考研英语真题及解析最新版本.docx

考研英语真题及解析最新版本.docx

《考研英语真题及解析最新版本.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语真题及解析最新版本.docx（56页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

考研英语真题及解析最新版本

2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语〔一〕试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

By1830,theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million 1 ofthesenationslooked 2 tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberiancolonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence 3 theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers 4 totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the 5 toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety. 6 therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya 7 setoflaws.

Ontheissueof 8 ofreligionandthepositionoftheChurch, 9 ,therewaslessagreement 10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11 bytheSpanishcrown. 12 mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism 13 theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe 14 ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15 fortheconservativeforces.

Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16 inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s 17 colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch 18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies 19 .Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas 20 self-ruleanddemocracy.

1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals

2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully

3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected

4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted

5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return

6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally

7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical

8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform

9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover

10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by

11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded

12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While

13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against

14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence

15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish

16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised

17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original

18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher

19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred

20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unpreparedfor

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:

elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatemonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevermorepronounced.

Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?

Hereareafewguesses:

a）certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b）winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c）soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d）noneoftheabove.

AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.〞EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:

trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,〞Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.〞

Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes〞theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.

Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:

thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers—whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming—arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.

21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto

[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.

[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsattheWorldCup.

[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.

[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.

22.Theword“mania〞（Line4,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans

[A]fun.

[B]craze.

[C]hysteria.

[D]excitement.

23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory

[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.

[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.

[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.

[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.

24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat

[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.

[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.

[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.

[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.

25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?

[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.〞

[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.〞

[C]“Practicemakesperfect.〞

[D]“Likefather,likeson.〞

Text2

Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplement Parade hasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.〞PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe（whoseIQis100）as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?

Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?

It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.

Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?

Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?

ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:

theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales（bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion）.Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest（SAT）andtheGraduateRecordExam（GRE）,capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.

Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?

〞,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestsbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership—thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.

26.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?

[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.

[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.

[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.

[D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.

27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutintelligen