商业银行管理 ROSE 7e 课后答案 Chapter03.docx

商业银行管理 ROSE 7e 课后答案 Chapter03.docx

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商业银行管理ROSE7e课后答案Chapter03

CHAPTER3

THEORGANIZATIONANDSTRUCTUREOFBANKINGANDTHEFINANCIALSERVICESINDUSTRY

GoalofThisChapter:

Thegoalofthischapteristoexplorethedifferenttypesoforganizationsusedinthebankingandfinancialservicesindustry,toseehowchangingpublicmobilityandchangingdemandforfinancialservices,theriseofpotentcompetition,andchanginggovernmentruleshavechangethestructure,sizeandthetypesoforganizationsinthisindustry.

KeyTopicsinthisChapter

∙TheOrganizationandStructureoftheCommercialBankingIndustry

∙InternalOrganizationoftheBankingFirm:

SmallerCommunityandLargerMoney-CenterBanks

∙TheArrayofOrganizationalStructuresinBanking:

Unit,Branch,HoldingCompanyandElectronicBanks

∙InterstateBankingandTheRiegle-NealAct

∙TwoAlternativeTypesofBankingOrganizationsasthe21stCenturyOpened:

TheFinancialHoldingCompanyandBankSubsidiariesModel

∙TheChangingOrganizationandStructureofBanking’sPrincipalCompetitors

∙EfficiencyandSize

ChapterOutline

I.Introduction:

OrganizationalFormsandFunctioninBanking

II.TheOrganizationandStructureoftheCommercialBankIndustry

A.AdvancingSizeandConcentrationofAssets

B.IsaCounterTrendUnderway?

III.InternalOrganizationoftheBankingFirm

A.CommunityBanksandOtherCommunity-OrientedFinancialFirms

B.LargerBanks-MoneyCenter,WholesaleandRetail

C.TrendsinOrganization

IV.TheArrayofOrganizationalStructuresandTypesIntheBankingIndustry

A.UnitBankingOrganizations

B.BranchBankingOrganizations

1.OrganizationalCharacteristics

2.Branching'sExpansion

3.ReasonsbehindBranching’sGrowth

4.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofBranchBanking

C.ElectronicBranching-WebsitesandElectronicNetworks:

AnAlternativeandaSupplementtoTraditionalBankBranchOffices?

D.BankHoldingCompanyOrganizations

1.OrganizationalCharacteristics

2.WhyHoldingCompaniesHaveGrown

3.One-BankHoldingCompanies

4.MultibankHoldingCompanies

5.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofHolding-CompanyBanking

V.InterstateBankingandtheRiegle-NealInterstateBankingandBranchingEfficiencyActof1994

A.Riegle-NealInterstateBankingandEfficiencyActof1994

B.ResearchonInterstateBanking

VI.TwoAlternativeTypesofBankingOrganizationAvailableasthe21stCenturyOpenedFinancialHoldingCompanyModelandBankSubsidiaries

A.Gramm-Leach-BlileyAct

B.FinancialHoldingCompanies

C.BankSubsidiaries

VII.MergersandAcquisitionsReshapingtheStructureandOrganizationoftheFinancial-ServicesSector

VIII.TheChangingOrganizationandStructureofBanking’sPrincipalCompetitors

A.Consolidation

B.Convergence

IX.EfficiencyandSize:

DoBiggerFinancialFirmsOperateatLowerCost?

A.EfficiencyinProducingFinancialServices

1.EconomiesofScale

2.EconomiesofScope

3.X-Efficiency

X.FinancialFirmGoals:

TheirImpactonOperatingCost,Efficiency,andPerformance

A.Expense-PreferenceBehavior

B.AgencyTheory

C.CorporateGovernance

XI.SummaryoftheChapter

ConceptChecks

3-1.HowwouldyoudescribethesizedistributionofAmericanbanksandtheconcentrationofindustryassetsinsidetheUnitedStates?

WhatishappeningingeneraltothesizedistributionandconcentrationofbanksintheUnitedStatesandinotherindustrializednationsandwhy?

AlthoughthelargestbanksintheUnitedStatesmakeuponly6%ofallFDICinsuredbanks,theycontrolalmost87%ofalltheindustry’sassets.ThisdevelopmentisaresultofthestrongtrendtowardsconsolidationandconvergenceintheindustrynotonlyintheUnitedStates,butalsogloballyandcanbeexplainedbytheincreasingcompetitivepressuresintheindustryandtheeconomiesofscalethatprevailinbanking.

3-2.Describethetypicalorganizationofasmaller,communitybankandalarger,money-centerbank?

Whatdoeseachmajordivisionoradministrativeunitwithintheorganizationdo?

Smallbanksgenerallyhavefourbasicdepartmentsordivisionscenteredonlending（thecreditfunction）,fund-raising,operations,andmarketing（and,perhaps,trustservices）.Dailyoperationsareusuallymonitoredbyacashierand/orauditorandbythevicepresidentsinchargeofeachdepartmentanddivision.Overall,thesmallbank'sorganizationchartissimpleanduncomplicated.Incontrast,thelargestbanksusuallyhavemanyspecializeddepartmentsanddivisions,includingseparatedepartmentsfordifferentkindsofloans,departmentstomanagesecurityholdingsandborrowinthemoneymarket,adivisionordepartmenttomanageinternationaloperations,amarketingdivision,andaplanningunitalongwithotherdivisions.

3-3.Whattrendsareaffectingthewaybanksareorganizedtoday?

Ingeneral,banksarebecominglargerandmorecomplexorganizationswithmoredepartmentsandservicesandgreaterspecialization.Deregulationandserviceinnovationhaveacceleratedthistrendasintensecompetitionathomeandabroadhasencouragedbankstobecomelargerorganizations,servingbroaderandmorediversifiedmarketareas.Evensmallbanksarereorganizingtomeetthesechallengesbybeingmoreefficientinmeetingtheirbroader-basedcustomerneeds.

3-4.Whatareunitbanks?

Unitbanksoffertheirfullmenuofservicesfromonlyoneoffice,thoughtheymayoperateanynumberofdrive-inwindows,automatedtellermachines,andpoint-of-saleterminals.Theseorganizationsareverycommontoday.

3-5.Whatadvantagesmightaunitbankhaveoverbanksofotherorganizationaltypes?

Whatdisadvantages?

Unitbankshavetheadvantageofbeinglesscostlytooperatebecausefull-servicebranchofficesareanexpensivewaytogrowand,becauseunitbankstendtoberelativelysmall,theyseemtobeabletoofferpersonalizedservicesbetterthanlargerinstitutions.Onedisadvantageistheheavydependenceofmostunitinstitutionsonasinglemarketareawhichincreasestheirriskoffailureand,someauthoritiesbelieve,unitinstitutionsmaynotbeabletoaffordtechnologicallyadvancedservicedeliverysystems.

3-6.Whatisabranchbankingorganization?

Abranchbankingorganizationsellsitsfullmenuofservicesthroughmorethanoneoffice.Regardlessofitsnumberofofficesitisonecorporationwithoneboardofdirectors.However,eachofficehasitsownmanagementteamwithlimitedauthoritytomakedecisionsoncustomerloanapplicationsandotherfacetsofdailyoperation

3-7.WhattrendinbranchbankinghasbeenprominentintheUnitedStatesinrecentyears?

Branchbankinghasbecomeincreasinglyimportantwiththegreatmajorityofstatesnowallowingstatewidebranching.Today,morestatespermitstatewidebranchingandonlyaminorityrestrictbranchinginsomeway.Therewasanincreaseinthenumberofbranchesinthe60’s,70’sand80’sasthepopulationfledcitiestosuburbanareas.However,inrecentyearsthegrowthinfull-servicebrancheshasslowedbecauseofthesky-rocketingcostsoflandandbuildingofficefacilities.Inaddition,ATM’sandelectronicnetworkshavetakenovermuchoftheroutinebankingtransactions.Thereisnotasmuchneedforfullservicebranchesasbefore.

3-8.Dobranchbanksseemtoperformdifferentlythanunitbanks?

Inwhatways?

Canyouexplainanydifferences?

Branchbankinghasanumberofimportantadvantages.Withofficesspreadoverdifferentareasbranchbanksmayachievemorestableearningsandrevenueflows.Theymaybeabletogrowfasterbecausetheadditionalofficescanbringinmoredebtcapital（principallydeposits）withwhichtogrow.However,researchevidenceaccumulatedinrecentyearssuggeststhataddingnewbranchofficescansubjectthebanktohighfixedcosts,duetolargeandrisingconstructioncosts,whichmeansthebankmustworkhardersimplytoreachabreak-evenpoint.Moreover,branchofficesthatarepoorlysituatedorthathavethemisfortunetobelocatedinanareawhoseeconomyisdeterioratingmaygeneratehighercoststhanrevenuesandsaddlethebankwithpersistentnetearningslosses.

3-9.Whatisabankholdingcompany?

Abankholdingcompanyisacorporationthatholdsanownershipinterestinatleastonebank.Itisalsoallowedtoownnonbankbusinessesaslongastheyarerelatedtobanking.

3-10.WhenmustaholdingcompanyregisterwiththeFederalReserveBoard?

Ifthecompanyownsatleast25percentoftheoutstandingstockofatleastonebankorotherwiseexertsacontrollinginfluenceoveratleastonebank,itmustregisterwiththeFederalReserveBoardandseektheFed'sapprovalifitwishestoincreaseitsshareofownershipinthosebanksinwhichitalreadyhasaninterestorwishestoacquireadditionalbanksornonbankbusinesses.

3-11.Whatnonbankbusinessesarebankholdingcompaniespermittedtoacquireunderthelaw?

TheBankHoldingCompanyAct（asamended）requiresaregisteredbankholdingcompanytoacquireonlythosenonbankbusinessesthatare"closelyrelatedtobanking"and"inthepublicinterest."Amongthemostpopularofthesenonbankbusinessesthathavebeenapprovedforholding-companyacquisitionincludefinancecompanies,mortgagebankingfirms,leasingcompanies,insuranceagencies,dataprocessingfirms,andseveralotherbusinessesaswell.Increasinglyasthe1990sbegan,bankholdingcompaniessoughtapprovaltoacquirefailingsavingsandloanassociationswhichtheFederalReserveBoardgrantedafteracase-by-casereview.TheseS&LacquisitionsweresanctionedbytheU.S.CongresswhentheFinancialInstitutionsReform,Recovery,andEnforcementActwaspassedin1989and,withpassageoftheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporationImprovementActin1991,bankholdingcompaniesweregrantedpermissiontoacquireevenhealthysavingsandloan