stepbystep3000第三册unit5答案及原文.docx

stepbystep3000第三册unit5答案及原文.docx

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stepbystep3000第三册unit5答案及原文

PartI

A1

1.AsuccessfulbraintissuetransplantcarriedoutbyaSouthAfricansurgeon.

2.Thediscoveryofanewwaytoincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapy.

3.Thepossibilityofanewwaytotreatglaucoma.

4.Anewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomes.

Anewresearchonwritingwhichshowsthatwritingcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessimprovetheirhealth.

5.Thetheoryandfunctionofacupuncture.

A2

1.Aweekago/Parkinson’sdisease.

2.Anaturaldefensemechanism

3.Thedeathofbraincells

4.Meetingpatients’psychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.

5.Sideeffects/cutbackonmedication.

1.Theworld’sleadingtransplantsurgeon,DrChristopherBernard,hascarriedoutoneofthemostdifficultbraintissuetransplantsyetattempted.TheSouthAfricansurgeonhassucceededintransplantingtissuesintothehumanbraininwhatisthoughttobethefirstoperationofitskind.ThesurgerywasperformedaweekagoonapatientsufferingfromParkinson’sdisease.Aportionofthepatient’sadrenalglandwasimplantedintoapartofthepatient’sbrain,anoperationwhichhaspreviouslybeenperformedonlyonratsandmonkeys.

2.Approximatelyathirdofallpeopledevelopcanceratonepointintheirlives.Chemotherapyhasitslimitations,butitisoneofthemajortreatmentoptions.SomeAmericanscientistshavediscoveredtheycanincreasetheeffectivenessofchemotherapybyinhibitinganaturaldefensemechanismemployedbycancercells.

3.Glaucomaisresponsibleforblindnessinanestimated67millionpeoplearoundtheworld.Untilnow,treatmentshavefocusedexclusivelyontheeyes.Butthatmaychangeinthenextfewyear,followingthediscoverythatglaucomainvolvesthedeathofbraincells.

4.Newresearchshowsthatthesimpleactofwritingdownthoughtsaboutastressfuleventcanhelppeoplewithchronicillnessesimprovetheirhealth.Thisisthefirststudytoshowthatwritingcanresultinclinicallymeaningfuloutcomesforchronically-illpatients.Thestudyaddstothegrowingamountofscientificliteraturesuggestingthatmeetingpatient’spsychologicalneedsproducesphysicalhealthbenefits.

5.TraditionalChinesemedicinesaysthatgoodhealthisassociatedwiththebalanceofQi.Qicanbehinderedorhelpedbyyangandyin.Accordingtotraditionaltheory,thegoalofacupunctureistopromotetheflowofqibykeepingyinandyanginbalance----andthisisdonebyinsertingneedlesatvariouspointsalongprimarychannelsandmeridiansthatcrisscrossthebody.Oneofthekeybenefitsofacupunctureisthatithasfew,ifany,side-effects;andthatwhenusedwithstandarddrugtreatment---inanesthesia,forexample---itallowsphysicianstocutbackonmedication,deliveringthesamelevelofbenefitwithfewernegativeeffects/

B

1.Instructions/characteristic/DNA/inserts/another/organism/geneticallymodifiedorganism/geneticengineering

2.Artificialfertilizers/pestcontrol/food/farming/artificialfertilizers/half

3.Geneticmaterial/unrelated/anotherspecies/animal/plant/goingacross

4.Animals/cows,goatsandpigs/geneticallychanged/pharmaceuticaldrugs/farming

5.Novel/1797-1851/scientist/subhuman/destroying/creationthatendsupdestroyingthecreator.

、

PartII（答案见听力原文中的红色部分）

InNorthBeachinSanFrancisco,wheresomeprettysuperfoodgetsservedeverynight.

“Absolutelyverysuperfood!

”“andIreallylikethetasteofit”

Butwe’renotjusttalkingabouttaste.Researchnowshowsthatsomefoods,includingtomatoes,onions,garlic,andoliveoil----areamongthesuperfoods.Superfoodsarepackedwithpowerfulchemicalsthatmayofferyourbodygreatprotectionagainstchronicdisease

“Includingcancer,obesity,heartdisease.Vibrantlycoloredred,yellow,orangeandgreenallgivingyoudifferenttypesofphytochemicals.”

NatalieLedsmaisaregistereddieticianatU.C.S.F.shesayscompoundsfoundinsuperfoods---calledphytochemicals----canreducetheriskofcancer,boosttheimmunesystem,andprotecttheheart.Sheshoweduswhateveryoneshouldtrytoeateachweekforoptimalhealth.

Onehershoppinglist?

Herbs!

“Darkgreenones（herbs）,likerosemaryandthyme,andanyintenselycoloredspice,liketurmericorredpepper.”

“Bothofthosehaveanti-inflammatoryproperties.”

Turmericmanyreducetheriskofleukemia,skin,andlivercancers.Hotpeppersmayreducetheriskofcolon,stomach,andrectalcancers.Alsoonthelist:

greenveggies.Butnotjustnaygreenveggy.

“Brusselssproutsarepartofthecruciferousvegetablefamilythathassignificantanti-cancerproperties,andthatfamilyalsohasaveryfavorableeffectonhormonemetabolism.”

Othercruciferousveggiesincludecabbage,broccoli,andcauliflower.Anddon’tforgetthetomato.

“itisprobablythebestsourceoflycopene,whichisoneofthephytochemicalsthathasshownsignificantanticancerproperties,especiallywithprostateandpotentiallylungandbreastcanceraswell.”

Asforfruit,citruscontainsVitaminsC,limonoids,andphenols,whichinactivatecancercellsandstrengthentheimmunesystem.Cantaloupes,mangosandcarrotscontaincancer-fightingcarotenoids.Andberriesareburstingwithflavonoidsandellagicacid----antioxidantsthatprotectagainstcancer,ulcers,andviruses.Natalierecommendsorganic.

“Organicfruitsandvegetableshaveshownnotonlytohavelowerpesticidetoxicitiesandlowerpesticidelevels,butalsonowhavebeenshowntohavehigherphytochemicalcontent.”

Don’tforgetthefattyfishorflaxseed----bothareexcellentsourceofOmega3fattyacidsthatinhibitthegrowthofcancercellsandboosttheimmunesystem,oliveoil,whichmayreducebreast,prostate,orcoloncancer,andsoy.

“soyhasprotectiveeffectsforheartdiseaseaswellasosteoporosis,potentially.”

Andfinallyonions,garlic,andshallots.Theymayprotecttheheartfightcancer,andhelpwithasthma.

B

I.HarvardMedicalSchool

II.Borderlinehighbloodpressure

III.10/7

IV.Cardiovascular/byaquarter

Chancesofdyingfromcardiovasculardiseasefallingby5/1

V.A:

nomorethan3grams

B:

fastfood

C:

labels

D:

freshfruitandvegetables

听力原文：

Saltiscrucialtoourhealth,buttoomuchofitcanputhumanatriskfromhighbloodpressure,heartdiseaseandstroke.Manyreports,researchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolsaythesignificantreductioninsaltintakecancutthechancesofheartdiseaseandstrokesbyaquarter.Hereisourhealthcorrespondent,AdamBrimelow.

It’slongbeenknownthatcuttingsaltcanreducebloodpressure.Buttherehasbeenmuchlessevidenceofwhatitmeansforcardiovasculardisease,includingheartattacksandstrokes.TheHarvardteamfolloweduppeoplewithborderlinehighbloodpressure,whohadtakeninpartintwosaltreductionstudies,typicallycuttingintakefrom10to7gramsaday.Theriskofdevelopingcardiovasculardiseaseoverthenextdecadeorsowascutbyaquartercomparedwiththosewhodidnotreducetheirsaltintake.Andtheirchancesofdyingfromcardiovasculardiseasefellby5/1.IndevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandtheUK,theaverageadultdailysaltintakeisabout10grams.Muchofthisisalreadyinthefoodthatpeoplebuy,includingprocessedfoodsandbread.Manyexpertssaynooneshouldhavemorethan3grams.Theysaythebestwaytocutsalt,istogetawayfromfastfood,checklabelsandhaveplentyoffreshfruitandvegetable.AdamBrimelowreporting.

PartIIIMedicalemergency911

A

（3）a.HowSYSCOMoperates

（4）b.PurposeofSYSCOM

（2）c.Treatmentbyambulanceworkers

（1）d.Responsetoshootingaccident

B.

1.WhathappensinMarylandwhenthereisaseriousaccident?

2.Whatresponseismadetotheaccidentreportedto9117WhatdoesLieutenantMikeFaheydo?

3.Whatdotheambulanceparamedicsdoforthispatient?

4.WhatisSYSCOM?

Whatdoesitdo?

5.Whatisthepurposeofthissystem?

C

1.Howdoesthissystemhelpifyouhaveaseriousaccident?

a.Knowwhereandwhenanaccidenthappens

b.Immediateaction/life-savingcare

2.Howisthissystemactivated?

Bydialing911

3.Whereisyourcallforwarded?

Tofiredepartment'semergencyrescueservice/thento

nearesthelp/dependingoninformationgiven

4.Inthisreport,whatkindofaccidenthashappened?

Shootingaccident

5.Whorespondsfirst?

Howlongdocsittaketorespond?

Paramedicsupervisor/9min.

6.HowdocsLt.Faheyact?

Whateffectdocshehaveonthe

patient?

Deliberately/calmly/calmpatientdown

7.Whatconditionisthepatientinwhenheisputintheambulance?

Inshock

8.Whathaseveryoneagreedtodoforthisman?

Why?

Sendhimtotheregionalshocktraumacenter/centeris6min.awaybyland/available/equippedforhisinjury

9.WhatisSYSCOM?

StatewideSystemcommunicationCenter

10.WhatimportantfunctiondocsSYSCOMserve?

Dispatchpointforhelicopters

11.WhatcanSYSCOMdoforparamedics?

Connectthembyradiotohospitalsandemergencyspecialists

12.AccordingtoDrR.AdamsCowley,whatneedstobedoneinordertosaveaperson'slife?

Stopbleedingandrestorebloodpressurewithinanhourofaccident

C:

1.a:

knowwhereandwhenanaccidenthappens

b.immediateaction/life-savingcare

2.bydialing911

3.tofiredepartment’semergencyrescueservice/thentonearesthelp/dependingoninformationgiven

4.shootingaccident

5.paramedicsupervisor/9min

6.deliberately/calmly/calmpatientdown

7.inshock

8.sendhimtotheregionalshocktraumacenter/centeris6min.awaybyland/available/equippedforhisinjury

9.the