Readings from the Analects of Confucius.docx

Readings from the Analects of Confucius.docx

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ReadingsfromtheAnalectsofConfucius

ReadingsfromConfucius（“Analects”論語）

（translatorindicatedbyboldfacednamebeforeeachentry;

numbering,quotationstyle,paragraphing,andromanizationhavebeenstandardized）

SectionA

Onlearning,thinking,knowledge,theloveoflearning,

Confucius’smethodsandtopics,

thelifeofateacher,student,andahigher,superior,

orexemplaryperson（君子junzi;“gentleman”;as

differentiatedfroma“small”or“petty”person小人xiaoren）

1.1

White:

TheMastersaid,“Isn’titpleasuretolearnathingand,intime,topracticeit?

Andisn’titjoytohavefriendscometoyoufromfarplaces?

Buttogounrecognizedandnotresentit—that’sthehigherperson（junzi）!

”

1.7

Chin:

Zixiasaid,“Ifapersonisabletoappreciatemoralworthasmuchasheappreciatesphysicalbeauty,isabletoservehisparentswiththeutmosteffortandhislordwithnoself-interest,andinhisrelationshipwithfriendsistrustworthyinwords,thoughhemaysaythathelackslearning,Iwouldsurelycallhimlearned.”

1.14

Slingerland:

Thegentlemanisnotmotivatedbythedesireforafullbellyoracomfortableabode.Heissimplyscrupulousinbehaviorandcarefulinspeech,drawingneartothosewhopossesstheWayinordertobesetstraightbythem.Surelythisandnothingelseiswhatitmeanstolovelearning.”

1.15

Lau:

Zigongsaid,“’Poorwithoutbeingobsequious,wealthywithoutbeingarrogant.’Whatdoyouthinkofthissaying?

”

TheMastersaid,“Thatwilldo,butbetterstill‘PooryetdelightingintheWay,wealthyyetobservantoftherites.’”

Zigongsaid,“TheOdessay,

Likebonecut,likehornpolished,

Likejadecarved,likestoneground.

Isnotwhatyouhavesaidacaseinpoint?

”

TheMastersaid,“Si[Zigong],onlywithamanlikeyoucanonediscusstheOdes.Tellsuchamansomethingandhecanseeitsrelevancetowhathehasnotbeentold.”

[“TheOdes”=BookofSongs.Thequoteisfrom#55]

1.16

Lau:

TheMastersaid,“Itisnotthefailureofotherstoappreciateyourabilitiesthatshouldtroubleyou,butratheryourfailuretoappreciateothers.”

2.2

White:

TheMastersaid,“ThePoemsarethreehundredinnumber,butonephraseencompassesthem:

‘Ah!

Theygowithoutswerving.’”

[Poems=BookofSongs;quoteisfrom#297,inwhich“they”areateamofhorses]

2.4

Lau:

TheMastersaid,“AtfifteenIsetmyheartonlearning;atthirtyItookmystand;atfortyIcametobefreefromdoubts;atfiftyIunderstoodtheDecreeofHeaven;atsixtymyearwasattuned;atseventyIfollowedmyheart’sdesirewithoutoversteppingtheline.”

[TheChinesewordstranslatedwith“heart”here（xin心andzhi志）refertoone’sfeelingsandone’sthoughts;inotherwords,theChinse“heart”shouldreallybesomethinglike“heart-mind,”notjust“heart”.Also,thoughcapitalizedhere,theChinesewordtranslatedas“Heaven”（tian天）doesnottypicallyimplyapersonalorfullyanthropomorphicdeity:

itsordinarymeaningissimply“sky,”butdependingonperiod,context,andusage,ittakesonmeaningssuchas“fate,”“nature,”or（vaguely）“god.”]

2.9

Chin:

TheMastersaid,“IcanspeaktoHui[YanHui]allday,andhedoesnotdisagreewithmeorquestionwhatIsaid.Thusitseemsasthoughhewerestupid.Butafterward,whenIobservewhathedoesonhisown,Irealizethatheisabletogivefullplaytowhathehaslearned.Huiisnotstupidatall.”

2.11

Waley:

TheMastersaid,“HewhobyreanimatingtheOldcangainknowledgeoftheNewisfittobeateacher.”

[Thewordtranslatedas“reanimating”here（wen溫）hasalsobeentranslatedas“cherishing”（Legge）,“revising”（Leys）,“reviewing”（Ames/Rosemont）,“chewingover”（Chin）,and“keepingfresh”（Lau）.]

2.12

Leys:

TheMastersaid:

“Agentlemanisnotapot.”

2.14

Waley:

TheMastersaid,Agentlemancanseeaquestionfromallsideswithoutbias.Thesmallmanisbiasedandcanseeaquestiononlyfromoneside.

2.15

Ames/Rosemont:

TheMastersaid:

“Learningwithoutduereflectionleadstoperplexity;reflectionwithoutlearningleadstoperilouscircumstances.”

2.17

Legge:

TheMastersaid,"You,shallIteachyouwhatknowledgeis?

Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathing,toallowthatyoudonotknowit-thisisknowledge."

4.8

Ames/Rosemont:

TheMastersaid,“Ifatdawnyoulearnofandtreadtheway（dao道）,youcanfacedeathatdusk.”

4.10

Chin:

TheMastersaid,“Agentleman,inhisdealingswiththeworld,isnotpredisposedtowhatheisfororagainst.Hesidesonlywithwhatisright（yi）.”

5.4

Ames/Rosemont:

Zigonginquired,“Andwhatdoyouthinkofme?

”TheMasterreplied,“Youareavessel.”Zigongasked,“Whatkindofavessel?

”TheMasterreplied,“Youareamostpreciousandsacredkindofvessel.”

5.9

White:

TheMasteraskedZigong,“Whodoyouthinkisthebetterperson,youorHui?

”

“HowcouldIhopetocomparewithHui!

Hehearsonethingandunderstandsten.Ihearonethingandunderstandtwo.”

TheMastersaid,“Isn’tthatso!

NeitheryounorIcancomparewithhim.”

6.3

Lau:

WhenDukeAiaskedwhichofhisdiscipleswaseagertolearn,Confuciusanswered,“TherewasoneYenHuiwhowaseagertolearn.Hedidnotventhisangeruponaninnocentperson,nordidhemakethesamemistaketwice.Unfortunatelyhisallottedspanwasashortoneandhedied.Nowthereisnoone.Nooneeagertolearnhascometomynotice.”

6.7

Legge:

TheMastersaid,"Suchwas[Yan]Huithatforthreemonthstherewouldbenothinginhismindcontrarytoperfectvirtue.Theothersmayattaintothisonsomedaysorinsomemonths,butnothingmore."

6.20

Chin:

TheMastersaid,“Toknowsomethingisnotasgoodastohavealoveforit.Tohavealoveforsomethingisnotasgoodastofindjoyinit.”

7.1

Leys:

TheMastersaid:

“Itransmit,Iinventnothing.Itrustandlovethepast.Inthis,IdaretocomparemyselftoourvenerablePeng[aShangDynastyministerfamedforreverenceforthepast].”

7.2

Lau:

TheMastersaid,“Quietlytostoreupknowledgeinmymind,tolearnwithoutflagging,toteachwithoutgrowingweary,thesepresentmewithnodifficulties.”

7.3

Lau:

TheMastersaid,“Itisthesethingsthatcausemeconcern:

failuretocultivatevirtue,failuretogomeredeeplyintowhatIhavelearned,inability,whenIamtoldwhatisright,tomovetowhereitis,andinabilitytoreformmyselfwhenIhavedefects.”

7.5

Lau:

TheMastersaid,“HowIhavegonedownhill!

IthasbeensuchalongtimesinceIdreamtoftheDukeofZhou.”

[TheDukeofZhouisConfucius’smainexemplaramongtheZhoufounders]

7.6

White:

TheMastersaid,“Setyourmindontheway,relyonthepowerofexcellence（de）,restongoodness（ren）,andwanderateaseinthearts.”

7.7

Lau:

TheMastersaid,“Ihaveneverdeniedinstructiontoanyonewho,ofhisownaccord,hasgivenmesomuchasabundleofdriedmeatasapresent.”

7.8

Ames/Rosemont:

TheMastersaid,“Idonotopenthewayforstudentswhoarenotdrivenwitheagerness;Idonotsupplyavocabularyforstudentswhoarenottryingdesperatelytofindthelanguagefortheirideas.Ifonshowingstudentsonecornertheydonotcomebacktomewiththeotherthree,Iwillnotrepeatmyself.”

7.16

White:

TheMastersaid,“Coarsericetoeat,waterfordrink,myowncrookedarmforapillow—therearejoystobehadinsuchthings.Ill-gottenwealthandposition?

Tome,theyarelikepassingclouds.”

7.19

Legge:

TheDukeofSheaskedZiLuaboutConfucius,andZiLudidnotanswerhim.TheMastersaid,"Whydidyounotsaytohim,'Heissimplyaman,whoinhiseagerpursuitofknowledgeforgetshisfood,whointhejoyofitsattainmentforgetshissorrows,andwhodoesnotperceivethatoldageiscomingon?

'"

7.20

Ames/Rosemont:

TheMastersaid,“Iamnotthekindofpersonwhohasgainedknowledge（zhi知）throughsomenaturalpropensityforit.Rather,lovingantiquity,Iamearnestinseekingitout.”

7.21

Legge:

ThesubjectsonwhichtheMasterdidnottalk,were:

extraordinarythings,featsofstrength,disorder,andspiritualbeings.

7.22

Legge:

TheMastersaid,"WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.Iwillselecttheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem,theirbadqualitiesandavoidthem."

7.25

Legge:

TherewerefourthingswhichtheMastertaught:

letters,ethics,devotionofsoul（zhong）,andtruthfulness（xin）.

7.28

Chin:

TheMastersaid,“Isupposetherearethosewhotrytoinnovatewithouthavingacquiredknowledgefirst.Iamnotoneofthose.Iusemyearswellandwidely,andIchoosewhatisgoodandfollowit.IusemyeyeswellandwidelyandIretainwhatIobserve.Thisisthenext-bestkindofknowledge.”

7.33

Legge:

TheMastersaid,"InlettersIamperhapsequaltoothermen,butthecharacterofthesuperiorman（junzi）,carryingoutinhisconductwhatheprofesses,iswhatIhavenotyetattainedto."

7.35

White:

TheMasterwasverysick,andZiluaskedifhecouldprayforhim.TheMastersaid,“Isthatdone?

”andZiluresponded,“Yes.TheEulogiessay,‘Weprayedforyoutothespiritsaboveandbelow.’”

TheMastersaid,”Qiu’sprayinghasbeendoneforalongtime.”

[“Qiu”isConfucius’ownpersonalname]

8.7

Lau:

Zengzisaid,“AGentlemanmustbestrongandresolute,forhisburdenisheavyandtheroadislong.Hetakesbenevolenceashisburden.Isthatnotheavy?

Onlywithdeathdoestheroadcometoanend.Isthatnotlong?

”

8.13

Brooks:

TheMastersaid,“Heisdependable,faithful,andlovesstudy;hewillholduntodeathtotheWayoftheGood.Intoaprecariousstatehewillnotenter;inadisorderedstatehewillnotremain.WhenAllUnderHeaven[i.e.,intheempire]hastheWay,heisseen;