远大前程英文读后感.docx

远大前程英文读后感.docx

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远大前程英文读后感

CHARLESDICKENS:

THEAUTHORANDHISTIMES

Dickensisoneoftheworld'sbest-lovedwriters,andGreat

ExpectationsmaybeDickens'mostautobiographicalwork.ThenarratorofGreatExpectations,Pip,is,incontrast,a

manofmanyfaults,whohidesnoneofthemfromthereader.IfPip

isaself-portrait,Dickensmusthavebeenareservoir（2.储藏,汇集）of

inferioritycomplexes,guilt,andshame.

ManyotheraspectsofGreatExpectationsareautobiographical,too.

ThebeginningofthenovelissetshortlyafterDickens'birthdate

（1812）inthecountryofhischildhood--theKentishcountrysideby

thesea（thenearestlargetownisRochester,whereMissHavisham

lives）.Dickenswasn'tanorphan,asPipis,buthemaywellhave

feltlikeone.Hisparents,JohnandElizabethDickens,were

sociable,pleasantpeople,butMrs.Dickenswasacareless

housekeeperandMr.Dickens,aminorcivilservantalwaysspentmore

moneythanhemade.WhenCharles,whowastheeldestboy,wasnine,

theDickensespulleduprootsandmovedtoLondontotrytolive

morecheaply.Charleswasappalledbythecramped,grubbyhousethey

livedinthere,andevenmoreashamedwhenhisfatherwasarrested

andtakentodebtors'prison.TherestoftheDickenseswereallowed

tomoveintoprisonwiththeirfather,buttwelve-year-oldCharles

hadtoliveonhisownoutside.

Hismotherarrangedforhimtogetajobinafilthy,rat-infested

warehouse,pastinglabelsonbottlesofbootblacking（akindof

shoepolish）.Thistimeofhislifewassomiserablethathenever

toldanyone,notevenhisownwifeorchildren,aboutit.Hewas

called"theyounggentleman"bytheotherboysatthefactory,who

resentedhisairofbeingbetterthantheywere.Buthedidfeel

thathe'dcomedowninlife,andhedevelopedabittersenseof

ambitionandself-reliance:

hevowednevertolethimselfbepooror

indebtagain.Thissituationlastedonlyafewmonths;thenJohn

Dickensreceivedaninheritancefromarichaunt（awindfallof

moneyalsocropsupinGreatExpectations）andthefamilymovedout

ofprison.Aftermuchpleading,Charleswasallowedtoquithisjob,

butheneverforgavehisparentsformakinghimtakeit.Yetlater,

whenhegrewupandbecamewealthy,hisirresponsibleparents

blithelyspongedoffhim,untilhebasicallyhadtodisownthem.

It'snowonderthathisbooksarefullofinadequateparentswho

havewarpedtheirchildren.

Afterleavingthewarehouse,Charleswasallowedtoreturntoschool,

buttheschoolmasterwassocruelandmalicious（1.恶意的,恶毒的）thattheboylearned

almostnothing（hisbooksarefullofterribleschoolsandteachers,

too）.Hefeltcheatedbecauseheneverdidgettheclassical

educationofanEnglishgentleman;instead,hehadtopickupwhat

hecouldhimself,mostlybyreadingnovelsandbygoingtothe

theater,whichhelovedhiswholelifelong.Forawhilehethought

aboutbecominganactor,butactingwasn'tarespectablecareerback

then,andCharlesdesperatelywantedtoberespectable.Instead,he

tookajobasalawclerk（lawyersandthecomplexlegalsystemare

oftensatirizedinhisnovels）.Fromtherehewentontobecomea

courtreporter,thenanewspaperreporterassignedtocover

Parliament.Thisbroughthimhisfirstreputation,asapolitical

commentator.Histalentwasobviousand,coupledwithhisamazing

capacityforhardwork,fueledbyfierceambition,herosequickly

intheworldofjournalism.Eventually,hewasaskedtowritehis

firstbookoffiction,ThePickwickPapers,alooseseriesof

comicalsketcheswhichmadehimanovernightsensation.Hewasonly

25,butfromthenoneverythinghedidwasgolden.Hisnovelswere

alwaysbest-sellers,andhewasacelebrity,asamovieidolorpop

starwouldbetoday.

Hispersonallife,however,wasnotsomagical.Thefirstgirlhe

hadfalleninlovewith,MariaBeadnell,teasedandflirtedwithhim

forayearbeforeshesuddenlyrefusedtoseehimagain;onthe

rebound,desperatetobemarried,heproposedtoCatherineHogarth,

justbeforehisfirstbigsuccess.Catherinewasprobablyagood

woman,butshewasdullandneverunderstoodherbrilliant,insecure

husband.Althoughtheyhadtenchildren,theywereneverhappy

together.Twenty-twoyearslater,theyfinallyseparated--scandalous

behaviorforthosetimes,especiallyforsuchapublicfigureas

Dickenshadbecome.Toaddtothescandal,themiddle-agedDickens

hadfalleninlovewithacoy,coldyoungactressnamedEllenTernan,

whoapparentlystrunghimalongheartlessly.

PerhapsthisiswhyDickenswassoeagertoholdontohisreading

public;hefeltclosertothemthantohisownfamilyandfriends.

Atleasthisreadersalwaysadoredhim.Inthenineteenthcentury,

beforeradioortelevisionormovies,novelswerethemainformof

popularentertainment.Familiesreadthemtogetherbythefireside

atnight,andevenpoorpeoplewhocouldn'treadwouldmeet

regularlyonthestreetcornerorinataverntolistentosomeone

readingabook,chapterbychapter,outloud.Dickenshadanatural

instinctsatisfyingthiswideaudience.Heincludedalllevelsof

entertainment:

politicalsatire,floweryromance,weepymelodrama,

spine-tinglingmystery,andbroadslapstickcomedy.Hiscastof

characterswasdrawnfromallsocialclasses.

EventhoughheconstantlycriticizedEnglishsociety,however,

Dickenswastoomuchamanofhistimetoquestionthefundamental

valuesoftheVictorianage.Likehisreaders,hebelievedina

happyfamilylife,Christianity,materialprosperity,hardwork,and

humandecency.Inhisbooksthosearetheingredientsofahappy

ending.

Inhislife,thoseingredientsweren'tquitesosatisfying--andhe

couldn'tunderstandwhy.Atthepinnacleofhisachievement,Dickens

feltthateverythinghehadworkedforhadturnedintohollowand

ashydisappointment.Inspiteofallhispoliticalsatire,society

hadn'tchangedforthebetter.Althoughhewasawealthymannow,it

onlymeanthehadtosustainamoreexpensivelifestyle.Hecouldn't

seemtogetclosetohischildren.Asacelebrity,henolongerfelt

hebelongedtoanysocialclass,orhadanyrealfriends.Itwasin

thismoodthathecommencedwritingGreatExpectationsin1860.But

writingbroughtnorelease.Forthenextfewyearsofhislife,

Dickensincreasinglyusedhardworktostaveoffdepression,butit

onlyruinedhishealth,andeventuallyledtohisdeathofastroke

in1870.

Inspiteofhisdepression,DickensmanagedtoincludeinGreat

Expectationstheirrepressiblecomedyhewasknownandlovedfor.

Hisdrivingneedtopleasehispublickepthimonbalance.The

novel'sthemes,however,areveryserious.Hewritesabouthuman

natureitself,amixtureofmisery,joy,hope,anddespair.Dickens

didnotwritesuchaprofoundnovelbecausehispublicdemanded

somethingheavy;hewroteitbecausehisvisionoflifewasgrowing

complex,andhewastoogreatageniustosimplifyit.Luckily,he

wasalsoagreatenoughgeniustowriteabookthatpeoplecould

enjoy.ThoughDickensbaredhispsychologicalproblemsinthisnovel,

hewasstilltryingtoreachouttohisreaders,tomakethemsee

theirownlivesmoreclearly.Perhapsthisiswhypeoplelove

Dickens--becauseheissohuman,sohonest,andsomuchlikeallof

us.

GREATEXPECTATIONS:

THEPLOT

Inavillagecemetery,asmallboy,Pip,isaccostedbyarunaway

convict（1.囚犯）whodemandsfoodandafiletosawoff（1.锯去,锯掉）hislegiron.

Terrified,Pipstealstheitemsfromthehomewherehehasbeen

livingwithhissisterandherhusbandJoesincehisparentsdied.

Soonafter,theconvictisrecapturedwhenhestopstofightwith

anotherfugitive逃亡者outonthemarshes;heprotectsPip,however,by

sayingthathestolethethingsfromthehousehimself.

Notlongafterthis,Pipisinvitedtothegloomyhomeofrich,

eccentricMissHavisham,whowantsaboyto"play"forheramusement.

ButPip'srealroleatMissHavisham'sturnsouttobeasatoyfor

MissHavisham'sadopteddaughter,Estella,whohasbeenraisedwith

onepurpose--tobreakmen'shearts,inrevengeforthetimewhen

MissHavishamwasdesertedonherweddingdayyearsago.Pipfalls

inlovewithEstellaandbecomesself-consciousabouthislowsocial

classandunpolishedmanners.Fromthenon,hisabidingdreamisto

beagentleman.Heisbitterlydisappointedwhenhebecomesa

teenagerandMissHavishamseesnothingbetterforhimthanto

becomeapprenticedtohisbrother-in-lawJoeathisblacksmith's

forge.AlsoattheforgeisOrlick,aslouching,belligerentyoung

manwhoattacksPip'soldersister,Mrs.JoeGargery,onenight,

leavingherdumbandparalyzed.AlthoughPipseesnoescapefrom

thispathoflife,heconfessestoBiddy,thevillagegirlwhohelps

careforMrs.Joe,thathestillhopestobecomeagentlemanand

marryEstella.

ThenaLondonlawyer,Jaggers,comestothevillagetotellPipthat

hehascomeintoafortunefromananonymoussource.BecausePip

oncesawJaggersatMissHavisham'sheimmediatelyassumesthatshe

ishissecretbenefactorandthatsheintendsforhimtomarry

Estella.PipgoestoLondontobecomeagentleman.Histutorisa

cousinofMissHavisham's,MatthewPocket,whosesonHerbertbecomes

Pip'sroommateandbestfriend.PipturnshisbackonJoeandBiddy,

embarrassedbyhishumbleroots.EvenwhenhegoeshomeforMrs.

Joe'sfuneral,hetreatstheminacondescendingmanner.InLondon,

hepicksupextravaganthabits,andbothheandHerbertgetinto

debt.WhenPipturnstwenty-one,however,hegetsaregular

allowanceoffivehundredpoundsayear;thefirstthinghedoes

withthisistobuyHerbertapartnershipinashippingfirm,

withoutHerberteverknowingwhowasrespon