山东大学linux实验4.docx

山东大学linux实验4.docx

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山东大学linux实验4

1da

dashdate

2m

Displayall130possibilities?

（yorn）

输入n又显示m

3administrator@ubuntu:

~$mk

mkdirmkfs.bfsmkfs.ntfsmk_modmap

mkdiskimagemkfs.cramfsmkfs.vfatmknod

mkdosfsmkfs.ext2mkhomedir_helpermkntfs

mke2fsmkfs.ext3mkinitramfsmkpasswd

mkfifomkfs.ext4mkinitramfs-kpkgmkswap

mkfontdirmkfs.ext4devmkisofsmktap

mkfontscalemkfs.minixmklost+foundmktemp

mkfsmkfs.msdosmkmanifestmkzftree

4由命令列表知只需再输入字母d即可，其余用tab键补全。

但只输入mkd仍有多余命令，只有全部输入后才满足条件。

5administrator@ubuntu:

~$mkdirnewdir

6administra后，中止tor@ubuntu:

~$lsnewdir/

可以使用文件补全功能来实现。

7administrator@ubuntu:

~$alias

aliasalert='notify-send--urgency=low-i"$（[$?

=0]&&echoterminal||echoerror）""$（history|tail-n1|sed-e'\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\''）"'

aliasegrep='egrep--color=auto'

aliasfgrep='fgrep--color=auto'

aliasgrep='grep--color=auto'

aliasl='ls-CF'

aliasla='ls-A'

aliasll='ls-alF'

aliasls='ls--color=auto'

8＃aliasls=‘ls-l’。

9＃aliasls

10administrator@ubuntu:

~$ls

总用量68

-rw-r--r--1administratoradministrator1792011-11-0520:

14examples.desktop

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-1908:

23newdir

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-1220:

58thisisatest

drwxr-xr-x3administratoradministrator40962011-11-1220:

58userfile

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-1221:

00userfile-hard

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-1221:

01userfile-soft

-rw-r--r--1administratoradministrator15512011-11-1220:

54usersfile

-rw-r--r--1administratoradministrator71992011-11-1820:

30vitest

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-0520:

19公共的

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-0520:

19模板

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-0520:

19视频

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-0520:

19图片

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-0520:

19文档

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-0520:

19下载

drwxr-xr-x2administratoradministrator40962011-11-0520:

19音乐

drwxr-xr-x5administratoradministrator40962011-11-1907:

59桌面

11＃\ls

examples.desktopuserfileusersfile模板文档桌面

newdiruserfile-hardvitest视频下载

thisisatestuserfile-soft公共的图片音乐

12＃unaliasls

13＃aliasls

14examples.desktopuserfileusersfile模板文档桌面

newdiruserfile-hardvitest视频下载

thisisatestuserfile-soft公共的图片音乐

15#aliascde=‘cd/etc‘

16ls/bin/*sh

/bin/bash/bin/dash/bin/rbash/bin/sh/bin/static-sh

系统中有bashell，dashell，rbashell，shell，staticshell。

作用：

列出在bin目录下的所有以sh结尾的文件。

17cd/etc

administrator@ubuntu:

/etc$ls

acpigroup-passwd-

adduser.confgrub.dpcmcia

alternativesgshadowperl

anacrontabgshadow-pm

apmgtk-2.0pnm2ppa.conf

apparmorhdparm.confpolkit-1

apparmor.dhost.confpopularity-contest.conf

apporthostnameppp

apthostsprofile

at.denyhosts.allowprofile.d

avahihosts.denyprotocols

bash.bashrchppulse

bash_completionifplugdpython

bash_completion.dinitpython2.7

bindresvport.blacklistinit.drc0.d

blkid.confinitramfs-toolsrc1.d

blkid.tabinputrcrc2.d

bluetoothinsservrc3.d

bogofilter.cfinsserv.confrc4.d

bonobo-activationinsserv.conf.drc5.d

brlapi.keyiproute2rc6.d

brlttyissuerc.local

ca-certificatesrcS.d

ca-certificates.confkbdresolvconf

calendarkernelresolv.conf

chatscriptskernel-img.confrmt

checkbox.dkerneloops.confrpc

compizconfigldaprsyslog.conf

computer-janitor.dld.so.cachersyslog.d

ConsoleKitld.so.confsamba

console-setupld.so.conf.dsane.d

cron.dlegalsecuretty

cron.dailylftp.confsecurity

cron.hourlylibpaper.dsensors3.conf

cron.monthlylibreofficesensors.d

crontablintianrcservices

cron.weeklylocale.aliassgml

crypttablocaltimeshadow

cupslogcheckshadow-

cupshelperslogin.defsshells

dbus-1logrotate.confskel

debconf.conflogrotate.dsnmp

debian_versionlsb-basesound

defaultlsb-base-logging.shspeech-dispatcher

defomalsb-releasessh

deluser.confltrace.confssl

depmod.dmagicsudoers

dhcpmagic.mimesudoers.d

dhcp3mailcapsysctl.conf

dictionaries-commonmailcap.ordersysctl.d

doc-basemanpath.configterminfo

dpkgmime.typestimezone

emacsmke2fs.confucf.conf

environmentmodprobe.dudev

firefoxmodulesufw

fontsmonoupdatedb.conf

foomaticmotdupdate-manager

fstabmtabupdate-motd.d

fuse.confmtab.fuselockupdate-notifier

gai.confmtools.confUPower

gaminnanorcusb_modeswitch.conf

gconfnetscsid.confusb_modeswitch.d

gdbnetworkvim

gdmNetworkManagervtrgb

ghostscriptnetworkswgetrc

ginnnewtwodim.conf

gnomensswitch.confwpa_supplicant

gnome-app-installobex-data-serverX11

gnome-settings-daemonopenofficexdg

gnome-system-toolsoptxml

gnome-vfs-2.0pam.confxul-ext

gnome-vfs-mime-magicpam.dzsh_command_not_found

groffpapersize

grouppasswd

18

（1）ls*conf

adduser.confkerneloops.confpopularity-contest.conf

blkid.confld.so.confresolv.conf

ca-certificates.conflftp.confrsyslog.conf

debconf.conflogrotate.confsensors3.conf

deluser.confltrace.confsysctl.conf

fuse.confmke2fs.confucf.conf

gai.confmtools.confupdatedb.conf

hdparm.confnetscsid.confusb_modeswitch.conf

host.confnsswitch.confwodim.conf

insserv.confpam.conf

kernel-img.confpnm2ppa.conf

gconf:

2gconf.xml.defaultsgconf.xml.mandatorygconf.xml.system

resolvconf:

（2）ls[dD]*

debconf.confdebian_versiondeluser.conf

dbus-1:

event.dsession.confsession.dsystem.confsystem.d

default:

acpidbrlttygrubnsssaned

acpi-supportconsole-setuphaltntpdatespeech-dispatcher

alsacronirqbalancepulseaudiotmpfs

apportcupskerneloopsrcSufw

avahi-daemondbuskeyboardrsyncuseradd

bootlogddevptslocalersyslog

defoma:

configfontconfig.subst-ruleloc-cset.dataxenc-cset.data

csetenc-xenc.data2hintsps-cset-enc.data

depmod.d:

ubuntu.conf

dhcp:

dhclient.confdhclient-enter-hooks.ddhclient-exit-hooks.d

dhcp3:

dhclient-enter-hooks.d

dictionaries-common:

words

doc-base:

documents

dpkg:

dpkg.cfgdpkg.cfg.doriginsshlibs.defaultshlibs.override

（3）ls?

?

?

?

o*

debconf.confld.so.confnetworksrc.localshadow

ld.so.cachelogrotate.confprotocolssensors3.confshadow-

ConsoleKit:

run-seat.drun-session.dseats.d

console-setup:

cached.kmap.gzcompose.ISO-8859-13.inccompose.ISO-8859-8.inc

compose.ARMSCII-8.inccompose.ISO-8859-14.inccompose.ISO-8859-9.inc

compose.CP1251.inccompose.ISO-8859-15.inccompose.KOI8-R.inc

compose.CP1255.inccompose.ISO-8859-16.inccompose.KOI8-U.inc

compose.CP1256.inccompose.ISO-8859-1.inccompose.TIS-620.inc

compose.GEORGIAN-ACADEMY.inccompose.ISO-8859-2.inccompose.VISCII.inc

compose.GEORGIAN-PS.inccompose.ISO-8859-3.incremap.inc

compose.IBM1133.inccompose.ISO-8859-4.incUni2-Fixed16.psf

compose.ISIRI-3342.inccompose.ISO-8859-5.incvtrgb

compose.ISO-8859-10.inccompose.ISO-8859-6.incvtrgb.vga

compose.ISO-8859-11.inccompose.ISO-8859-7.inc

depmod.d:

ubuntu.conf

ld.so.conf.d:

GL.confi686-linux-gnu.conflibasound2.conflibc.conf

logrotate.d:

apportcupspm-utilsspeech-dispatcher

aptdpkgpppufw

consolekitjockey-commonrsyslogunattended-upgrades

network:

if-down.dif-post-down.dif-pre-up.dif-up.dinterfaces

NetworkManager:

dispatcher.dNetworkManager.confsystem-connectionsVPN

openoffice:

README.dictionary.lst

python:

debian_config

python2.7:

sitecustomize.py

sensors.d:

（4）ls*[tT][aA][bB]*

（5）ls*[0-9]

dbus-1:

event.dsession.confsession.dsystem.confsystem.d

dhcp3:

dhclient-enter-hooks.d

gnome-vfs-2.0:

modules

gtk-2.0:

im-multipress.conf

iproute2:

ematch_maprt_dsfieldrt_protosrt_realmsrt_scopesrt_tables

polkit-1:

localauthoritylocalauthority.conf.dnullbackend.conf.d

python2.7:

sitecustomize.py

X11:

app-defaultsfontsxinitXreset.dXsession.d

cursorsrgb.txtxkbXresourcesXsession.options

default-display-managerXXresetXsessionXwrapper.config

（6）ls*[！

0-9]

19ls-d?

[!

y]*[e-f]

adduser.confkernel-img.confpam.conf

blkid.confkerneloops.confpapersize

bogofilter.cfld.so.cachepnm2ppa.conf

ca-certificates.confld.so.confpopularity-contest.conf

debconf.conflftp.confprofile

deluser.conflibreofficepulse

doc-baselocaltimeresolvconf

fuse.conflogrotate.confresolv.conf

gai.conflsb-basersyslog.conf

gconflsb-releasesensors3.conf

gnomeltrace.conftimezone

groffmagic.mimeucf.conf

hdparm.confmke2fs.confupdatedb.conf

host.confmtools.confusb_modeswitch.conf

hostnamenetscsid.confwodim.conf

insserv.confnsswitch.conf

issueopenoffice

最短例如会是abce

20:

/etc$cd

:

~$

21

（1）stu@stu-Lenovo:

~$cat>junk

kdslaaaadsaeiwa

faltjiaothegdsvgdfs

faksldutgjiresfhdse

geothgushbvsd

^C

stu@stu-Lenovo:

~$catjunk

kdslaaaadsaeiwa

faltjiaothegdsvgdfs

faksldutgjiresfhdse

geothgushbvsd

stu@stu-Lenovo:

~$cat>>junk

fjietukdjkjvgdk

gjfdkgjreiuygdsa

hfdwrtweaugei

fds

^C

stu@stu-Lenovo:

~$catjunk

dsaklfweioturiogjdsfkfj

dfhstreywior]

hdfsklthuierwioehfs

dshaoiuyhd

fjietukdjkjvgdk

gjfdkgjreiuygdsa

hfdwrtweaugei

fds

22

（1）administrator@ubuntu:

~$catjunkjunk2>cat.out2>cat.err

（2）administrator@ubuntu:

~$cat.junkjunk2>cat.out2>/dev/null

23ls|wc-l19

24dministrator@ubuntu:

~$ls-l>tempfile

administrator@ubuntu:

~$wc-ltempfile

21tempfile

administrator@ubuntu:

~$rmtempfile

不一样，此处为对文件tempfile的处理，而7题是定义或显示别名的，在标准输出上打印别名列表。

二者是有区别的。

25administrator@ubuntu:

~$ls>tempfile2

administrator@ubuntu:

~$wc-ltempfile2

20tempfile2

26date;who;>file

2011年11月19日星期六14:

31:

51CST

administratortty72011-11-1913:

35（:

0）

administratorpts/02011-11-1914:

04（:

0.0）

27administrator@ubuntu:

~$set

administrator@ubuntu:

~$env

28administrator@ubuntu:

~$localvar=10

administrator@ubuntu:

~$echo$localvar

10

administrator@ubuntu:

~$set

29administrator@ubuntu:

~$$bash

administrator@ubuntu:

~$echo$localvar

因为变量是本地变量，只在其父进程中有效。

30exportlocalvar命令可以将值带