德伯家的苔丝的论文.docx

德伯家的苔丝的论文.docx

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德伯家的苔丝的论文

本科毕业论文（设计）

安徽大学教务处　制

THEANALYSISofTESSANDHERTRAGEDY

Acknowledgements

Thispaperisaccomplishedunderthepatientandrigoroussupervisionofmyrespectedsupervisor,ChenYanqin.Iamgratefultoherforherdirectionsandvaluablesuggestionsandconstantencouragementthroughoutthewritingofthispaper.Firstly,shemadealotofcorrectionsastothelanguageandformofthepaper,gavemesuggestionsonhowtowritethepaperandhowtomakeitbetterandimprovedsomeideasinmypaper.Moreover,shegavealotofencouragementduringthefinishingofthispaper.Withouthersupervising,thispaperwouldneverhavecometothepresentform.

I’dalsoliketoexpressmythankstoallmyteachersintheSchoolofForeignStudieswhogavemealotofknowledgeconcerninglanguage,literature,linguisticsandtranslationtheoriesinmyfour-yearstudyinthisuniversity.Theirlectureshavebroadenedmyknowledgeandhorizon.Ihavebenefitedalotfromtheirteachingwhichisofgreathelpformystudy.

Atlast,mygratitudegoestomyfriendswithwhomIoftenhavediscussion.Theygavemealotofsuggestionsandinspirationswhichareofgreathelptothewritingofthispaper.

、

Abstract

TessisatragicimageoflovecreatedbyThomasHardy.Tessrepresentedthesacrificeofthatage.Shetakesontheburdenofherwholefamilyasa17-year-oldgirl.TessishumiliatedbyAlecandabandonedbyAngel.Fromthepointofruralculturethispaperexploresthereasonofthetragedyindepthbystudyingthecharacteristicsofrurallife,theatmosphereoftraditionalcultureandthebackgroundoftheera.ByinterpretingtheinfluenceofruralcultureonTessandhertragicfate,thispaperholdsthatthecharactersofpurity,kindness,industry,braveryperformedbyTessandthespiritofsacrificeforfamily,fatalisticthinkingandtraditionalmoralityareallsubjecttothegreatimpactoftheruralculture,whicheventuallyledtothetragedyofTess.

KeyWords:

TessoftheD’Urbervilles;sacrifice;ruralculture;tragedies

分析苔丝以及造成她的悲剧的原因

9

摘要

苔丝是一个被托马斯·哈代创造的典型的爱人形象，代表了那个时代的牺牲形象。

苔丝在17岁时就扛起了整个家庭的重担。

苔丝被艾克羞辱，并被安格抛弃。

从乡村文化的角度出发，在研究《德伯家的苔丝》的乡村特色和传统的文化氛围以及时代背景下，深度的挖掘苔丝悲剧命运的原因。

苔丝所表现的纯洁，善良，勤劳，勇敢为家人牺牲及她的想法和传统思想观念，无疑受到了乡村文化的影响，是最终导致苔丝悲剧命运的原因。

关键词：

徳伯家的苔丝；牺牲；乡村生活；悲剧

Thesisstatement:

TheruralcultureandthetraditionallifeleadtoTess’stragedy.

Outline

THEANALYSISofTESSANDHERTRAGEDY

I.Introduction

Beforethecharactersareanalyzedabriefintroductionofthenovelisnecessary.TessistheeldestgirloftheDurbeyfields,whichincludesherparentsandhersevenyoungersistersandbrothers.Herfamilyispoor;andfatherthinksthatheistoohigh-borntoworksoastosupporthisfamily,thatmerelybecausehelearnedthathewasdescendedfromthefamousD’UbrivilleLine.HopingtoreceivehelpfromthefamousD’UbrivillerelativesTesswenttotheso-calledrelatives:

ablindmotherandadappersonAlec.Thereshegotnohelpbutturnedouttobeaservant,andworsestill,shewasseducedandpossessedbytherelativeAlec.Tesswasdeeplyhurtinherheartandhumiliatedforthat,andthenescapedbackforhelp.Butthefamilydidnohelpandshewenttoadairyfarmfarinthesouththereshebecameadairymaid,partiallytoescapeAlec,partiallytoearnmoneyforherfamily.Thereshegavebirthtoababy,butitdiedafterseveralmonths.LateronshemetanotherboyAngelClare,apastor’sson.Theyallbecamecapturesoflovetogether.ButTesswasafraidoflovesosherejectedAngelseveraltimesandshethoughtthatshewasunworthyofAngel’sloveduetoherunfortunateexperiencewithAlec.AtlastshefailedtorejectandonthenightbeforetheirweddingshehadtowritealetterandputitunderAngel’sdoortotellhimherpastinordertoavoidsadnessincaseAngelcouldnotaccepthertruth.UnfortunatelyAngeldidn’treadtheletterandmarriedherwithoutknowingherpast.OntheirweddingnightAngeltoldTesshisdebaucheryofaneveningbefore,Tessforgavehimandtoldhimaboutherdeadbabypitifully.Sheforgothermother’swarningthatneverletherfuturehusbandknowaboutherpastbecauseshebelievedthatAngelalsowouldforgiveherasshehadhim.Butitwasnotthecaseatall,Angelstunned,hecouldnotacceptTess.ThenhetookherbackherhomeandhelefttoBrazil.UnderfinancialpressureTesshadtoworkfromplacetoplace,herlifewasuneasy.Alecinthemeantimehadrepentedofhissinsandhasbecomeanitinerantpreacher.TheymetagainandAleccouldnothelphimselffromlustafterTess.TheylivedtogetherforTesswrotetoAngelbutgotnoreplyforalongtime.AlecwaskindtoTessandverygeneroustoherfamily.AngellearnedthatTesshaslivedwithAlecafterreturningfromBrazil.HedivorcedTess.TessregardedAlecassourceofhersadnessandunhappiness;inapassionshestabbedhimwhenhewassleeping.FinallyAngelforgavehereverythingandthenwentawaytogether.Afterafewdayswithherbelovedhusbandshehasgotreadyforherpunishment.Shestoodupdirectlyandfacedhercapturewithoutthinkingofescaping,shewasnotafraid.

II.Literaturereview

Tessisatypical"fallenwoman"accordingtotheVictoriannormsforshelosseshervirginitybeforemarriage，becomesallunmarriedmotherandlateramistressandamurderess．Butthesubtitleofthenovelironicallyis：

APureWomanFaithfullyPresentedbyThomasHardynaturalbeauty．TessisusuallyconsideredtobethebestofHardy’snovelsandalsotheonewiththerichestconnotations．KarlWebercommentedthatnobodywoulddoubtthatit’shisgreatestnovel.Tess，theprotagonistofthenovelisthemostmemorablefemalecharacterinHardy’sheroines．

Sinceitspublicationin1891，ithasalwaysbeenbearingastrongappealforreadersandhasbeendrawingattentionfromliterarycritics．Itinviteddifferentschoolsofcriticaltheoriesandhasbeensubjectedtoamultitudeofinterpretations．ArchetypicalapproachesareintendedtofindoutthebiblicalandmythicalarchetypesprevailinginTess'sthemes，characters，structures，plots，imagesandsymbols．ProfessorZhouZhongxinhasmadeafullanalysisofAngelClare，oneofthemaincharactersinTess，torevealthecomplexmentalactivitiesanddualpersonalityofAngleClarebycomparinghimwithAngelintheBibleandApolloinGreekmythologyinhisessay“TheMulti—dimensionalImageof‘Angel’”Materialistcriticsconcentratetheirattentiononthehistorical，social，aestheticandideologicalfactorsofthenovel．DarwinistcriticsattempttodiguptherootoftheprofoundsocialityofthetragedyfromtheperspectiveofDarwin’stheoryofbiologicalorigin，competitionandevolutionbecauseHardyalwaysdrewinhisworksthedeterministicnotionfromDarwinthathumanlifewaspreconditionedbysuchforcesasheredityandenvironmentoverwhichmanhadnocontrol.

III.SubjectiveanalysisofTessandhertragedy

Tesswasapoorpeasantgirlwhowantedtorelyonherhandstopursuitindividualhappinessright,butthepowerforcesofsocietycan’tlettingoffaweakgirl,intheendcausedhertragedy.Inthisnovel,thegreatintensecounter-religion,antfeudalmoral,counter-bourgeoisielawtendency，althoughmeetoppositionintheEnglishuppersociety,receivedlovingofthecommonreaders.ResearchthisnovelcanletusknowtheviewofmoralityandethicinthehypocriticalbourgeoisieintheBritain'sVictorianera,Tess’stragedyisduetothemoralrootofsocietyandthestableviewofwomenchastityinthesocietywhichmaleiscenter.InsharpoppositionthisviewwhenHardyguidingTess’sbehaveofmind,thecritiquespearpointreferssocietyandChristianchurchwhichprotectthisview.Wearefeelingthatimagineputwriter’sdiscussionintheBritain'sVictorianeramorethanonehundredyearsago,weamazingtheavant-gardemindofHardy,hemeltedthiskindofmindattimeswhenhecreateTessthischaracter,fromthatonlythenentrustswiththisimagericherconnotationandthemoreprofoundsocialcritique.ThisbookbecametheoneofthemostgreatworksinthelateofVictorianera,becauseitboldlyexposehypocriticalmoralintheCapitalistsocietyandcondemnedtheCapitalisminthelate19thcenturycausedimpoverishmentanddecayofsmallfarmersinruralEngland.

A.Tess

TessoftheD’UrbervilleswasaveryinfluentialworkofHardy,whichtoldthetragiclifestoryofabeautifulcountrygirl.Tesswasapoorpeasantgirl.SentbyhermothertoclaimkindredwithamoreprosperousbranchoftheD’Urbervillesfamily,shewasseducedbytheyoungmasterofthehouse,Alec,andhadtoreturnhomeindisgrace.Aftergivingbirthtoachildwhodiedininfancy,shewenttoworkaswage-laboreratadairyfarmatTalbothays.ThereshemetAngelClare,asonofclergyman,andhefelledinlovewithherandmarriedher.Ontheweddingnight,TessandClaretoldeachotherabouttheirpasts,andClare,afterhearingTess’sconfessionleftherabruptlyforBrazil.PovertyforcedTesstoseekforworkandsheworkedforalongtimeatacapitalistfarmatFlintcomb-Ashwhereshewasinsultedandoppressedbythemaster.Thenthenewsofherfather’sdeathandtheexpulsionofherfamilyfromtheircottagedrovehertoseekforassistancefromAlec,andthelatter,nowapreacher,soonresumeshisformerillicitrelationswithher.AngelClarereturnedrepentantandreadytobereconciledtoTess,butthegirlfoundthatherlivingwithAlechindersherfromreturningtoClare.ShekilledAlecandthenwasspeedilyarrested,triedandhanged.

B.Alec

Inthisnoveltomaleleadingcharacter'sdescriptionhasreflectedatthattimethecapitalistsocietydarknessandfalsecapitalismmoralsview.Alecistheemer