Mark Twain BI.docx

Mark Twain BI.docx

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MarkTwainBI

MarkTwain（1835-1910）

A.hewasthefirstliterarygiantinthathebrokethenarrowlimitsoflocalcoloranddescribedthebreadthofAmericanexperienceasnoonehadeverdonebefore.

B.hewasacclaimedas“thetruefatherofournationalliterature.”

C.Hehasmadecolloquial口语的speechanaccepted,respectablemediuminAmericanliterature.

D.hefirstcreatedtheAmericanboyinAmericanliterature.

E.hisstyleoflanguageinfluencedmanylaterwriterslikeSherwoodAnderson,Hemingway,etc.

Heisamastermindofsatire,humorandrealism.

Hislife:

1.BroughtupinthesmalltownofHannibal,Missouri,ontheMississippiRiver;

2.Leftschoolat12becauseofthedeathofhisfather;

3.Onceworkedasaprinter’sapprentice,atrampprinter,asilverminer,asteamboatpilot,agold-washer,andafrontierjournalist;

4.Becamenationallyfamouswith“JumpingFrog”;

5.WenttoeastwherehemetHowellsandmarried;

6.Tragiceventsofhislaterlifechangedhimandhiswritingalittle;

7.Laterbeenalecturer,traveler,businessman,novelistandautobiographer;

8.LedanactivelifeintheverycenteroftheAmericanexperiences.

HisWorks

（1）

1TheCelebratedjumpingFrogofCalaverasCounty（1865）<卡拉维拉县弛名的跳蛙>

--Itisacollectionofshortstoriesfromoraltales,talltalesthatheheardinthewest.

2InnocentsAbroad（1869）<傻子国外旅行记>

3RoughingIt（1872）<艰苦岁月>

4TheGildedAge（1873）<镀金时代>

--WrittenincollaborationwithCharlesDudleyWarner,thenovelexploredthescrupulousindividualisminaworldoffantasticspeculationandunstablevalues.Thenovelwasanartisticfailure,butitgivesitsnametotheAmericaofthecorruptpost-CivilWarperiodinwhichitattemptedtosatirize

5.TheAdventuresofTomSawyer（1876）<汤姆.索亚历险记>

--isusuallyregardedasaclassicbookwrittenforboysabouttheirparticularhorrorsandjoys.Ithasbecometheimageofapeacefulsmall-townAmericanboyhoodformillionsofpeople,notonlyintheUnitedStatesbutthroughouttheworld.

6ThePrinceandthePaup（1881）<王子和贫儿>

7LifeontheMississippi（1883）<密西西比河上>

----tellsastoryofhisboyhoodambitiontobecomeariverboatpilot.

8TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn（1886）<哈克贝里.费恩历险记>

--fatheredModernAmericanliterature

--ThebookmarkstheclimaxofTwain'sliterarycreativity.ItisconsideredasthebestbookthatTwaineverproduced.Hemingwayoncedescribedthenoveltheonebookfromwhich"allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes".

9AConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt

（1889）<在亚瑟王朝廷里的康涅狄格州美国人>

--aparableofcolonization,Twainfollowsthejourneyofarepresentativeofmoderntechnologyandideasintoahistoricallybackward,feudalsociety.

10Pudd’nheadWilson（1893）<傻瓜威尔逊>

11TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg（1900）<败坏了哈德莱堡的人>

12TheMysteriousStranger（1916）<神秘的来客>

--Theseworksallcontainbitterattacksonthehumanrace,or"damnedhumanrace"asTwainreferred.

13FollowingtheEquator（1897）<赤道旅行记>

14Autobiography（1924）<自传>

15AmericanClaimant《美国的债权人》

16DisgracefulpersecutionofaBoy《对一个孩子的卑鄙迫害》

17Goldsmith’sFriendAbroadagain《哥尔斯密的朋友再次出国》

18TheTreatywithChina《和中国签订的条约》

19TothePersonSittinginDarkness《给坐在黑暗中的人》

Hisviewsandthemes

1.MarkTwainisapartofAmerica.

Thetwo,inmanyways,areinseparable.

2.Hewasessentiallyanaffirmativewriter,buttowardthelatterlife,hechangedfromanoptimistandhumoristtoanalmostdeterminist.

3.Asasocialcritic,allhislife,helovedlife,people,freedomandjustice,feltaprideinhumandignityandadvocatedbrotherhoodofman.Hehatedtyrannyandiniquity,despisedmeannessandcruelty.

HisStyle

1）Hisstylewasprecise,enviable,andwell-crafted.

2）Hischaracterswerevivid,fallibleandfunny.

3）VernacularLanguage

4）LocalColor

Twainasalocalcolorist乡土文学

Twainisalsoknownasalocalcolorist,whopreferredtopresentsociallifethroughportraitsofthelocalcharactersofhisregions,includingpeoplelivinginthatarea,thelandscape,andotherpeculiaritieslikethecustoms,dialects,costumesandsoon.Consequently,therichmaterialofhisboyhoodexperienceontheMississippibecametheendlessresourcesforhisfiction,andtheMississippivalleyandthewestbecamehismajortheme.Hisuseoflocalcolorandhistoricalsettingtoilluminatecontemporarysocietyhasservedacreativeinspirationforgenerationsofwriterstocome.

Hisuseofvernacular

AnotherfactthatmadeTwainuniqueishismagicpowerwithlanguage,hisuseofvernacular.Hiswordsarecol1oquial,concreteanddirectineffect,andhissentencestructuresaresimp1e,evenungrammatical,whichistypicalofthespoken1anguage.AndTwainskillfullyusedthecolloquialismtocasthisprotagonistsintheireverydaylife.What'smore,hischaracters,confinedtoaparticularregionandtoaparticularhistoricalmoment,speakwithastrongaccent,whichistrueofhis1ocalcolorism.Besides,differentcharactersfromdifferentliteraryorculturalbackgroundstalkdifferently,asisthecasewithHuck,Tom,andJim.Indeed,withhisgreatmasteryandeffectiveuseofvernacular,Twainhasmadecolloquialspeechanaccepted,respectable1iterarymediumintheliteraryhistoryofthecountry.Hisstyleoflanguagewaslatertakenupbyhisdescendants,SherwoodAndersonandErnestHemingway,andinfluencedgenerationsofletters.

Hishumor

MarkTwain'shumorisremarkable,too.ItisfuntoreadTwaintobeginwith,formostofhisworkstendtobefunny,containingsomepracticaljokes,comicdetails,wittyremarks,etc.,andsomeofthemareactuallytallta1es.Byconsideringhisexperienceasanewspaperman,MarkTwainsharedthepopu1arimageoftheAmericanfunnymanwhosepunning,facetious,irreverenlarticlesfilledthenewspapers,andagreatdealofhishumorischaracterizedbypuns,straight-facedexaggeration,repetition,andanti-climax,letalonetricksoftravestyandinvective.However,hishumorisnotonlyofwittyremarksmockingatsmallthingsoroffarcicalelementsmakingpeoplelaugh,butakindofartisticstyleusedtocriticizethesocialinjusticeandsatirizethedecayedromanticism.

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

PortraitofHuckleberryFinn

ThenovelbeginswiththedescriptionofhowWindowDouglasattemptstocivilizeHuckandendswithhimdecidingnottoletithappenagainatthehandsofAuntSally.TheclimaxariseswithHuck'sinnerstruggleontheMississippi,whenHuckispolarizedbythetwoopposingforcesbetweenhisheartandhishead,betweenhisaffectionforJimandthelawsofthesocietyagainstthosewhohelpslavesescape.Huck’sfinaldecision--tofo1lowhisowngood--heartedmoralimpulseratherthanconventionalvillagemorality--amountstoavindicationofwhatMarkTwaincalled"thedamnedhumanrace,"damnedforitscomfortablehypocrisies,itsthoroughgoingdishonesties,anditspervasivecruelties.Withtheeventualvictoryofhismoralconscienceoverhissocialawareness,Huckgrows.

magicpowerwithlanguage

Hiswordsarecolloquial,concreteanddirectineffect,andhissentencestructuresaresimple,evenungrammatical,whichistypicalofthespokenlanguage.Hischaractersspeakwithastrongaccent.What'smore,differentcharactersfromdifferentliteraryorculturalbackgroundstalkdifferently.Speakinginvernacular,awildanduneducatedHuck,runningawayfromcivilizationforhisfreedom,isvividlybroughttolife.Withhisgreatmasteryandeffectiveuseofvernacular,MarkTwainhasmadecolloquialspeechanaccepted,respectableliterarymediumintheliteraryhistoryofthecountry.

Humor

Agreatdealofhishumorischaracterizedbypuns,straight-facedexaggeration,repetition,anti-climax,tricksoftravesty滑稽模仿andinvective.（abusivelanguage;vituperation）谴责的或谩骂的语言；责骂

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn，asequeltoTomSawyer,givesa-trueandvividpictureoftheAmericansocialevilsbeforetheAmericanCivilWar,criticizesandexposesthecrimesofslaveryandracialdiscrimination,satirizesthehypocrisyofthereligionandclearlyembodiesthewriter'sdemocraticideal.Thenovelreflectsthewriter'suniqueartisticstylewithhumoroustouches,finepsychologicaldescriptions,life-likeimagesoftheheroesandlivelylanguage.Theriverisasymboloffreedomandtheshoreasymbolofbondage.Asthemasterpieceofthewriter,itisreallyanimmortalmasterpieceinAmericanliterature.

TheGildedAgewaswrittenincollaborationwithCharlesDudleyWarner.ItpicturestheUnitedStatesasbecomingcorruptbecauseitsacrificedthetrueideasofvirtueandhappinessfordestructivenotions.Inshort,thethirdquarterofthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStateswasnotagolden,butagildedage.

Languagestyle

MarkTwainshowshismagicpowerwithlanguageinhisnovels,theuseofvernacular.Hiswordsarecolloquial,concreteanddirectineffect,andhissentencestructuresaresimple,evenungrammatical,whichistypicalofthespokenlanguage.

I.MarkTwain（1835--19l0）

MarkTwainisagreatliterarygiantofAmerica,whomH.L.Menckenconsidered“thetruefatherofournationalliterature.”WithworkslikeAdventureofHuckleberryFinn（1884）andLifeontheMississippi（1883）Twainshapedtheworld’sviewofAmericaandmadeamoreextensivecombinationofAmericanfolkhumorandseriousliteraturethanpreviouswritershadeverdone.

MarkTwain’slifeandwriting:

MarkTwain,PennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens,wasbornonNovember30,1835,inMissouri,andgrewupintherivertownofHannibal.Afterhisfatherdied,hebegantoseekhisownfortune.Heonceworkedasajourneymanprinter,asteamboatpilot,anewspapercolunistandasadeadpanlecturer.T