考研英语真题和答案.docx
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考研英语真题和答案
2008年考研英语真题和答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranistosayitanyway.Heisthatbird,ascientistwhoworksindependentlyanyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnotthoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.
he,however,mighttrembleattheofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonlythatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.ThegroupinareaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.
ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,12-15pointsabovethevalueof100,andhavecontributedtotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,astheoftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,.Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,,havepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeentosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionofeducation.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately.Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehasthemtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthisstateofaffairs.
1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased
2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare
3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against
4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately
5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence
6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk
7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects
8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question
9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating
10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total
11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately
[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably
12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers
13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve
14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile
15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown
16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing
17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument
18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined
19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed
20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.
Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.
Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”
Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”
AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarri