高考复习名词及阅读理解解析.docx
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高考复习名词及阅读理解解析
高考复习：
名词及阅读理解解析
撰稿：
范华 审稿：
牛新革 责编：
陈玉莲
一、名词的主要用法
（一）、名词的分类：
1.可数名词
------可数名词单数做主语谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。
个体名词：
boy,book,cat…
集体名词：
people,police,cattle,做主语时谓语动词用复数。
注：
people做“民族”讲时是规则变化的名词，apeople\peoples
police是总体指警察，如果指具体的几个用policeman,如apoliceman\fivepolicemen
tenheadofcattle表“十头牛”，head为单复数同形。
2.不可数名词
------谓语动词用单数
抽象名词：
happiness,music…
物质名词：
water,rain…
专有名词:
表示某人,地方,机构,组织等所专有的名称，如：
John,Mr.Green,Beijing,theUnitedStates
（二）、修饰可数名词的量词：
1．修饰可数名词的有:
many,agreat/goodmany,manya,few,afew,anumberof，quiteafew
注：
但thenumberof表“…的数量”，做主语时谓动用单数。
2.修饰不可数名词的有:
much,little,alittle,agreatdealof,alargeamountof,quitealittle
3.两者都可修饰的有:
alotof,lotsof,plentyof,aquantityof\quantitiesof---但
quantitiesof…做主语，谓语动词只用复数
eg.Largequantitiesoffishhaverecentlybeencaught.
Largequantitiesofmoneyhavebeenwasted.
注：
不可数名词如果要表示“量”,需要加适当的量词或词组。
如:
apieceofnews asheetofpaper
akindofmilk abottleofbeer
（三）、细划各类名词：
1.形单意复，用复数的谓语动词
people,police,cattle
2.形复意单，用单数的谓语动词
news,physics,politics,mathematics,plastics（塑料学）
3.单复同形，看具体所指来确定谓动的单复数
deer,sheep,fish,means,works（工厂）
4.只有复数，用复数的谓语动词
trousers，clothes，glasses,compasses,scissors
要想表示数量,加pair,suit等.
如:
apairoftrousersis…
twopairsofcompassesare…
5．只有单数（不可数）
progress，advice，information，furniture，baggage\luggage,jewelry,fun,weather,equipment,knowledge
6.视情况而定：
1）family,team,class,group,crew,audience,club看作一个整体时用单数谓动，看成若干个个
体的行为时用复数的谓语动词。
Eg.Myfamilyisabigone.
MyfamilyarewatchingTV.
2）一些词有不同的词义，有的词义可数，而作别的意思时则不可数，如：
exercise为“练习题”时是
可数的，作“锻炼”讲时为不可数名词；experience作“经验”时不可数，做“经历”时可数；
room为“房间”时是可数的,作“空间”时为不可数名词；work作“工作”时为不可数,作“作
品”时是可数名词；paper作“纸张”时为不可数，作“论文、试卷”时为可数名词。
7.单复意思不同：
water（水）\waters（水域）;
content（内容）\contents（目录）
glass（玻璃）\glasses（眼镜）
sand（沙子）\sands（沙滩）
custom（习俗）\customs（海关）
look（表情、脸色）\looks（容貌）
manner（态度）\manners（礼貌）
8．物质名词的复数形式表示份数:
twoteas,twocoffees,twobuttersandsixsugars,twobeers
9．有些抽象名词在具体化时,可以用复数表示，如success,difficulty等.
如:
Hispartnerovercamethedifficulties.
10.有些抽象名词表示“某种”或“一次”的意思时,可以和不定冠词连用。
Hehasreceivedagoodeducation.
Youradviceisagreathelp.
We’regoingtobuildupanewsocialistculture.
Hehasagoodknowledgeofhistory.
（四）、复合名词的复数形式
1）变主体名词为复数
girlfriendsarmchairsbookcasespassers-by
lookers-onrunners-upsisters-in-law
2）两个部分都要变（man,woman修饰其他名词时）
menservantsmencookswomendoctorswomenwaiters
3）不含名词的在末尾加复数s
forget-me-notsgo-betweensgood-for-nothingsgrown-ups
（五）、名词做定语
可以表示时间,地点,身份,材料内容或所属关系
morningexercises eveningpapers
Beijingstreets shopmanager
villagelife girlfriend
mothermonkey teapot
weatherstation bookshelf
busstop paintjob
注：
名词作定语表示材料和内容,形容词作定语表示特征和性质。
agoldring agoldenring
asnowmountain asnowtable-cloth
ahistoryteacher ahistoricalplay
二、名词的相关试题
1.Whatalotof_____Ihavetofinishtoday!
A.works B.work
C.job D.working
2.Willyoupleasemake_____forthecomradesoutside?
A.trouble B.place
C.room D.seats
3.Yesterdayhetoldme_____news.
A.agood B.suchagood
C.sogooda D.apieceofgood
4.Lenovo,oneofthebiggest_____,hasdesignedtheBeijingOlympicTorch.
A.computer’scompanies B.computercompanies
C.computers’companies D.computerscompanies
5.BothMarxandEngelswere_____.
A.Germans B.Germen
C.fromGerman D.Germany
6.Hespokeinsucha_____astocausethemdispleasure.
A.direction B.language
C.noise D.manner
7._____ofthestudentsinourschoolisincreasing.
A.Thenumber B.Anumber
C.Theamount D.Agreatdeal
8.Theoldfarmerraisedforty_____of_____lastyear.
A.heads;cattles B.head;cattles
C.heads;cattle D.head;cattle
9.ThiscolorTVsetcostmeonethousand_____.
A.yuan B.yuans
C.ofyuan D.ofyuans
10.Isaw_____inthemeeting-room.
A.manypeople B.muchpeople
C.manypeoples D.lotspeople
11.Myyoungersisteralwayswearsabeautiful_____.
A.cloth B.dress
C.cloths D.trousers
12.It’sthe_____ofmostanimals,includingushumanbeings,towatchovertheyoung.
A.duty B.chance
C.nature D.right
13.I’lllookintothematterassoonaspossible.Justhavealittle_____.
A.wait B.time
C.patience D.rest
14.Canyougiveme_____aboutit?
A.aninformation B.someinformation
C.anyofinformation D.someinfromations
15.Myfatherhashadoneofhis_____takenout.
A.tooth B.tooths
C.teeth D.teeths
16.Shehasagood_____andsingsbeautifully.
A.noise B.sound
C.voice D.throat
17.Hemademanymistakesinhiscompositionbecauseof_____.
A.careless B.careful
C.carelessness D.carefulness
18.Mostofthemare_____.
A.womandoctor B.womendoctor
C.womandoctors D.womendoctors
19._____willconquernature.
A.Theman B.Man
C.Aman D.Themen
20.Ittookthemlong_____tofinishalltheirhomework.
A.hours B.hour
C.time D.times
名词试题答案：
1—5BCDBA6—10DADAA11—15BCCBC16—20CCDBA
阅读及解析
A
Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?
Ateacher?
Adoctor?
Howaboutanice-creamtaster?
Yes,therereallyisajobwhereyoucangetpaidtotasteice-cream.JustaskJohnHarrison,an“OfficialTasteTester”forthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct’squality.DuringhiscareerHarrisonhasbeenresponsibleforapprovinglargequantitiesofthesweeticecream—aswellasfordevelopingover11flavors（味道）.
Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob,afterall,youjusthavetolikeicecream,right?
No—there’smoretothejobthanthat,saysHarrison,whohasadegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyorfood-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeonewantingacareerinthis“cool”field.
Inatypicalmorningonthejob,Harrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheicecreamwarmuptoabout12℉.Harrisonexplains,“Yougetmoreflavorfromwarmericecream,whichiswhysomekidsliketostirit,creatingice-creamsoup.”
Whiletheicecreamwarmsup,Harrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance.“Tastingbeginswiththeeyes,”heexplains.Hecheckstoseeiftheicecreamisattractiveandaskshimself,“Doestheproducthavethecolorexpectedfromthatflavor?
”Nextit’stimetotaste!
Continuingtothinkupnewideas,tryoutnewflavors,andtestsamplesfromsomanykindsoficecreameachdaykeepsHarrisonbusybuthappy—workingatonecooljob.
1.WhatisJohnHarrison’sjob?
A.Anofficial. B.Anice-creamtaster.
C.Achemist. D.Anice-creammanufacturer.
2.AccordingtoJohnHarrison,tobequalifiedinthe“coolfield”,itishelpful
to______.
A.keepadiaryofwork B.haveadegreeinrelatedsubjects
C.havenewideaseveryday D.findoutnewflavorseachday
3.WhatdoesHarrisondofirstwhentestingicecream?
A.Hestirstheicecream.
B.Heexaminesthecoloroftheicecream.
C.Hetastestheflavoroftheicecream.
D.Heletstheicecreamwarmup.
4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?
A.TastingwithEyes B.FlavorsofIceCream
C.JohnHarrison’sLife D.OneCoolJob
B
（Youmayreadthequestionsfirst,）
SCREENGRABS
BBC1
PLANETEARTH
9AM
FreshWaterprovidesanexpensivesubjectforthethirdprogrammeintheBBC’sfascinatingnewnatural-historyseries.Broadly,weinvestigatetheworld’slakesand
riversandthecreatureswhichinhabitthem.Thuswevisitthedeepestlakeontheplanet,LakeBaikalinSiberia.WeobservelargecoloniesofIndiansmooth-coatedotters（above）lookingaround.Amagicalserieswhichgiveusarealsenseofcontextinrelationtotheplanetweinhabit.
BBC2
FAMILYGUY
11.45PM
RoadtoEurope.Withoutproperidentification,
BrianandStewiestowawayonaplanetheythinkisleavingforEngland.They’rewrong,andsoonthey’reinSaudiArabia（Brian:
“OhmyGod,wearefinished.Wearelostinthedesert.”）atabeginningofalongtriphome.
ITV1
AGATHACHRISTIE’SPOIROT
9PM
CardsontheTable.Tonight’smysteryconcernsthedeathofoneoftherichestandmostmysteriousmen,Mr.Shaitana（AlexanderSiddig）whohasafascinationwithcrime.Shaitanahostsdinnerandagameofbridgeinhisapartment,butwhenthetimecomesthefirstgueststotaketheirleave,theydiscoverthattheirhosthasbeenstabbedthroughhisheart.
Channel4
THEGAMES:
LIVE
9PM
ForthefirsttimeonGames,themenfightinaKendoTournament,using1.2mshinai（Bambooswords）.Thewomancompetesinthecycling,racingwheel-to-wheeloncompetitionbikeswithnobrakes.PlusothernewsfromtheEnglishInstituteofsportsinSheffield.
5.TheFreshWaterseriesat9AM________.
A.exploresthelakes,riversandthecreaturesinthem
B.isdevotedtothefreshwatercreaturesintheworld
C.explainstherelationshipamonginhabitantsontheearth
D.focusesonthedeepestriverontheplanet
6.Thephrase“stowaw
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