不定式与ving分词用法区别.docx

不定式与ving分词用法区别.docx

《不定式与ving分词用法区别.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《不定式与ving分词用法区别.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

不定式与ving分词用法区别

请先阅读讲义“不定式与v-ing分词用法区别”

 主语 表语 定语 宾语 宾补 状语

不定式 ⎫  ⎫  ⎫  ⎫  ⎫  ⎫ 

-ing ⎫  ⎫  ⎫  ⎫  ⎫  ⎫ 

一、不定式与-ing都可作以上句子成分，其区别如下：

1、主语

" 使用不定式：

it作形式主语，多用不定式，置语句末）

Itishardtofindatruefriend.

Itisimpolitetotalkwithyourmouthfull.

" 使用-ing

（1）在句首时

Shoppingisherbestwaytorelaxherself.

Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.

Developingtheeconomyandprotectingtheenvironmentcanbepossibleatthesametime.

（2）前有所有格修饰时

Herswimminghasimprovedquicklysinceshestartedtrainingeveryday.

Thepresident’sattendingthemeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.

（3）在以下固定句型中（虽以it做形式主语,也用-ing））

Itisnogood/usepersuadinghimtochangehismind.

ItisworthreadingalltheChinesefamousnovels.

2、表语

" MyjobistoteachyouEnglish.

=MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.

" Thenewsisexciting/surprising/shocking……

3、定语

" 使用不定式：

（1）在以下句型中,常用不定式表将来（主动形式表被动意义）

Westillhavealongwaytogo.（havesthtodo）

Thereisalongwaytogo.（therebe…todo）

Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayhomeallday.（withsthtodo）

（2）有序数词first,second,…last修饰的名词后

Hewasdeterminednottobethefirstonetovoiceopinions.

" 使用-ing：

（1）表____________

adevelopingcountry thefast-growingeconomy asleepingboy therisingsun

Doyouknowthepersontalkingtotheheadteachernow?

=Doyouknowthepersonwhoaretalkingtotheheadteachernow?

（2）表_____________

Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.

=Thosewhowishtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.

Everyoneattendingthemeetingagreedtotheplan.

=Everyonewhoattendedthemeetingagreedtotheplan.

（3）表_____________

aninterestingstory excitingnews  puzzlinglights confusingrules disappointingresults

（4）表_____________

aswimmingpool   awalkingstick  awritingdesk asmokingarea achangingroom

4、宾语

" 使用不定式：

在某些动词后

Hewishestosleepatleastfor8hourseveryday.

MyfatherpromisedtobuymeacellphoneifIgotstraightAinSAT.

HepretendedtobeasleepwhenIapproachedher.

后接不定式作宾语的动词还有：

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

" 使用-ing

（1）在某些动词后

Heisconsideringchangingforanewjob.

后接-ing作宾语的动词还有：

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

（2）在介词后

Sherelaxesherselfbyshopping。

Lookforwardtoseeingyouagain.

to是介词的词组还有：

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

" 使用不定式和-ing意义不同

（1）forgetdoing（havingdone）________________    forgettodo________________________  

rememberdoing（havingdone）_______________  remembertodo_____________________

regretdoing（havingdone）__________________  regrettodo______________________

（2）trydoing_______________      trytodo_______________

（3）meandoing______________     meantodo______________

（4）canthelpdoing______________   can’thelp（to）do_____________

（5）stopdoing_______________      stoptodo_______________

（6）needdoing_______________     needtodo_______________

5、宾补：

不定式或-ing作宾补一般用在动词：

（1） 感官动词:

find,see,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel后

（2） 使役动词make,have,let,keep,leave后

  宾补用（省to）不定式，-ing，过去分词都可，但意义不同。

  Isawhimcomein.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动，动作全过程）

  Isawhimcomingtowardsus.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动，进行）

  Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard（bythestudents）.（说明的对象是宾语，表被动）

  Sorrytokeepyouwaitingsolong.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动和“一直所处的状态”）

  Hehurriedoutofthewashingroom,leavingthewaterstillrunning.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动和“一直所处的的状态”）

  Peoplealongthecoasthadalltheirhousesruinedbythetyphoon.（说明的对象是宾语，表被动）

6、状语

" 使用不定式常表目的。

  Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.

" 使用-ing可表时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、补充说明等。

 Turningaround,hesawacardrivingup.（表_________）

Notknowinghisaddress,hehadmuchdifficultyfindinghishome.（表_________）

Thefirelastedamonth,leavingnothingvaluable.（表_________）

 Beingmorecareful,youcanmakefewermistakes.（表_________）

Helayonthebed,thinkingwhattodothenextday.（表_________）

YesterdayJohnsentmealetter,tellingmethathewouldcometoseemethenextmonth.

（表_________）

二、不定式与-ing的语态与时态

一般式

                        复杂形式

 被动式 完成式 完成被动式 否定式

todo

 主动/将来 tobedone

被动/将来 tohavedone

主动/完成 tohavebeendone

被动/完成 nottodo，

nottobedone

-ing

主动/进行/同时性 beingdone

被动/进行 havingdone

 主动/完成 havingbeendone

 被动/完成 notdoing，

nothavingdone

ν 以上各种形式的使用场合及区别

1. tobedone/beingdone/doing 常作定语

tobedone与说明对象之间表被动和将来; 

beingdone与说明对象之间表被动和进行；

doing与说明对象之间表主动和进行.

Thestudentstobeinterviewedtomorrowarerequiredtobringallthenecessarypapers.

=Thestudentswho_______             tomorrowarerequiredtobringallthenecessarypapers.

Theproblembeingdiscussednowisabout“Economyorenvironment”.

=Theproblemwhich_________________________nowisabout“Economyorenvironment”.

Theoldmansittingatthetablewearsawhiteshirt.

=Theoldmanwho________　___________________ wearsawhiteshirt.

2. todo/tobedone作状语时的区别：

todo与说明对象之间表____________;

tobedone表_____________.

Hehurriedbackhometotellhisfatherhehadwonthefirstplace.

Hewenttheretobetrainedforapilot.

3. tobedoing/todohavedone/tohavebeendone 常作宾语

常用于以下句型：

sth/sbissaid（reported/thought/believed/considered）todo…

sb/sthpretend（happen）todo…

sb/sthislikelytodo…

todo与说明对象之间表主动和将来; 

tobedoing说明对象之间表主动和进行；

todohavedone说明对象之间表主动，在谓语动词之前已发生; 

tohavebeendone说明对象之间表被动，在谓语动词之前已发生。

1）Heissaidtostudyabroad.

=Itissaidthathe_________ __________abroad.

2）Heissaidtobestudyingabroad.

=Itissaidthathe_________ ___________abroad.

3）Heissaidtohavestudiedabroad.（表主动，在谓语动词issaid之前发生）

=Itissaidthathestudied（hasstudied）abroad.

4）LiuXiangwasreportedtohavebrokentheworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.

（表主动，发生在谓语动词wasreported之前）

=ItwasreportedthatLiuXianghadbrokentheworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.

5）LoulanCityisbelievedtohavebeencoveredbysandstormsfromAD200toAD500.

 （表被动，发生在谓语动词isbelieved之前）

=ItisbelievedthatLoulancitywascoveredbysandstormsfromAD200toAD500.

WhenIcamein,hehappenedtogoout.

WhenIcamein,hehappenedtobehavingdinner.

WhenIcame,hehappenedtohavefinishedhishomework.

4. havingdone/havingbeendone 常作状语

doing与说明对象之间表主动，与谓语动词同时发生；

havingdone说明对象之间表主动，在谓语动词之前发生；

havingbeendone表说明对象之间被动，在谓语动词之前发生。

1）Turningaround,hesawacardrivingup.（表主动,与谓语动词saw同时发生）

=Whenhe_________around,hesawacardrivingup.

2）Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.（表主动，发生在谓语动词went之前）

=Afterhe___________________hishomework,hewenttobed.

3）Havingbeenseparatedformillionsofyears,Australiahasalotofuniqueplantsandanimalsthatcannotbefoundinanyothercontinent.（表被动，发生在谓语动词has之前）

=BecauseAustralia_________　____________________formillionsofyears,ithasalotofuniqueplantsandanimalsthatcannotbefoundinanyothercontinent.

小试牛刀，挑战高考！

第一组

1.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket   thedesert.

A.covering   B.covered  C.cover     D.tocover

2.Thereisagreatdealofevidence_______thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain.

A.indicate   B.indicating   C.toindicate   D.tobeindicating

3.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow  hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.

A.said    B.says   C.saying    D.tosay

4.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_______parentstotakemoreresponsibilityforthe

educationoftheirchildren. 

A.forced           B.forcing           C.tobeforced        D.havingforced 

5.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew      withallbyourselveseveryday.

A.deal                  B.dealt            C.todeal              D.dealing 

6.Hankswasthefirstbiologist________oneplanttoanother,makingplantspeciesricher.

 A.totransplant    B.transplanted    C.transplanting    D.transplant

7.Weareinvitedtoaparty_________inourclubnextFriday.  

A.tobeheld         B.held             C.beingheld        D.holding

8.Henrycan’tattendtheparty       atTom’shouseatpresentbecauseheispreparingtomorrow’spresentation.

A．hold B．tohold C．tobeheld D．beingheld

9.Don’tsitthere   nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.

A.do   B.todo  C.doing     D.anddoing

10.Manyrantothecrowd          whatwashappeningthere.

A.saw       B.tosee          C.toseeing   D.see

11.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere   foraspaceflight.

A.training  B.beingtrained C.tohavetrained  D.tobetrained

12.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle   .

A.tobeheard  B.tohaveheard  C.hearing  D.beingheard

13.________themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.

A.Thepresidentwouldattend      B.Thepresidenttoattend  

C.Thepresidentattended          D.Thepresident’sattending

第二组

1.______theprojectintime,theworkerswereworkingdayandnight.

A.Completing       B.Havingcompleted  C.Tohavecompleted  D.Tocomplete

2.—Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?



—Yes.But   it，Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.

A.tofind     B.find     C.tobefinding   D.finding

3.  ___ theirhatsintotheair，thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.

A.Tothrow     B.Thrown  C.Throwing   D.Beingthrown

4. __ inthequeuefo