生物学词典2.docx

生物学词典2.docx

《生物学词典2.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《生物学词典2.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

生物学词典2

Abioticstress.

Abzyme.

Adaptiveradiation.

Aerobe.

Agarosegelelectrophoresis.

Alleles

AlternativemRNAsplicing

Aminoacid

Ampicillin（beta-lactamase）

Amplify

Anaerobe.

Anneal

Antibiotic

Antibioticresistance

Antibody

Anticodon

Antigen

Antigenicdeterminant

Antigenicswitching

Antimicrobialagent

Anti-oncogene

AntisenseRNA

Asexualreproduction

Autosome

beta-DNA

beta-Lactamase

Bacillus

Bacillusthuringiensis（Bt）

Backcross

Bacteriocide

Bacteriophage（phageorphageparticle）

Bacteriostat

Bacterium.

Basepair（bp）

Bioaugmentation

Biodiversity

Bioenrichment

Biofilms

Biologics

Biomass

Bioremediation

Biotechnology

Bioticstress

bP（Basepair.）

Bt（Bacillusthuringiensis）

Capsid（Coatprotein）

Carcinogen

Carcinoma

Catalyst

Catalyticantibody（abzyme）

CatalyticRNA（ribozyme）

Cation

cDNA

cDNAlibrary

Cellularoncogene（proto-oncogene）

Centersoforigin

Centraldogma

Centrifugation

Centromere

Chemotherapy

Chloramphenicol

Chromatid

Chromosome

Chromosomewalking

Cistron

Clone

Cloning

Coatprotein（capsid）

Codon

Coenzyme（cofactor）

Cofactor

Colony

Commensalism

Competency

ComplementaryDNAorRNA

Complementarynucleotides

Concatemer

Conjugation

Constitutivepromoter

Contiguous（contig）map

CopyDNA

Cross-hybridization

Cross-pollination

Crossing-over

Culture

CyclicAMP（cyclicadenosinemonophosphate）

Cytogenetics

Dalton

Deathphase

Denature

Densitygradientcentrifugation

Deoxyribonucleicacid

Diabetes

Dideoxynucleotide（didN）

didN

Digest

Diploidcell

Directionalcloning

DNA（Deoxyribonucleicacid）.

DNAdiagnosis

DNAfingerprint

DNAligase

DNApolymerase

DNApolymorphism

DNApolymerase

DNAsequencing

DNase（deoxyribonuclease）

Dominant

Dominantgene

Dominant（-acting）oncogene

Dormancy

Doublehelix

Double-strandedcomplementaryDNA（dscDNA）

Downstream

dscDNA

DuplexDNA

Ecology

Ecosystem

Electrophoresis

Electroporation

Encapsidation

Endonuclease

Endophyte.

EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）

Enzymes

EPA

Escherichiacoli

Ethidiumbromide

Eukaryote

Evolution

Exon

Exonuclease

Express

Expressionlibrary

FDA.（FoodandDrugAdministration）

FederalInsecticide,Fungicide,andRodenticideAct（FIFRA）.

FederalPlantPestAct（PPA）

FederalSeedAct

Flankingregion

FoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）

Food,Drug,andCosmeticAct

Fungicide

Fungus

Fusiongene

Gamete

GEM

Gene

Geneamplification

Genecloning

Geneexpression

Geneflow

Genefrequency

Geneinsertion

Genelinkage

Genemodification

Genepool

Genesplicing

Genetranslocation

Geneticassimilation

Geneticcode

Geneticdisease

Geneticdrift

Geneticengineering

Geneticlinkagemap

Geneticmarker

Genome

Genomiclibrary

Genotype

Genus

GEO

Germcell

Germcell（germline）genetherapy

GMOGeneticallymodifiedorganism.

Greenrevolution

Growthcurve

Growthfactor

Growthphase（curve）

Haploidcell

Hemophilia

Herbicide

Heterochromatin

Heteroduplex

HeterogeneousnuclearRNA（hnRNA）

HGH

hnRNA

Homologouschromosomes

Homologousrecombination

Homozygote

Host

HumanGenomeProject

Humangrowthhormone（HGH,somatotrophin）

Hybrid

Hybridization

Hybridoma

Hydrogenbond

Hydrolysis

Immortalizingoncogene

Incompletedominance

Initiationcodon

Inositollipid

Insertionmutations

Insitu

Insulin

Interferon

Intergenicregions

Introgression

Intron

Invasiveness

Invivo

Ion

Isotope

Joining（J）segment

Kanamycin

kanr

Karyotype

Lagphase

Lawn

Legume

Ligase（DNAligase）

Ligate

Lineage

Linkage

Linkagemap

Linkedgenes/markers

Linker

Liposomes

Locus（plural=loci）

Logphase

Logarithmicphase（logorexponentialgrowthphase）

Lysis

Lysogen

Lysogenic

Lytic

Malignant

Mapping

Megabasecloning

Meiosis

MessengerRNA（mRNA）

Metabolism

Metallothionein

Microbe

Microbialmats（biofilms）

Microinjection

Mitosis

Molecularbiology

Molecularcloning

Moleculargenetics

Monoclonalantibodies

Monoculture

Monogenic

Movablegeneticelement

mRNA

Multi-locusprobe

Mutagen

Mutation

Mutualism

Mycorrhizae

NationalInstitutionsofHealth（NIH）

NationalScienceFoundation（NSF）

Naturalselection

Nicktranslation

Nickedcircle（relaxedcircle）

NIH

Nitrocellulose

Nitrogenfixation

Nitrogenousbases

Nodule

Nontargetorganism

Northernblotting

Northernhybridization

NSF

Nuclease

Nucleicacids

Nuclein

Nucleoside

Nucleosideanalog

Nucleotide

Nucleus

OccupationalSafetyandHealthAct

OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration（OSHA）

biotechnology

Oligonucleotide

Oncogene

Oncogenesis

Openpollination

Openreadingframe

Operator

Organelle

Originofreplication

OSHA

Overlappingreadingframes

Ovum.Afemalegamete.

Paleontology

Palindrome

Palindromicsequence

pAMP

Parasitism

Pathogen

pBR322

PCR

Pedigree

Persistence

Pesticide

Phage（particle）

Phenotype

Pheromone

Phosphatase

Phosphodiesterbond

Phospholipid

Phosphorylation

Physicalmap

PlantPestAct（PPA）

PlantVarietyAct（PVA）

Plaque

Plasmid（p）

Pleiotrophy

Pointmutation

Poly（A）polymerase

Polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis

Polyclonalantibodies

Polygenic

Polylinker

Polymer

Polymerase

Polymorphisms

Polynucleotide

polymerase

Polypeptide（protein）

Polyploid

Polysaccharide

Polyvalentvaccine

Population

PPA

Prion

Probe

Prokaryote

Proto-oncogene

Primarycell

Primer

Probe

Promoter

Pronucleus

Protease

Protein

Proteinaceousinfectiousparticle（prion）

Proteinkinase

Proteolytic

Provirus

PublicHealthServiceAct

pUC.

PVA.

Readingframe

Recessive（-acting）oncogene,（anti-oncogene）

Recessivegene

Recognitionsequence（site）

Recombinant

RecombinantDNA

Recombinationfrequency

Regulatorygene

Relaxedcircleplasmid

Relaxedplasmid

Renature

Replicon

Repressor

Restrictionendonuclease（enzyme）.

Restriction-fragment-lengthpolymorphism（RFLP）

Restrictionmap

Retrovirus

Reversegenetics

Reversetranscriptase（RNA-dependentDNApolymerase）

RFLP

Rhizobia

Rhizosphere

Ribozyme

RibosomalRNA（rRNA）

Ribosome

Ribosome-bindingsite

RNA（ribonucleicacid）

RNApolymerase

rRNA

Salmonella

SatelliteRNA（viroids）

S&E.（U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture）

Self-pollination

Selectablemarker

Semiconservativereplication

Sequencehypothesis

Sequence-taggedsite（STS）

Sexualreproduction

Signaltransduction

Site-directedmutagenesis

SmallnuclearRNA（snRNA）

snRNA

Somaticcell

Somaticcellgenetherapy

Somatotrophin

Southernblotting

Southernhybridization（Southernblotting）

Species

Spore

Stationaryphase

Stickyend

Stringency

Stringentplasmid

STS

Stopcodon

Structure-functionalism

Subcloning

Subunitvaccine

Supercoiledplasmid

Supergene

Supernatant

Symbiosis

Synapsis

Taqpolymerase

TATAbox.

T-DNA（transferDNA,tumor-DNA）

Telomere

Template

Terminationcodon

Terminatorregion

Tetracycline

Thymidinekinase（tk）

Ti（tumor-inducing）plasmid

ToxicSubstancesControlAct（TSCA）

Trait

Transcapsidation

Transcription

Transducingphage

Transduction

Transfection

TransferDNA

TransferRNA（tRNA）

Transformant

Transformation

Transformationefficiency

Transformingoncogene

Transgene

Transgenic

Transgenicanimal

Transgenicplant

Transition-stateintermediate

Translation

Translocation

Transposablegeneticelement

Transposition

Transposon（transposable,ormovablegeneticelement）

tRNA（transferRNA）

Trypsin

TSCATheToxicSubstancesControlAct

TumorDNA

Tumor-inducingplasmid

Tumorvirus

Upstream

USDA

U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture

Vaccine

Vaccinia

Variablesurfaceglycoprotein（VSG）

Variation

Vector

Viraloncogene

Viroid

Virulence

Virus

VSG

Weed

Weediness

Wildtype

X-linkeddisease

X-raycrystallography

Z-DNA