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英国一家网站评出十大有害书籍
英国一家网站评出十大有害书籍
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TenMostHarmfulBooksofthe19thand20thCenturies
05/31/2005
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HUMANEVENTS askedapanelof15conservativescholarsandpublicpolicyleaderstohelpuscompilealistoftheTenMostHarmfulBooksofthe19thand20thCenturies.Eachpanelistnominatedanumberoftitlesandthenvotedonaballotincludingallbooksnominated.Atitlereceivedascoreof10pointsforbeinglistedNo.1byoneofourpanelists,9pointsforbeinglistedNo.2,etc.Appropriately,TheCommunistManifesto,byKarlMarxandFriedrichEngels,earnedthehighestaggregatescoreandtheNo.1listing.
1.TheCommunistManifesto
Authors:
KarlMarxandFreidrichEngelsPublicationdate:
1848Score:
74Summary:
MarxandEngels,borninGermanyin1818and1820,respectively,weretheintellectualgodfathersofcommunism.Engelswastheoriginallimousineleftist:
Awealthytextileheir,hefinancedMarxformuchofhislife.In1848,thetwoco-authoredTheCommunistManifestoasaplatformforagrouptheybelongedtocalledtheCommunistLeague.TheManifestoenvisionshistoryasaclassstrugglebetweenoppressedworkersandoppressiveowners,callingforaworkers’revolutionsoproperty,familyandnation-statescanbeabolishedandaproletarianUtopiaestablished.TheEvilEmpireoftheSovietUnionputtheManifestointopractice.
2.MeinKampf
Author:
AdolfHitlerPublicationdate:
1925-26Score:
41Summary:
MeinKampf(MyStruggle)wasinitiallypublishedintwopartsin1925and1926afterHitlerwasimprisonedforleadingNaziBrownShirtsintheso-called“BeerHallPutsch”thattriedtooverthrowtheBavariangovernment.HereHitlerexplainedhisracist,anti-SemiticvisionforGermany,layingoutaNaziprogrampointingdirectlytoWorldWarIIandtheHolocaust.HeenvisionedthemassmurderofJews,andawaragainstFrancetoprecedeawaragainstRussiatocarveout“lebensraum”(“livingroom”)forGermansinEasternEurope.Thebookwasoriginallyignored.ButnotafterHitlerrosetopower.AccordingtotheSimonWiesenthalCenter,therewere10millioncopiesincirculationby1945.
3.QuotationsfromChairmanMao
Author:
MaoZedongPublicationdate:
1966Score:
38Summary:
Mao,whodiedin1976,wastheleaderoftheRedArmyinthefightforcontrolofChinaagainsttheanti-CommunistforcesofChiangKai-shekbefore,duringandafterWorldWarII.Victorious,in1949,hefoundedthePeople’sRepublicofChina,enslavingtheworld’smostpopulousnationincommunism.In1966,hepublishedQuotationsfromChairmanMaoZedong,otherwiseknownasTheLittleRedBook,asatoolinthe“CulturalRevolution”helaunchedtopushtheChineseCommunistPartyandChinesesocietybackinhisideologicaldirection.AidedbycompulsorydistributioninChina,billionswereprinted.WesternleftistswereenamoredwithitsMarxistanti-Americanism.“Itisthetaskofthepeopleofthewholeworldtoputanendtotheaggressionandoppressionperpetratedbyimperialism,andchieflybyU.S.imperialism,”wroteMao.
4.TheKinseyReport
Author:
AlfredKinseyPublicationdate:
1948Score:
37Summary:
AlfredKinseywasazoologistatIndianaUniversitywho,in1948,publishedastudycalledSexualBehaviorintheHumanMale,commonlyknownasTheKinseyReport.Fiveyearslater,hepublishedSexualBehaviorintheHumanFemale.Thereportsweredesignedtogiveascientificglosstothenormalizationofpromiscuityanddeviancy.“Kinsey’sinitialreport,releasedin1948...stunnedthenationbysayingthatAmericanmenweresosexuallywildthat95%ofthemcouldbeaccusedofsomekindofsexualoffenseunder1940slaws,”theWashingtonTimesreportedlastyearwhenamovieonKinseywasreleased.“Thereportincludedreportsofsexualactivitybyboys--evenbabies--andsaidthat37%ofadultmaleshadhadatleastonehomosexualexperience....The1953bookalsoincludedreportsofsexualactivityinvolvinggirlsyoungerthanage4,andsuggestedthatsexbetweenadultsandchildrencouldbebeneficial.”
5.DemocracyandEducation
Author:
JohnDeweyPublicationdate:
1916Score:
36Summary:
JohnDewey,wholivedfrom1859until1952,wasa“progressive”philosopherandleadingadvocateforsecularhumanisminAmericanlife,whotaughtattheUniversityofChicagoandatColumbia.HesignedtheHumanistManifestoandrejectedtraditionalreligionandmoralabsolutes.InDemocracyandEducation,inpompousandopaqueprose,hedisparagedschoolingthatfocusedontraditionalcharacterdevelopmentandendowingchildrenwithhardknowledge,andencouragedtheteachingofthinking“skills”instead.HisviewshadgreatinfluenceonthedirectionofAmericaneducation--particularlyinpublicschools--andhelpednurturetheClintongeneration.
6.DasKapital
Author:
KarlMarxPublicationdate:
1867-1894Score:
31Summary:
Marxdiedafterpublishingafirstvolumeofthismassivebook,afterwhichhisbenefactorEngelseditedandpublishedtwoadditionalvolumesthatMarxhaddrafted.DasKapitalforcestheroundpegofcapitalismintothesquareholeofMarx’smaterialistictheoryofhistory,portrayingcapitalismasanuglyphaseinthedevelopmentofhumansocietyinwhichcapitalistsinevitablyandamorallyexploitlaborbypayingthecheapestpossiblewagestoearnthegreatestpossibleprofits.Marxtheorizedthattheinevitableeventualoutcomewouldbeglobalproletarianrevolution.Hecouldnothavepredicted21stCenturyAmerica:
afree,affluentsocietybasedoncapitalismandrepresentativegovernmentthatpeopletheworldoverenvyandseektoemulate.
7.TheFeminineMystique
Author:
BettyFriedanPublicationdate:
1963Score:
30Summary:
InTheFeminineMystique,BettyFriedan,bornin1921,disparagedtraditionalstay-at-homemotherhoodaslifein“acomfortableconcentrationcamp”--arolethatdegradedwomenanddeniedthemtruefulfillmentinlife.ShelaterbecamefoundingpresidentoftheNationalOrganizationforWomen.Heroriginalvocation,tellingly,wasnotstay-at-homemotherhoodbutleft-wingjournalism.AsDavidHorowitzwroteinareviewforSofBettyFriedanandtheMakingoftheFeminineMystiquebyDanielHorowitz(norelationtoDavid):
Theauthordocumentsthat“Friedanwasfromhercollegedays,anduntilhermid-30s,aStalinistMarxist,thepoliticalintimateoftheleadersofAmerica’sColdWarfifthcolumnandforatimeeventheloverofayoungCommunistphysicistworkingonatomicbombprojectsinBerkeley’sradiationlabwithJ.RobertOppenheimer.”
8.TheCourseofPositivePhilosophy
Author:
AugusteComtePublicationdate:
1830-1842Score:
28Summary:
Comte,theproductofaroyalistCatholicfamilythatsurvivedtheFrenchRevolution,turnedhisbackonhispoliticalandculturalheritage,announcingasateenager,“IhavenaturallyceasedtobelieveinGod.”Later,inthesixvolumesofTheCourseofPositivePhilosophy,hecoinedtheterm“sociology.”Hedidsowhiletheorizingthatthehumanmindhaddevelopedbeyond“theology”(abeliefthatthereisaGodwhogovernstheuniverse),through“metaphysics”(inthiscasedefinedastheFrenchrevolutionaries’relianceonabstractassertionsof“rights”withoutaGod),to“positivism,”inwhichmanalone,throughscientificobservation,coulddeterminethewaythingsoughttobe.
9.BeyondGoodandEvil
Author:
FreidrichNietzschePublicationdate:
1886Score:
28Summary:
Anoft-scribbledbitofcollege-campusgraffitisays:
“‘Godisdead’--Nietzsche”followedby“‘Nietzscheisdead’--God.”Nietzsche’sprofessionthat“Godisdead”appearedinhis1882book,TheGayScience,butunder-girdedthebasicthemeofBeyondGoodandEvil,whichwaspublishedfouryearslater.HereNietzschearguedthatmenaredrivenbyanamoral“WilltoPower,”andthatsuperiormenwillsweepasidereligiouslyinspiredmoralrules,whichhedeemedasartificialasanyothermoralrules,tocraftwhateverruleswouldhelpthemdominatetheworldaroundthem.“Lifeitselfisessentiallyappropriation,injury,overpoweringofthestrangeandweaker,suppression,severity,impositionofone’sownforms,incorporationand,attheleastandmildest,exploitation,”hewrote.TheNazisloved