高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练33.docx
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高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练33
2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练(33)及答案
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Thedyedbunscandal(染色馒头丑闻)dealsanotherblowtoshoppers'confidenceinbuyingfoodproducts,aswellasthereputationoflocalsellers.LiZhenreportsonshoppers’reactionsinShanghai.
AninvestigationbythemunicipalgovernmentrevealedthatShanghaiShengluFoodCompanyproducedmorethan3,000steamedbunsdaily.Thesewerethensoldacrossthecity,includinglargesupermarketssuchasHualian,LianhuaandDia.
FewersteamedbunswereforsaleatthisLianhuaSupermarket.Morethan32,000bunsweretakenoffstoreshelveswhenthescandalemerged.
Mr.Wang,SalesManagerofLianhuaSupermarket,said,“WeremovedthedyedsteamedbunsproducedbyShengluassoonaswelearnedoftheincident.Wegavecustomerswhohadboughtthesteamedbunsfromouroutletsrefundswiththeirreceipts.Despitethescandal,oursalesvolumehasbeenfinesofar.”
However,mostcustomerswemetremainedconcernedaboutfoodsafety.SteamedbunsarearegularbreakfastfoodforMs.Gao.Sheusedtobuythemmostlyfromsupermarketsbecauseshefeltitwasinacleanandsafeen
viro
nment.
Butnow,shehassecondthoughtsaboutbuyingthepopularsnack.
Ms.Gao,Shanghaishopper,said,“Ican’tbelievethatevensteamedbunsfromthesupermarketsarenolongersafe.TheonlyplacesItrustedtoshopatweremajorsupermarketsandspecialistshops.Butnoweventhere,productqualitycannotbeguaranteed.Ireallydon'tknowwheretobuymygoodsfrominthefuture.
Shoppersatsupermarketswhostillboughtsteamedbunssaidtheyhadfewoptions.“Ifeellikegivingupsupermarkets.ButIreallydon’tknowwheretodomyfoodshopping.Ican'tmakethesethingsmyself.”saidMs.Tang,Shanghaishopper.
1.ThecoloredbunsweresoldinsomelargesupermarketsEXCEPT______.
A.HualianB.LianhuaC.ShengluD.Dia
2.WhatMs.GaoandMs.Tangsaidsuggeststhat______.
A.theystilltrustmajorsupermarketswhenshopping
B.theywillmakefoodbythemselves
C.theywillnevergotosupermarkets
D.theyfeelconfusedaboutwheretobuysafefo
od
3.Theunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby______.
A.choicesB.ideasC.hintsD.marks
4.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Majorsupermarketsremovedthedyedsteamedbuns.
B.Dyedsteamedbunsbroughtgreatlosstomajorsupermarkets.
C.Famoussupermarketsareinvolvedinthebunscandal.
D.Dyedbunscandalhurtsconsumers’confidence.
5.Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthepassage?
A.Inafashionmagazine.B.Inanewspaper.C.Inaguidelinebook.D.Inanofficialdocument.
参考答案CDADB
C7[2013·江苏卷]B
We'veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:
hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers(票贩子),orpurchasingline-cuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).
Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,”haveanegalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.
Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit'sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.
Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:
“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.”Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It'sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.
Butdon'ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople'scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score”incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.
Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe'veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctors'offices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.
58.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,firstserved”?
A.Takingbuses.
B.Buyinghouses.
C.Flyingwithanairline.
D.Visitingamusementparks.
59.TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates________.
A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuing
B.theadvantageofmoderntechnology
C.theuncertaintyofallocationprinciple
D.thefairnessoftelephonicservices
60.Thepassageismeantto________.
A.justifypayingforfasterservices
B.discussthemoralsofallocatingthings
C.analyzethereasonforstandinginline
D.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping
【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文,主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。
作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题,要想得到快速的服务,就要额外付出更多的费用,由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。
58.A 推理判断题。
根据第二段中的“Firstcome,firstserved…”和第三段“Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.”可知选A项。
59.C 细节判断题。
根据第四段“Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.”和第五段可知,有时分配的原则是不断变化的,也就是说分配原则的不确定性,故选C项。
60.B 作者意图题。
本文主要阐述了如何进行分配,讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准,故选B项。
AfewyearsagoIaskedmychildren’sgoverness,JuliaVassilyevna,tocomeintomystudy.
“Sitdown,JuliaVassilyevna,”Isaid.“Let’ssettleouraccounts.Althoughyoumos
tlikelyneedsomemoney,youstandonceremonyandwon’taskforityourself.Nowthen,weagreeonthirtyrublesamonth…”
“Forty.”
“No,thirty.Imadeanoteofit.Ialwayspaythegovernessthirty.Nowthen,you’vebeenheretwomonths,so…”
“Twomonthsandfivedays.”
“Exactlytwomonths.Imadeaspecificnoteofit.Thatmeansyouhavesixtyrublescomingtoyou.SubtractnineSundays…youknowyoudidn’tworkwithKolyaonSundays,youonlytookwalks.Andthreeholidays…”
JuliaVassilyevnaflushedadeepredandpickedattheflounceofherdress,but---notaword.
“Threeholidays,thereforetakeofftwelverubles.FourdaysKolyawassickandtherewerenolessons,asyouwereoccupiedonlywithVanya.Threedaysyouhadatoothacheandmywif
egaveyoupermissionnottoworkafterlunch.Twelveandseven---nineteen.Subtract…thatleaves…hmm…forty-onerubles.Correct?
”
JuliaVassilyena’slefteyereddenedandfilledwithmoisture.Herchintrembled;shecoughednervouslyandblewhernose,but---notaword.
“AroundNewYear’syoubrokeateacupandsaucer:
takeofftworubles.Thecupcostmore,itwasanheirloom,but---letitgo.Whendidn’tItakealoss?
Then,duetoyourneglect,Kolyaclimbedatreeandtorehisjacket:
takeofften.AlsoduetoyourheedlessnessthemaidstoleVanya’sshoes.Yououghttowatcheverything!
Yougetpaidforit.So,thatmeansfivemorerublesoff.ThetenthofJanuaryIgaveyoutenrubles…”
“Youdidn’t”whisperedJuliaVassilyevna.
“ButImadeanoteofit.”
“Well…allright.”
“Taketwenty-sevenfromforty-one---thatleavesfourteen.”
Botheyesfilledwithtears.Perspirationappearedonthethin,prettylittlenose.Poorgirl!
“OnlyoncewasIgivenanymoney,”shesaidinatremblingvoice,“andthatwasbyyourwife.Threerubles,nothingmore.”
“Really?
Youseenow,andIdidn’tmakeanoteof
it!
Takethreefromfourteen…leaveseleven.Here’syourmoney,mydear.Three,three,three,oneandone.Hereitis!
”
Ihandedherelevenrubles.Shetookthemandwithtremblingfingersstuffedthemintoherpocket.
“Merci,”shewhispered.
Ijumpedupandstartedpacingtheroom.Iwasovercomewithanger.
“Forwhat,this---‘merci’?
”Iasked.
“Forthemoney.”
“ButyouknowI’vecheatedyou,God’ssake---robbedyou!
Ihaveactuallystolenfromyou!
Whythis‘merci’?
”
“Inmyotherplacestheydidn’tgivemeanythingatall.”
“Theydidn’tgiveyouanything?
Nowonder!
Iplayedalittlejokeonyou,acruellesson,justtoteachyou…I’mgoingtogiveyoutheentireeightyrubles!
Heretheyareinanenvelopeallreadyforyou…Isitreallypossibletobesospineless?
Whydon’tyouprotest?
Whybesilent?
Isitpossibleinthisworldtobewithoutteethandclaws---tobesuchanincompoop?
”
ShesmiledcrookedlyandIreadinherexpression:
“Itispossible.”
Iaskedherpardonforthecruellessonand,tohergreatsurprise,gavehertheeightyrubles.Shemurmuredherlitter“merci”severaltimesandwentout.Ilookedafterherandthought:
“Howeasyitistocrushtheweakinthisworld!
”
16.WhentheemployercalledJuliaVassilyevnaintotalkwithhim,whathereallywantedtodowas_______
A.tosettletheiraccounts
B.tocriticizeherforneglectingherdutiesasagoverness.
C.toplayajokeonhersoastoamusehimself.
D.toteachhernottobesospineless.
17.TheemployermadeallthosecriticismsaboutJuliaVassiliyevna’sworkbecause__________
A.shehadneglectedherduties.
B.hewantedtopayheraslittlemoneyaspossible.
C.hewantedtomakeherrealizethat