介词及连词教学课件.docx
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介词及连词教学课件
介词及连词教学课件
介词和连词介词是用来表明词与词ˎ句与句之间关系的词。
介词是虚词,不能重读,不能单独做成分,后面一般有名词ˎ代词或相当于名词的其它词ˎ短语或从句做它的宾语。
介词和它的宾语一起构成介词短语,在句中做定语ˎ状语ˎ表语ˎ补足语。
知识点一:
.介词的分类1.形式上的分类类别特点例词简单介词由一个词构成at,about,above,across,after,against,along,among,around,before,behind,below,between合成介词由两个合在一起构成without,within,nearby,inside,throughout,into,onto,outside短语介词由几个介词或一个介词和其它词构成regardlessof,becauseof,thanksto,owingto,asaresult/consequenceof,ratherthan,apartfrom,exceptfor,butfor,inplaceof,infrontof,atthetop/bottomof,onbehalfof,incaseof分词介词部分动词的-ing用作介词considering,regarding,dependingon,concerning,including,2.意义上的分类类别例词时间介词at,in,on,since,for,during,until,till,by,before,after,between,from...to,throughout地点介词at,in,on,around,above,below,over,infrontof,behind,inside,outside,beside,nextto,closeto,near,by,across,opposite,through,within,onto,into,off,towards,to,from...to,among,against(倚靠)原因介词becauseof,for,at,with,from比较介词as,like,over(超过),to(与...相比)条件介词butfor(要不是),considering(考虑到),incaseof让步介词despite,inspiteof,regardlessof其它介词for(支持),against(反对),without/with(没/有),besides,except/but/otherthan(除了),insteadof,知识点二:
常用介词的用法1.at1).在某处atthecornerofthestreetattheconcertathomearriveatthestation2).处于状态atwaratlunchatworkattableatadisadvantageatsb/sthsbest/worst3).在...时刻/钟点/时期/岁atthatmomentatnoonatdawnatduskatnightatsunriseatdaybreakattheweekendattheageofatChristmasat2oclock4).以...速度/价格/代价ataspeedof80kphatfull/highspeedatahigh/lowpriceattheexpenseofatarateof5).at+名词表示一......就atthesightofatthesoundofatthethoughtof6).at与动词连用,表示对/朝/向(目标,方向等)aimatlaughatshootatthrowsthatpointsthat7)表示应......邀请/请求/号召/吩咐atourrequestatthechairmansinvitationatonescommand8).与形容词连用,表因...而在...方面besurprisedatsthbeastonishedatsthbeshockedatbeangryatbedisappointedatsthbegoodatpaintingbedelightedattheresultbeimpatientatthedelay9).其它:
callmeat637-22332.in1).在...时间内inthemorning/afternoon/eveninginspring/summer/autumn/winterinthefallof2019inJanuary2).在(某段时间)之后inafewdaysinamonthinaweekstime3).在...空间/范围内inAfricabelyinginbedreadabouttheaccidentinthenewspaper4).处于...状态ingood/badconditioninagoodstateindangerindebtindespairinruinsintroubleinuseinoperationinpreparationinlove5).表示使用语言,材料等sayitinEnglishinpencilputitinwritingpayincashspeakinaloudvoice6).其它:
bedressedintheirbestclothesinarowthreemetresinlengthintearsinanattempttointotalincomfortinconclusioninconsequenceinprincipleindepthindetailindisguiseineffectinpracticeinexistenceincaseinstoreinpersoninplaceinneedindemandinorderinsight3.on1).(覆盖,附着)在...之上(尤指某物的表面上)onthewallontheThamesonthesurfaceofthelakehitsbonthehead2).表时间,在特定的日子里onSundayonMaythefirstonthemorningofMarch8thOnChristmasDayonyourbirthdayononeoccasion3).关于giveatalkontheeconomicsituationdifferfromeachotheronsomeimportantmattersabanonsmoking4).处于活动或状态中beonbusiness/holiday/vacationasoldieronwatchbeonfire5).按照,凭,根据,靠actonhisadviceliveonricebebasedonfacts6).就在...之后,一...就(后接名词或动名词)onhisarrival/returnonarrivinghomeonhearingthenews7).其它:
standononefoothangyourcoatonthathookcomeonmybikeHaveyougotanymoneyonyoubeonthecommitteeonoursidetalkonthetelephoneatownonthecoast4.for1).为了,给,替(表示目的,对象)comehereforadviceprepareforameetingabookintendedforchildrenaknifeforcuttingbreadHeresaletterforyouwokforIBM2).历经,计,达(表示时间,距离,数量)Thebadweatherhaslastedforanentireweekwalkformiles3).支持,赞成Areyoufororagainsttheproposal?
voteforgivingupsmoking4).由于,因为befamousforitshotspringsbepraisedforhisgooddeedsgetanawardforbravery5).当做,作为Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?
DonttakehimforafoolYoumusthavemistakenmeforLisa6).其它:
.Illswapthesetwobottlesforthatone.ThatstoomuchresponsibilityforachildTheboxistooheavyformetoliftTheyareanxiousforhersafetyShehasanearformusichaveagiftforwritingforever永远地forsaleforfree/nothing免费forall虽然,尽管5.by1).在...旁边,靠近standbythewindowComeandsitbyme2).用,靠,通过,借助于(表示方式,手段)bytrain/air/plane/sea/ship/land/bus/carmakealivingbysellingnewspapersknowsbbynamepaybychequecontactyoubyletterorbytelephone3).不迟于,在...之前returnthebookbyFridayBythetimethisletterreachesyou,Iwillhaveleftthecountry.4).按照,以(表示数量,尺寸,程度等,单位词前用the)bepaidbytheday/hoursellitbythemeterjudgeamanbyhislooks/clothes5)表示程度,数量Thebulletmissedhimbytwoinches(子弹以两英寸之差未击中他)Heistallerthanhisfatherbyahead/twocentimetersHousepriceswentupby10%6).表示触及或抓住的人或物的部分takehimbythehandseizehimbythehairpickitupbythehandle7).其它:
beknockedbyabusmeetbychancetakemyumbrellabymistakewithtimegoingbyworkbycandlelight6.against1).以......为背景,衬托。
Thelovestoryunfoldsagainstabackgroundofcivilwar.(这爱情故事以内战为背景展开)Hisredclothesstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.(他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼)2).反对,与......相反,逆向......,违反play/fightagainsttheleaguechampion(和联赛冠军队比赛)againstoneswillagainstthelawrowagainstthecurrent(划船逆流而上)3).对......不利Theevidenceisagainsthim.4).紧靠,倚,碰,撞standagainstthedoorTherainbeatagainstthewindows5).以防takeoutinsuranceagainststh办理保险以防......6).和......相比Whatstherateofexchangeagainstthedollar?
(与美元的兑换率是多少)知识三:
常用介词的辨析:
1.in,at,on,by表示时间in用于表示较长的时间段(世纪,年,月,季节,上午,下午,晚上等)。
如:
inthe1990s;inOctober;inthemorning;intwodays,inonesseventieson用于表示特定或具体的日子,日期,星期,节日,或某一天的上午,下午,晚上前,或当morning,afternoon,evening前有形容词修饰时。
如:
onNewYearsDay;at用于表示时间点,时刻前,或把某一时间看作某一时刻的词前以及某些节假日前。
如:
atsixoclock;atthattime;atnoon;atdaybreak;atChristmas;atthespringfestival;atdinnertime;atweekendsby后接时间点,表示不迟于某时,到某时为止:
注意:
all,every,each,this,next,last。
等限定词和时间名词连用时,前面不用介词。
oneverySunday(),inthisyear()2.in,after表时间in+段时间表示以说话时间为起点的将来一段时间之后,常与将来时连用。
after+段时间,相当于段时间+later,常与一般过去时连用;after可与表示时间点的词连用,表示过去或将来的动作,而in不与表示时间点的词连用。
如:
Myfatherwillbebackfromabroadinthreedays.Helefthomeandwenttothefrontaftertwodays(twodayslater)Illgoandseeherafterthreeoclock.3.for,since表时间for+时间段,表示某动作或状态延续多长时间,主句可与现在完成时、过去时或将来时连用。
since+过去时间点或过去时的句子,表示从过去某时延续至今,主句与完成时连用。
如:
Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearly25yearsbeforetheywerediscovered.IhavestudiedFrenchforthreeyears.Festivalsandcelebrationsofallkindshavebeenheldeverywheresinceancienttimes.注意:
since还可用作连词,意为既然,由于,根据需要用时态。
4.by,before,until表时间by后接时间点,表示不迟于某时,包括某时在内。
by后是将来的时间,主句常与将来时或将来完成时连用,by后是过去的时间,主句则与过去完成时连用。
before后接时间点,表示在某时之前,不包括某时在内。
若before置于段时间之后,主句常用完成时(以区分ago),与earlier意义相近。
until直到...为止表示动作持续到某时为止。
在非延续性动词作谓语的否定句中,until与by可通用如:
Illhavefinishedeatingbynineoclock.Theshipwontopenuntil/bynextweek。
5.except,besides,exceptfor,but,apartfromexcept表示除...之外(其它的都),其后的宾语被排除在外。
except后可接名词、代词、不定式及that从句。
besides表示除...之外(其它的也),其后的宾语被包括在内。
exceptfor表示排除,但被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的,指从整体中除去一个细节、一个方面,常译为只是。
but意为除了,与except同义,但but常与everything,anything,none,nobody等连用,but还可构成短语cannothelpbutdosth(不得不做);havenochoicebuttodosth(除了做...别无选择);butfor(要不是)apartfrom可相当于except,exceptfor,besides.知识点四:
介词的固定搭配1.介词与名词的搭配ataloss不知所措atthebeginningof...在...开始的时候atthecost/expense/sacrificeof以...为代价atthefootof在...的脚下attheriskof冒...的危险atthemercyof任由...摆布onexhibition在展览onthego忙碌onthemarch在进行中onaccountof因为,由于onconditionthat如果,在...的条件下onthebasisof以...为基础byaccident/chance偶然bycoincidence碰巧bymistake错误地bynature天生地byturns轮流byweight/volume/size/number按重量/体积/大小/数量indetail详细地indepth/height/length/size/width在深度/高度/长度/大小/宽度上inanger生气地incomfort舒适地inorder整齐inpublic公开地inrags衣衫褴褛inruins一片废墟insilence沉默inchargeof管理,负责incontrastto与对比inreturnfor作为回报inpossessionof拥有,占有ofbenefit有益处的ofsignificance有意义的underattack遭到袭击underdiscussion在讨论中undertreatment在治疗中withdelight高兴地withpleasure愉快地beyondcompare无与伦比beyondquestion无可争辩beyonddescription难以描述beyondoneswildestdreams超出某人期望的,出乎意料的forthebenefitof为了...的利益interest/delight/faith/pride/confidence/trustin对...的兴趣/喜欢/信仰/骄傲/信任/信心appetite/love/desire/hunger/taste/respectfor对的欲望/热爱/渴望/渴求/爱好/尊重(much)toonesdelight/joy/surprise/amazement/horror/regret使(非常)高兴/吃惊/恐惧/遗憾的是2.动词与介词的搭配accountfor解释breakdown失灵,坏了,失败,身体跨了,失声痛哭,克服,分解breakinto破门而入,突然...起来bringabout导致belongto属于callon拜访某人,号召callfor去接某人,需要consistof由...组成datefrom追溯到comeacross偶遇,偶然找到resultin导致objectto反对pickup接某人,捡起,无意中接听,学会,染上pickout挑选出,辨认出setaboutdoing开始做payavisitto拜访,参观haveaccessto有机会/权利得到/使用3.形容词与介词的搭配beanxious/concerned/curious/excited/particular/worried/sorry/upset/seriousaboutbeangry/astonished/surprised/delighted/disappointed/good/present/skilledatsthbeabsorbed/abundant/active/dressed/engaged/experienced/involved/lacking/weakinbeanxious/eager/hungry/famous/good/ready/prepared/unfit/thankfulforsthbeabsent/different/far/safe/free/tiredfrombedevoted/similar/polite/rude/close/kind/opposed/useful/harmful/equal/contrary/blind/thankfultobeafraid/ashamed/aware/capable/full/fond/proud/short/sure/certain/tired/worthyofgetridofbeangrywithsbbebusy/familiar/filled/satisfied/content/strict/popular/covered/crowdedwith连词连词是连接单词ˎ短语或句子的一种虚词,在句中不单独做成分,大多数连词具有意义。
连词据性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。
一.并列连词1.表并列,递进或顺承关系:
and,