从句注意点.docx

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从句注意点

从句注意点

状语从句

1.When,while和as

When引导的从句谓语可以终止或者瞬间性动词,注意如果主句又出现was/wereabouttodo,was/weredoing,haddone这样的时态多用when引导从句,此时when表“正在此时,突然”

While表示时间段,(=duringthetimewhen),从句中动词只用延续性动词;另一个重要关系表示对照,弱转折“然而”

As侧重动作的同时性,表示“一边。

一边”还表示‘随着…渐渐….’

典型例题

1)______thedayforinterviewwasapproaching,shebegantothinkaboutpossibleinterviewquestionsandheranswers.

A.AsB.WhenC.WhileD.Once

2)Theyweresurprisedthatachildcouldworkouttheproblem____theythemselvescouldn't.

  A.once  B.while  C.then  D.if

3)______journalismseemslikeagoodprofession,Iwouldprefertobeateacher.

A.WhileB.EvenC.NomatterD.Nowthat

4)Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue______itcomestoclassroomtests.

A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after

5)Ihadjustdecidedtocallonhim______Ireceivedatelephonecallfromhim.

A.asB.whileC.whenD.after

2.before的注意点以及和since表示时间段的差异

Itwasnotlongbefore…did…不久之后就。

(时间段设在过去)/Itwillnotbenotlongbefore…do(does)…不久之后会。

(时间段设在现在看将来)

Itwasnotlongagothat…did…就是在不久之前。

(强调在过去一点发生。

Since所引导的从句中谓语动词多用过去式,主句谓语动词多用现在完成时;但是注意特殊句It’s/Ithasbeenalongtimesince…did…自从。

已经很久了(时间段设在过去持续到现在)

典型例题

1)---Whatwasthepartylike?

---Wonderful.It’syears________Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.

A.sinceB.whenC.beforeD.after

2)Itwasthreeyears______wefinallymetagain.

A.thatB.whenC.beforeD.since

3)Itwas3yearsago______hecameback.

A.sinceB.thatC.beforeD.when

4)It______longbeforewe______theresultoftheexperiment.

A.willnotbe…willknowB.is…willknow

C.willnotbe…knowD.is…know

3.‘一.。

就’的不同表达以及由此引申的名词词组引导状语从句

Assoonas,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…whennosooner...than...,助动词had放在主语前,所在的主句常用过去完成时,that引导的从句用一般过去时。

nosooner...than与hardly...when以及scarcely...when同义,用法相同。

themoment/theminute,thefirst/second…time,every/eachtime,next/lasttime,bythetime等名词性词组可以引导时间状语从句。

典型例题

1)Hardly________theairportwhentheplanetookoff.

A.IhadarrivedatB.hadIarrivedC.hadIreachedD.Ihadgotto

2)Wehadn’tmetfor20years,butIrecognizedher______Isawher.

A.themomentB.themomentwhenC.forthemomentD.atthemomentwhen

3)______thanshestartedtocomplainaboutthetraffic.

A.NotuntilshegotonthebusB.Hardlyhadshegotonthebus

C.NosoonerhadshegotonthebusD.Scarcelydidshegetonthebus

4)_______Isawawomanopeningthedoorforaman,Iwasverysurprised.

A.forthefirsttimeB.thefirsttimewhen

C.thefirsttimeD.atthefirsttime

4.Bythetime引导时间状语从句注意从句和主句对应的时态:

Bythetimetheambulancearrived,theoldwomanhadcometoherself.

Bythetimehegraduatesfromhighschool,hewillhavelearnedEbglishfor10years.

5.地点状语从句连词where引导地点状语从句可放句首或者当中,同时充当主句和从句的地点状语,不可替换为in/atwhich;引导定语从句修饰名词或者代词,前面一定要找出先行词,可与in/atwhich替换;还要注意和一些名词性从句what表示地点的区分。

1)Anewlydesignedskyscrapisbeingsetup_________theWorldTradeCenterusedtostood.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when

2)Ifyouaretravelling_________thecustomandculturearereallyforeigntoyourown,pleasedoastheRomansdo.

A.inwhichB.whatC.whenD.where

3)Althoughheknewlittleaboutthelargeamountofworkdoneinthefield,hesucceeded_____othermorewell-informedexperimentsfailed.

  A.which  B.that  C.what  D.where

4)Isthishotel_____yousaidweweretostayinyourletter?

  A.where    B.which    C.inthat   D.inwhich

6.Until/till与延续性动词连用,主从句都用肯定式;与瞬间性动词连用,主句需用否定式。

注意“not…until”结构的倒装和强调用法的互换。

1)Itwas______Ireadtheletter______Iknewshewasmarried.

A.until…whenB.notuntil…when

C.until…thatD.notuntil…that

2)_____hisfathercamebackfromwork_____hishomework.

  A.Notuntil;hedid        B.Itwasn'tuntil;whenhedid

C.Itwasuntil;thathedidn'tdo D.Itwasn'tuntil;thathedid

7.Nomatterwh-和wh-ever区别以及关注however/nomatterhow,whether等特殊用法

1)---_____IwatchTV,I'llturnitdownandnevermakeanynoise.

 ---Good.______youaredoingshouldneverdisturbothers._______howimportantyouare,neverforgetabouthowothersfeel.

  A.Whatever;Whenever;Nomatter B.Whenever;Whatever;Nomatter

C.Whether;Whatever;不填    D.Nomatter;Whenever;不填

2)______,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.

A.HoweverlateisheB.Howeverheislate

C.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis

8.such引导状语从句和定语从句区别

(1)Thisissuchaninterestingworkofart______allofuslike.

(2)Thisissuchaninterestingworkofart______allofuslikeit.(3)Itwasn’tsuchagooddinner______shehadpromisedus.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.but

9.as在让步状语从句中的倒装,将形容词/副词/名词/分词提前到句首+as+主语+谓语。

注意单数名词需要去掉定冠词或者冠词。

1)Brave______youngTomwas,hedarednotwalkaloneinthepubliccemeteryatnight.

A.thatB.asC.althoughD.and

2)Important______theexaminationisintheevaluationofthestudent’sacademicresults,______thestudentsarenotsupposedtodevotetoomuchtoit.

A.as…andyetB.though…/C.while…neverthelessD.how…yet

10.‘如此。

以至于’so和such的选用

1)WhenMomlookedbackontheearlydaysoftheirmarriage,shewonderedhowtheyhad

managedwith______money.(2011秋季高考)

A.sofewB.suchfewC.solittleD.suchlittle

2)Shereceived______littleeducationthatshecan’teventeach______littlechildren.

A.so…soB.so…suchC.such…soD.such…such

3)diligenceis______hehasmaderapidprogress.

A.sothatB.suchthatC.inorderthatD.soas

定语从句注意点

I.定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。

被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。

关系词

先行词

从句成分

例句

备注

关系代词

who

主语

Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?

whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that

whom

宾语

Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking

Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..

whose

人,物

定语

Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.

Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.

that

人,物

主语,宾语

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.

which

主语,宾语

Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.

Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.

as

人,物

主语,宾语

Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.

ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.

as做宾语一般不省略

关系副词

when

时间

时间状语

Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.

可用onwhich

where

地点

地点状语

ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

可用inwhich

why

原因

原因状语

Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.

可用forwhich

II.that与which,who,whom的用法区别:

情况

用法说明

例句

只用that的情况

1.  先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。

2.  先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时

3.  先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

4.  先行词既指人又指物时

5.  先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时

6.  句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时

1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.

2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.

3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.

4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.

5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.

6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?

只用which,who,whom的情况

1.  在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人

2.  在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。

3.  先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。

Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.

Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.

Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.

III.as与which的区别:

定语从句

区别

例句

限制性定语从句中

名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which

Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.

非限制性定语从句中

as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。

如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。

Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.

Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.

Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.

IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:

类别

语法意义及特征

例句

限制性定语从句

对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。

TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.

非限制性定语从句 

对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散。

从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。

Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.

 

5用that的情况3不用

5用

1)先行词是不定代词,如all,anything,everything,nothing,etc.

2)先行词有序数词,最高级修饰

3)先行词有only,much,few,little,none,no,all和thevery等修饰时

4)who开头的疑问句中

5)先行词既有人又有物时

3不用that

1)逗号之后

2)介词之后

3)Those/anyonewho…+主句

as(就像,正如)引导非限制性从句,可以放句首:

asweallknow,asisknowntoall,ascanbeseen,asismentioned/saidabove,asispointedout,etc.

先行词如有thesame/such/as修饰,关系代词也需用as引导限制性定语从句

关系副词和关系代词的选用重中之重看先行词在从句里面做的成分。

练一练

1.Wesawafilmyesterdayafternoon,_____wehadsupperinanearbyrestaurant.

  A.when  B.which  C.beforeit  D.afterwhich

2.Therecomesatimeineveryman'slife_____.

  A.thatheneedstothink     B.whenhehastothink

  C.thereforehehastoworkhard  D.thenhewillneedit

3.Onthethirdfloortherearetworooms,_____isusedasameeting-room.

  A.oneofthem      B.thelargerofwhich

  C.andalargerofofthemD.thelargestoneofwhich

4.---Areyoufamiliarwiththemusic?

---Yes.Therewasatime_____thiskindofmusicwasquitepopular.

  A.when    B.that    C.withwhich    D.aboutwhich

5.Inadditiontohistraditionalmedicaltreatment,hetriedtoputhimselfinsituations___________wouldbringaboutpositiveemotions.

A.whichB.whereC.whyD.as

6.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.

A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why

7.Isthismuseum______youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

8.Isthissch

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