02修辞学判断修辞手法.docx

02修辞学判断修辞手法.docx

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02修辞学判断修辞手法

修辞手法

7.1Alliteration【头韵，词首辅音字母押韵】

7.2Assonance【谐音，押元音】

7.4Onomatopoeia【拟声】

7.5Aposiopesis【话语中断，顿绝法，歇后语，跳脱，说一半不说，省略号，破折号】

7.7Pun【双关】

8.2Anaphora【首语重复，首词重复，句首的词或词组】

8.4Simploce【首尾语重复，A…B/A…B】

8.5Anadiplosis【联珠法，单词…B/B…】

8.7Antithesis【对偶，对照，反义词，结构相似，意思相反】

9.1Climax【层进】

9.3Syllepsis【一层双叙，语法上正确，正常搭配】

9.4Zeugma【轭式修饰，不正常搭配】

9.5Chiasmus【交错搭配，重复调转，eattolive,livetoeat】

9.7Polysyndeton【连词叠用，几个连词一起用】

9.8Rhetoricalquestion【反问，不需要回答，找问号】

10.1Simile【明喻】

10.2Metaphor【暗喻】

10.3Metonymy【换喻，转喻】

10.4Synecdoche【提喻，整体与部分的关系】

10.6Personification【拟人】

10.7Parody【仿拟，对名言名句仿写句子】

10.8Synesthesia【通感，联觉，不同感观结合】

10.9Transferredepithet【转类】

11.2Allusion【典故，引用】

11.3Hyperbole【夸张】

11.5Irony【反语】

11.6Innuendo【暗讽，暗贬】

7.1Alliteration【头韵，词首辅音字母押韵】

Manyaman,manyamind.

7.2Assonance【谐音，押元音】

Letushelpyouextendyourself.

Hastemakeswaste.

7.4Onomatopoeia【拟声】

Thedoorbangedopen.

Dasistartedgiggling.

7.5Aposiopesis【话语中断，顿绝法，歇后语，跳脱，说一半不说，省略号，破折号】

“You’dbetterdothisorelse…”

“IfonlyIknewwhokilledthatcherrytree,”hecried,“Iwould…yes,Iwould…”

“I’magreeing,withyou,only—“

7.7Pun【双关】

Apuninvolvestheuseofapolysemouswordtosuggesttwoormoremeanings.Homonyms,homophones,andhomographs【同形异音异义词】allareavailabletoconstructpunswith.

Homonyms【同音同形异义词】

Ifwedon’thangtogetherwe’llhangseparately.

Homophones【同音异形异义词】

Sevendayswithoutwatermakeoneweak.

Usedinriddles:

Whyisariverrich?

—Becauseithastwobanks.[bankofariver;bankwheremoneyisdepositedandkept]

8.2Anaphora【首语重复，首词重复，句首的词或词组】

Iwanttoknowhowlongshe’sbeenthere,Iwanttoknowthatshe’sthereatallfor.

8.4Simploce【首尾语重复，A…B/A…B】

Wearethehollowmen.

Wearethestuffedmen.

8.5Anadiplosis【联珠法，单词…B/B…】

WithBewickonmyknee,Iwashappy:

happyatleastinmyway.

MywordsIknowdowellsetforthmymind;mymindbemoanshissenseofinwardsmart;suchsmartmaypityclaimofanyheart;herheart,sweetheart,isofnotiger’skind.

8.7Antithesis【对偶，对照，反义词，结构相似，意思相反】

Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.

Givemeliberty,orgivemedeath.

Morehaste,lessspeed.

9.1Climax【层进】

Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.

Wewantpeace.Wewantfreedom.Wewantabetterlife.

9.3Syllepsis【一层双叙，语法上正确，正常搭配】

Helosthiscoatandhistemper.

9.4Zeugma【轭式修饰，不正常搭配】

Weateabunandaglassofmilk.

Theywenttothegraveyardwithweepingeyesandhearts.

9.5Chiasmus【交错搭配，重复调转，eattolive,livetoeat】

Tostoptoofearful,andtoofainttogo.

ShewenttoParis,toNewYorkwenthe.

9.7Polysyndeton【连词叠用，几个连词一起用】

It（thetent）issouakedandheavyanditflopsabout,andtumblesdownonyou,andclingsroundyourhead,andmakesyoumad.

9.8Rhetoricalquestion【反问，不需要回答，找问号】

IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

Canwesitidlewhenallothersareworkinglikeahorseonfire?

10.1Simile【明喻】

Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.

Like/as/as…as…/…as…/as…,so…/may（might）aswell…as…/asif（asthough）/what/more…than…/remindof/compare…to/resemble/besimilarto/consider…as/treat…as/serve…as/honor…as.

Leavesdoforplantswhatlungsdoforanimals.

Icomparehisgeniustoalighteningflash.

10.2Metaphor【暗喻】

Visiblemetaphor:

XisY.Youaremysunshine.Youareapainintheneck.

Invisiblemetaphor:

（1）Theprimarytermispresent,butthesecondarytermisnot—butitishintedbyotherwords.

Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.[thesecondaryterm“food”doesnotappearliterally,butitissuggestedbytheverbs“tasted”,“swallowed”,“chewed”and“digested”.]

（2）Thesecondarytermispresentinthesentencebuttheprimarytermisnot.Theprimarytermissuggestedbythesecondaryterm.

Andwecan’tturnbackclocks,andIdon’twantto.[theprimarytermhinted:

historicaltrend]

Sustainedmetaphors:

theprimarytermissuccessivelycomparedtotwoormoresecondaryterms.

Poetryisthescentoftherose,thelighteninginthesky,thegleamofthefly,thesoundofthesea.[Poetryiscomparedtoscent,lightening,gleam,andsound—allindifferentperspectives.]

Extendedmetaphors:

Alltheworld’sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers;theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances,andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,hisactsbeingsevenages.[Theinitialcomparisonis“Theworldisastage.”Itservesabasiccomparisonandthenitisdevelopedbytheconsequentcomparisons,whichserveasitsextendingpart.]

Mixedmetaphors:

Iskimoverthebooktotastethetoneofit.[Tonecannotbetasted.]

Deadmetaphors:

Sheisapeacockineverythingbutbeauty.[Byadding“ineverythingbutbeauty”toit,thespeakermadethedeadmetaphor“sheisapeacock”alive.Thesentencemeans“sheisnotbeautifulatall.”]

10.3Metonymy【换喻，转喻“changeofname”】

（1）Bodypartasanameforthesense,behaviororability

Hehasagoodearformusic.

（2）Nameofapersonasanameforhis/herworksorstyle

WearealltheadmirersofLuXun.

（3）Nameofaclearsignofanobjectorapersonasanamefortheobjectortheperson

Thosebignoses,blueeyesandyellowhairtaughtthemEnglish.

（4）Nameofaplaceasanameforsomethingproducedorsomeeventthathappenedthere

（5）Instrumentorcontainersasanameforthemethod,positionorsubstance

Thekettleisboiling.

（6）Trademarkorbrandasanamefortheproducts

HeisdrivingaFord.

（7）Locationasanameforthegovernment,institutionsorenterprises.

10.4Synecdoche【提喻，整体与部分的关系】

（1）Thepartforthewhole

Hehasmanymouthstofeedinhisfamily.[mouthsforfamilymembers]

Heearnedhisbreadasadustman.[breadforfood]

（2）Thewholeforthepart

Shecutherselfinthekitchen.[herselfforherfinger]

（3）Theabstractfortheconcrete,ortheconcretefortheabstract

Allthewitandlearningoftheworldwereassembledthere.[withandlearningforthewisepeopleandlearnedpeople—theabstractfortheconcrete]

（4）Thespeciesforthegenus,orthegenusforthespecies

Alas,thatspringshouldvanishwiththerose.[roseforflowers—thespeciesforthegenus]

（5）Nameofthematerialforthethingmade

Haveyouanycoppers?

[coppersforcoinsthataremadeofcopper]

10.6Personification【拟人】

Personificationisafigureofspeechwhichattributeshumancharacteristicstoimpersonalthings,suchasanimals,inanimateobjects,orabstractions.

Englandexpectseverymantodohisduty.

Personificationisusuallyemployedtoaddvividnesstoexpression.Itcanbeproducedbytheuseofverbs,nouns,adjectives,adverbsandpronouns.

Timeisthebestphysician.

Personificationscanbedividedintothefollowingtypes.

Animalsandplants:

Flowerspeepedoutfromamongsttheleaves.

Inanimateobjects:

Overheadthestarswinkedmischievouslyatus.

Abstractidea:

Lifehascheatedher.

Nounsoftimeandplaceusedassubjectsfollowedbysuchverbsassee,find,notice,discover,witness,take,etc:

Thiscornerhaswitnessedmanytrafficaccidents.

Personificationisoftenusedinproverbs:

Necessityknowsnolaw.Lieshaveshortlegs.

10.7Parody【仿拟，对名言名句仿写句子】

Theparodyortheimitationisnotonlyforthepurposeofbeingamusingandhumorousbutalsoforconveyingnewinformation.

Parodiescanbedividedintoword-phraseparodies,sentenceparodies,poemparodiesandtoneparodies.

Word-phraseparodies:

NowisthetimetobombthehelloutofGermanyfromWest.They’llsayandbuildupforfinalassault.[BombthehelloutofGermanyistheparodyoftheidiom“knockthehelloutofsomebody”,whichmeans“beatsomebodyunmercifully.”]

Sentencesparodies:

GivemeGreenworld,orgivemeyesterday.

Poemparodies

Toneparodies:

Thesesimilesareaswrongasrainatagardenwedding,andashardaspietoforgetevenifyouhaveamemoryasshortasanelephant’s.Matteroffact,thewholesimilesituationisinapple-piedisorder,asanyonewhoisn’tasdullasabuttonwillagree.（JaneGoodsell,AsSillyasaSimile）[JaneGoodselldeliberatelyusesacoupleof“as…as”tomockatthosewhofavourtheemploymentofsimles.]

10.8Synesthesia【通感，联觉，不同感观结合】

（1）Senseofvisionmixedwithsenseofhearing

Themusicbreathingfromherface

（2）Senseofvisionmixedwithsenseoftouch

Theroomsonthefirstflooraredecoratedwithcoldcolor.

（3）Senseoftouchmixedwithsenseofhearing

Thatisatartreply.

（4）Senseoftastemixedwithsenseofhearing

AsItastedit,atunecameintomyhead.

（5）Senseofvisionmixedwithsenseoftaste

Hegavemeasourlook.

（6）Senseofvisionmixedwithsenseofhearing

Laughthygoldenlaughter

（7）Senseofsmellmixedwithothersenseofmodalities

Aloudperfumecried.

10.9Transferredepithet【转类】

Accordingtothelogicalrelationshipbetweenthewordmodifyingandthewordmodified,wecandividetransferredepithetsintothreegroups.

Parallelrelationship:

Shesattherewithembarrasseddelight.[Shesatthere,embarrassedanddelighted—“Embarrassed”isparallelto“delight”]

Cause-effect/Effect-causerelationship:

Heansweredwithadelightedsmile.[Hesmiledbecausehewasdelighted:

cause—effect]

Modifyingrelationship:

11.2Allusion【典故，引用】

Itisusuallyacasual,briefandimplicitreferencetoafamoushistoricalorliteraryfigureorawell-knownhistoricalevent,whichthewriterassumestobefamiliartohisreaders.

Allusionsmaybeemployedinformsofwords,phrasesorsentences.

Informofwords:

Utopia,phoenix,Cinderella,Bumble,Shylock,Homer

Informofphrases:

Nounphrases:

Achilles’heel,opensesame,cat’spaw

Verbphrase:

sellone’sbirthright,meetone’sWaterloo,bellthecat

PrepositionalPhrase:

undert