届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解A篇带答案精确校对.docx

届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解A篇带答案精确校对.docx

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届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解A篇带答案精确校对

One【2018届上海市上海中学高三上学期第二阶段检测】

SectionB

Directions：

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

TheParisclimateagreementfinalizedinDecemberlastyearheraldedaneweraforclimateaction.Forthefirsttime,theworld’snationsagreedtokeepglobalwarmingwellbelow2℃.

Thisisvitalforclimate-vulnerablenations.Fewerthan4%ofcountriesareresponsibleformorethanhalfoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions.InastudypublishedinNatureScientificReports,werevealjusthowdeepthisinjusticeruns.

DevelopednationssuchasAustralia,theUnitedStates,Canada,andEuropeancountriesareessentiallyclimate“free-riders”:

causingthemajorityoftheproblemsthroughhighgreenhousegasemissions,whileincurringfewofthecostssuchasclimatechange’simpactonfoodandwater.Inotherwords,afewcountriesarebenefitingenormouslyfromtheconsumptionoffossilfuels,whileatthesametimecontributingdisproportionatelytotheglobalburdenofclimatechange.

Ontheflipside,therearemany“forcedriders”,whoaresufferingfromtheclimatechangeimpactsdespitehavingscarcelycontributedtotheproblem.Manyoftheworld’smostclimate-vulnerablecountries,themajorityofwhichareAfricanofsmallislandstates,produceaverysmallquantityofemissions.Thisismuchlikeanon-smokergettingcancerfromsecond-handsmoke,whiletheheavysmokerisfortunateenoughtosmokeingoodhealth.

ThePairsagreementhasbeenwidelyhailedasapositivestepforwardinaddressingclimatechangeforall,althoughthedetailsonaddressing“climatejustice”canbebestdescribedassketchy.

Thegoalofkeepingglobaltemperaturerise“wellbelow”2℃iscommendablebuttheemissions-reductionpledgessubmittedbycountriesleadinguptothePairstalksareveryunlikelytodeliveronthis.

Morethan$100billioninfundinghasbeenputonthetableforsupportingdevelopingnationstoreduceemissions.However,theagreementspecifiesthatthereisnoformaldistinctionbetweendevelopedanddevelopingnationsintheirresponsibilitytocutemissions,effectivelyignoringhistoricalemissions.Thereisalsoverylittledetailonwhowillprovidethefundsor,importantly,whoisresponsiblefortheirprovision.Securingthesefunds,andestablishingwhoisresponsibleforraisingthemwillalsobevitalforthefutureofclimate-vulnerablecountries.

Themostclimate-vulnerablecountriesintheworldhavecontributedverylittletocreatingtheglobaldiseasefromwhichtheynowsufferthemost.Theremusturgentlybeameaningfulmobilizationofthepolicesoutlinedintheagreementifwearetoachievenationalemissionreductionswhilehelpingthemostvulnerablecountriesadapttoclimatechange.

Anditisclearlyuptothecurrentgenerationofleadersfromhigh-emittingnationstodecidewhethertheywanttoberememberedasclimatechangetyrantsorpioneers.

56.TheauthoriscriticaloftheParisclimateagreementbecause_____________.

　　A）itisunfairtothoseclimate-vulnerablenations

　　B）itaimstokeeptemperaturerisebelow2℃only

　　C）itisbeneficialtoonlyfewerthan4%ofcountries

　　D）itburdensdevelopedcountrieswiththesoleresponsibility.

57.Whydoestheauthorcomparethe“forcedriders”tosecond-handsmokers?

　　A）Theyhavelittleresponsibilityforpublichealthproblems.

　　B）Theyarevulnerabletounhealthyenvironmentalconditions.

　　C）Theyhavetobearconsequencestheyarenotresponsiblefor.

　　D）Theyareunawareofthepotentialriskstheyareconfronting.

58.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthe$100billionfunding?

　　A）Itwillmotivateallnationstoreducecarbonemissions.

　　B）Thereisnofinalagreementonwhereitwillcomefrom.

　　C）Thereisnoclarificationofhowthemoneywillbespent.

　　D）Itwilleffectivelyreducegreenhouseemissionsworldwide.

59.WhaturgentactionmustbetakentorealizetheParisclimateagreement?

　　A）Encouraginghigh-emittingnationstotaketheinitiative.

　　B）Callingonallthenationsconcernedtomakejointefforts.

　　C）Pushingthecurrentworldleaderstocometoaconsensus.

　　D）Puttingineffectthepoliciesintheagreementatonce.

Keys:

56-59ACBD

Two【2018届上海市华师大二附中高三上学期阶段测试题】

SectionB

Directions：

Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

Awayfromhome,andeatingismorethanjustawaytokeepyourstomachfull.Itisalanguageallitsown,andnowordscans