从句注意点.docx
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从句注意点
从句注意点
状语从句
1.When,while和as
When引导的从句谓语可以终止或者瞬间性动词,注意如果主句又出现was/wereabouttodo,was/weredoing,haddone这样的时态多用when引导从句,此时when表“正在此时,突然”
While表示时间段,(=duringthetimewhen),从句中动词只用延续性动词;另一个重要关系表示对照,弱转折“然而”
As侧重动作的同时性,表示“一边。
。
。
一边”还表示‘随着…渐渐….’
典型例题
1)______thedayforinterviewwasapproaching,shebegantothinkaboutpossibleinterviewquestionsandheranswers.
A.AsB.WhenC.WhileD.Once
2)Theyweresurprisedthatachildcouldworkouttheproblem____theythemselvescouldn't.
A.once B.while C.then D.if
3)______journalismseemslikeagoodprofession,Iwouldprefertobeateacher.
A.WhileB.EvenC.NomatterD.Nowthat
4)Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue______itcomestoclassroomtests.
A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after
5)Ihadjustdecidedtocallonhim______Ireceivedatelephonecallfromhim.
A.asB.whileC.whenD.after
2.before的注意点以及和since表示时间段的差异
Itwasnotlongbefore…did…不久之后就。
。
。
(时间段设在过去)/Itwillnotbenotlongbefore…do(does)…不久之后会。
。
。
(时间段设在现在看将来)
Itwasnotlongagothat…did…就是在不久之前。
。
。
(强调在过去一点发生。
。
。
)
Since所引导的从句中谓语动词多用过去式,主句谓语动词多用现在完成时;但是注意特殊句It’s/Ithasbeenalongtimesince…did…自从。
。
。
已经很久了(时间段设在过去持续到现在)
典型例题
1)---Whatwasthepartylike?
---Wonderful.It’syears________Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.
A.sinceB.whenC.beforeD.after
2)Itwasthreeyears______wefinallymetagain.
A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.since
3)Itwas3yearsago______hecameback.
A.sinceB.thatC.beforeD.when
4)It______longbeforewe______theresultoftheexperiment.
A.willnotbe…willknowB.is…willknow
C.willnotbe…knowD.is…know
3.‘一.。
。
。
就’的不同表达以及由此引申的名词词组引导状语从句
Assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…whennosooner...than...,助动词had放在主语前,所在的主句常用过去完成时,that引导的从句用一般过去时。
nosooner...than与hardly...when以及scarcely...when同义,用法相同。
themoment/theminute,thefirst/second…time,every/eachtime,next/lasttime,bythetime等名词性词组可以引导时间状语从句。
典型例题
1)Hardly________theairportwhentheplanetookoff.
A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto
2)Wehadn’tmetfor20years,butIrecognizedher______Isawher.
A.themomentB.themomentwhenC.forthemomentD.atthemomentwhen
3)______thanshestartedtocomplainaboutthetraffic.
A.NotuntilshegotonthebusB.Hardlyhadshegotonthebus
C.NosoonerhadshegotonthebusD.Scarcelydidshegetonthebus
4)_______Isawawomanopeningthedoorforaman,Iwasverysurprised.
A.forthefirsttimeB.thefirsttimewhen
C.thefirsttimeD.atthefirsttime
4.Bythetime引导时间状语从句注意从句和主句对应的时态:
Bythetimetheambulancearrived,theoldwomanhadcometoherself.
Bythetimehegraduatesfromhighschool,hewillhavelearnedEbglishfor10years.
5.地点状语从句连词where引导地点状语从句可放句首或者当中,同时充当主句和从句的地点状语,不可替换为in/atwhich;引导定语从句修饰名词或者代词,前面一定要找出先行词,可与in/atwhich替换;还要注意和一些名词性从句what表示地点的区分。
1)Anewlydesignedskyscrapisbeingsetup_________theWorldTradeCenterusedtostood.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when
2)Ifyouaretravelling_________thecustomandculturearereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.
A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where
3)Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded_____othermorewell-informedexperimentsfailed.
A.which B.that C.what D.where
4)Isthishotel_____yousaidweweretostayinyourletter?
A.where B.which C.inthat D.inwhich
6.Until/till与延续性动词连用,主从句都用肯定式;与瞬间性动词连用,主句需用否定式。
注意“not…until”结构的倒装和强调用法的互换。
1)Itwas______Ireadtheletter______Iknewshewasmarried.
A.until…whenB.notuntil…when
C.until…thatD.notuntil…that
2)_____hisfathercamebackfromwork_____hishomework.
A.Notuntil;hedid B.Itwasn'tuntil;whenhedid
C.Itwasuntil;thathedidn'tdo D.Itwasn'tuntil;thathedid
7.Nomatterwh-和wh-ever区别以及关注however/nomatterhow,whether等特殊用法
1)---_____IwatchTV,I'llturnitdownandnevermakeanynoise.
---Good.______youaredoingshouldneverdisturbothers._______howimportantyouare,neverforgetabouthowothersfeel.
A.Whatever;Whenever;Nomatter B.Whenever;Whatever;Nomatter
C.Whether;Whatever;不填 D.Nomatter;Whenever;不填
2)______,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.
A.HoweverlateisheB.Howeverheislate
C.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis
8.such引导状语从句和定语从句区别
(1)Thisissuchaninterestingworkofart______allofuslike.
(2)Thisissuchaninterestingworkofart______allofuslikeit.(3)Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner______shehadpromisedus.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.but
9.as在让步状语从句中的倒装,将形容词/副词/名词/分词提前到句首+as+主语+谓语。
注意单数名词需要去掉定冠词或者冠词。
1)Brave______youngTomwas,hedarednotwalkaloneinthepubliccemeteryatnight.
A.thatB.asC.althoughD.and
2)Important______theexaminationisintheevaluationofthestudent’sacademicresults,______thestudentsarenotsupposedtodevotetoomuchtoit.
A.as…andyetB.though…/C.while…neverthelessD.how…yet
10.‘如此。
。
。
以至于’so和such的选用
1)WhenMomlookedbackontheearlydaysoftheirmarriage,shewonderedhowtheyhad
managedwith______money.(2011秋季高考)
A.sofewB.suchfewC.solittleD.suchlittle
2)Shereceived______littleeducationthatshecan’teventeach______littlechildren.
A.so…soB.so…suchC.such…soD.such…such
3)diligenceis______hehasmaderapidprogress.
A.sothatB.suchthatC.inorderthatD.soas
定语从句注意点
I.定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语
Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?
whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking
Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..
whose
人,物
定语
Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.
that
人,物
主语,宾语
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.
which
物
主语,宾语
Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.
as
人,物
主语,宾语
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.
可用onwhich
where
地点
地点状语
ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
可用inwhich
why
原因
原因状语
Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.
可用forwhich
II.that与which,who,whom的用法区别:
情况
用法说明
例句
只用that的情况
1. 先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。
2. 先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4. 先行词既指人又指物时
5. 先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
6. 句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时
1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.
3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
只用which,who,whom的情况
1. 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人
2. 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。
3. 先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。
Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.
III.as与which的区别:
定语从句
区别
例句
限制性定语从句中
名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which
Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.
非限制性定语从句中
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。
如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。
Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.
Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.
Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.
IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
类别
语法意义及特征
例句
限制性定语从句
对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。
TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.
非限制性定语从句
对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散。
从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。
Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.
5用that的情况3不用
5用
1)先行词是不定代词,如all,anything,everything,nothing,etc.
2)先行词有序数词,最高级修饰
3)先行词有only,much,few,little,none,no,all和thevery等修饰时
4)who开头的疑问句中
5)先行词既有人又有物时
3不用that
1)逗号之后
2)介词之后
3)Those/anyonewho…+主句
as(就像,正如)引导非限制性从句,可以放句首:
asweallknow,asisknowntoall,ascanbeseen,asismentioned/saidabove,asispointedout,etc.
先行词如有thesame/such/as修饰,关系代词也需用as引导限制性定语从句
关系副词和关系代词的选用重中之重看先行词在从句里面做的成分。
练一练
1.Wesawafilmyesterdayafternoon,_____wehadsupperinanearbyrestaurant.
A.when B.which C.beforeit D.afterwhich
2.Therecomesatimeineveryman'slife_____.
A.thatheneedstothink B.whenhehastothink
C.thereforehehastoworkhard D.thenhewillneedit
3.Onthethirdfloortherearetworooms,_____isusedasameeting-room.
A.oneofthem B.thelargerofwhich
C.andalargerofofthemD.thelargestoneofwhich
4.---Areyoufamiliarwiththemusic?
---Yes.Therewasatime_____thiskindofmusicwasquitepopular.
A.when B.that C.withwhich D.aboutwhich
5.Inadditiontohistraditionalmedicaltreatment,hetriedtoputhimselfinsituations___________wouldbringaboutpositiveemotions.
A.whichB.whereC.whyD.as
6.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.
A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why
7.Isthismuseum______youvisitedtheotherday?
A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone
8.Isthissch