke in.
概念
连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的词.连词不作成分。
1.表示并列关系的连词有：
and, both…and…, not only… but also…和neither…nor…等
1）and：
和，并且
A：
基本用法：
“and”表示 “和”、“并且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语和片语，句子和句子。
I enjoy basketball, football and table tennis.
The weather becomes colder and colder.
B:
特别用法：
祈使句后连接and，有条件句作用，此时and=if you…,you’ll…
Go straight on, and you’ll see the library.==If you go straight on, you will see the library.
2）both…and…既…也…,（两者）都…
A、both…and…构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Both Jim and Kate are from England.
B、both…and…否定句表示部分否定。
You can’t speak both German and English.
Both my father and my mother aren’t doctors.
3）neither…nor…:
既不…也不…
neither…nor…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致，即采取就近原则。
Neither I nor he has seen the play before.
4）not only…but also…:
不但…而且…
not only…but also…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。
Not only the mother but also the children are ill.
2.表示转折关系的连词有：
but, however, yet, still，while等。
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.
He was very tired, still he kept on walking.
Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still some
room for improvement.
Jane is hard working,while her sister is quite lazy.
3.表示选择关系的并列连词有：
or, either…or…,whether… or…等。
1）or：
或、否则
A:
基本用法
or 表示 “或” 的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。
----Is your friend English or American?
----American.
He doesn’t like dumplings or noodles.
B:
特别用法
祈使句后连接or ，表 “如果…,否则…”,有转折的意思，此时 or =if you don’t …,you’ll …
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
2）either…or…:
或者…或者…; 不是…就是…；要么…要么…
A. either…or…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 “人称”和 “数”的一致，即就近原则。
Either you or I am right.
Does either she or they like English?
B. 由either…or…引导的否定句是完全否定。
She isn’t either a student or a teacher.
3）whether…or…不管…还是…
She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school.
4.表示因果关系的并列连词有：
for（因为），so（所以）。
He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold.
It was late, so I went home.
5.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：
before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等。
After they had planted their crops, they took a rest.
We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.
As soon as he gets to Beijing, he’ll call me.
1） when, while, as 都表示“当……时”，when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词，可用于主从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生。
while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，侧重主从句动作同时发生。
as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主从句动作同时发生，强调“一边……一边”。
When I came in, my father was cooking.
I came in when/while my father was cooking.
He sang as he walked.
2）until用法：
当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主从句都用肯定式，译为“直到……为止”；当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式，即not…..until, 译为“直到……才”。
Mr. Green waited until his children came back. （格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来）
Mr. Green didn’t go to bed until his children came back. （格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才睡觉）
6. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：
if（如果）, unless（除非，如果……不）等。
If you don’t go soon, you’ll be late.=Unless you go soon, you’ll be late.
7.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since等。
because“因为”语气最强,回答why提问时只能用because，其引导的从句可放在句首或句末；as
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