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冠词.docx

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冠词.docx

冠词

冠词

1.不定冠词的用法

  冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。

英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(theDefiniteArticle),另一种是不定冠词(theIndefiniteArticle),还有一种是零冠词(ZeroArticle)。

  不定冠词a(an)与数词one同源,是"一个"的意思。

a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[ə],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[æn]。

1)表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为acertain。

  AMr.Lingiswaitingforyou.

2)代表一类人或物。

  Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.  Mr.Smithisanengineer.

3)词组或成语。

  alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/apile/agreatmany/manya/asarule/inahurry/inaminute/

inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon/allofasudden

2.定冠词的用法

定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来

表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

 1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

Takethemedicine. 把药吃了。

 2)上文提到过的人或事:

  Heboughtahouse. I'vebeentothehouse.他买了幢房子。

我去过那幢房子。

 3)指世上独一物二的事物:

thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth

 4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:

thedollar美元;

thefox狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:

therich富人;theliving生者。

 5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:

  Wheredoyoulive?

 Iliveonthesecondfloor. 你住在哪?

我住在二层。

  That'stheverythingI'vebeenlookingfor. 那正是我要找的东西。

 6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

 Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.(指全体教师)

 Theyareteachersofthisschool. (指部分教师)

 7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

  Shecaughtmebythearm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。

 8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:

 thePeople'sRepublicofChina 中华人民共和国 theUnitedStates 美国

 9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:

 Sheplaysthepiano. 她会弹钢琴。

 10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:

theGreens 格林一家人(或格林夫妇)

 11)用在惯用语中:

   intheday,inthemorning(afternoon,evening), thedayaftertomorrow, thedaybeforeyesterday,

thenextmorning,inthesky(water,field,country),inthedark, intherain, inthedistance, 

inthemiddle(of), intheend,onthewhole, bytheway, gotothetheatre

3.零冠词的用法

1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:

England,Mary;

 2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;

  Theyareteachers.他们是教师。

 3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;

  Failureisthemotherofsuccess. 失败乃成功之母。

 4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;

  Mancannotlivewithoutwater. 人离开水就无法生存。

 5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;

 WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

 6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;

 TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。

 7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如:

havebreakfast,playchess

 8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;

  Ican'twritewithoutpenorpencil.  没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。

 9)当by与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;bybus,bytrain;

10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:

 school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court等个体名词,直

接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;

   gotohospital  去医院看病gotothehospital 去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

 11)不用冠词的序数词;

 a.序数词前有物主代词mytenthbirthday

 b.序数词作副词 Hecamefirstintherace.

 c.在固定词组中 at(the)first,firstofall,  fromfirsttolast

4.冠词与形容词+名词结构

1)两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西。

  Heraisesablackandawhitecat. 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。

 Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers. 这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。

 2)如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物。

  Heraisesablackandwhitecat. 他养了一只花猫。

5.冠词位置

1)不定冠词位置

 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。

注意:

 

 a.位于下列形容词之后:

such,what,many,half,

  Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.  Manyamanisfitforthejob.

 b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:

  ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.

 c.quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。

但当rather,quite前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。

如:

quitealot

 d.在as,though引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:

   Braveamanthoughheis,hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。

  当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。

2)定冠词位置

 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,threetimes等词之后,

名词之前。

 Allthestudentsintheclasswentout. 班里的所有学生都出去了。

强化训练:

1.

()1.HanMeimeiis___Chinesegirl.Lucyis____Englishgirl.

A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a

()2.Alittleboywrote____"U"and___"n"onthewall.

A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a

()3._____oldladyinbrownis____universityprofessor.

A.An;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a

()4.Therearesixtyminutesin____hour.

A.anB.theC.aD./

()5.Thisis____interestingbookanditisalso____usefulone.

A.an;anB.an;theC.an;aD.a;a

()6.Acomputeris______usefultoolin_______worldtoday.

A.an;theB.a;theC.the;theD.a;a

2.

()1.Wehaveneverseen____interestingfilm.

A.suchB.suchanC.soD.sucha

()2.MrsSmithis____friendof__

A.the;mineB.a;meC.the;myD.a;mine

()3.Heis___boy.

A.aseven-years-oldB.aneight-year-oldC.theseven-year-oldD.aneight-year-older

()4.Isaw____accidentinthestreetyesterday.

A.theB.aC.anD./

()5.Nowheis___artist.Ihaveknownhimsincehewas___one-year-oldboy.

A.a;anB.a;aC.an;anD.an;a

3.

()1.Whichisbigger,___elephantor___horse?

A.a;theB.an;aC.the;anD.an;the

()2.____monkeycanclimb____trees.

A./;theB.A;/C.The;aD./;/

()3.____trainsarefasterthan____buses.

A./;/B.The;/C./;theD.The;a

()4.----HaveyoulearnedGerman?

----Yes.It's___languageI'veeverlearned.

A.aquitedifficultB.quiteadifficultC.difficultquiteD.difficultaquite

()5.Someanimals,like____cat,____dogor____wolf,donotneedtohibernate(冬眠).

A./;/;theB.the;the;theC.a;/;theD.the;/;/

4

()1.Yesterdaywehad____talkwiththeminthehall.

A.theB.thisC.aD.an

()2.Mymotherhad___fever,soIhadtolookafterher.

A.aB.theC./D.this

()3.Hetook___deepbreath.

A./B.aC.thatD.its

()4.Iusuallygooutfor___walkafter____tea;

A.a;/B./;theC.a;aD.the;a

()5.Afterthattheyhad____sleep.

A.anightgoodB.anight'sgoodC.agoodnightD.agoodnight's

5.

()1.Itis____sincewe____lasttime.

A.longtime;metB.alongtime;meetC.alongtime;metD.thelongtime;meet

()2.Therecame____greatnoise.Itfrightenedus.

A.theB.aC./D.that

()3.Itis____pleasuretoworkwiththeseworkers.

A.anB./C.aD.this

()4.After____quickbreakfastIhurriedto____school.

A./;/B.a;/C.the;theD.the;/

6.

()1.Thisis____egg.____eggisbig.

A.a;AB.an;AnC.a;TheD.an;The

()2.Thereis___“m”in___word"map".

A.a;anB.an;aC.an;theD.a;the

()3.Hereis______basket.___basketismine.

A.a;TheB.the;AnC.a;AD.the;A

()4.Thereis____bridgeoverthere.____bridgeismadeofwood.

A.the;TheB.a;AC.the;AD.a;The

()5.Heordered____booksometimeagoandnow____bookhasarrived.

A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;the

7.

()1.Shesaw____EnglishfilmlastSunday.Butshecannotremember     nameof___film.

A.an;a;aB.a;the;aC.an;the;aD.an;the;the

()2.Thereis___oldmanunder___tree.

A.an;theB.the;aC.a;theD.an;/

()3.----Whatwas___yesterday?

----November24.

A.dateB.thedateC.dayD.theday

()4.Weshallvisityourcountryin____comingyear.

A.aB.theC.oneD.that

()5.Motherdoesmostof___athome.

A.cleaningB.acleanC.thecleaningD.clean

8.

()1.----Whoseroomisthat?

-----It's___.

A.thetwins'B.ofLucyandLilyC.ofthetwinsD.thetwins

()2.I'mbusy____.

A.atthemomentB.atthatmomentC.inamomentD.justamoment

()3.____bookisveryuseful.Iboughtitfrom____unknownlittletown.

A.A;aB.The;aC.A;anD.The;an

()4.Englishis____interestingsubjectformostof________students.

A.the;anB.the;theC.an;/D.an;the

()5.___girlin___GradeThreeis___tallestinourschool.

A.The;the;theB.A;a;aC.The;/;theD.A;/;a

9.

()1.MrWhiteliveson___floor.

A.thefifteenB.fifteenC.thefifteenthD.fifteenth

()2.AboynamedDingWeikickedagoalearly____ofthematch.

A.intheonehalfB.inthefirsthalfC.forthefirsthalfD.forhalfone

()3.Hehastriedtwice,andthecaptainaskshimtohave____thirdtry.

A.theB.aC.anotherD.other

()4.Chinaisoneof___oldestcountriesin___world.

A.the;theB.the;/C.a;aD.an;the

()5.Maryis____onlygirlwhohasbeentoAmerican.

A.aB.theC.anD./

10.

()1.Wecansee___sunand___moonin___picture.

A.a;the;theB.the;a;theC.a;the;aD.the;the;the

()2.____moonmovesaround____earth,andtheybotharesmallerthan      sun.

A.The;an;aB.A;the;theC./;/;/D.The;the;the

()3.Parisis___capitalofFrance.

A.aB./C.oneD.the

11.

()1.____Brownsarrivedthereyesterdayevening.

A./B.AC.TheD.An

()2.Whynotaskyourfathertodraw____mapforyouifyouwanttogetto___Alice'shouseeasily?

A.a;anB./;anC.the;aD.a;/

()3.____Brownsaresittingat____breakfasttable.

A./;aB.The;/C.The;theD./;the

()4.___Turnerscouldnotpayfor___colourTVset.

A.The;aB./;theC./;aD.The;/

()5.Theywentto______Smiths'andstayedthereforhalf____hour.

A./;anB.the;aC.a;theD.the;an

12.

()1.Cottonisgrownin____China.

A.northB.thenorthofC.thenorthD.anorth

()2.It's____pleasuretosee____sunrisingin____east.

A./;the;/B.a;/;/C.a;the;theD./;the;the

()3.Mostofusarefrom____.

A.thesouthB.southC.thesouthernD.southern

()4.___UnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.

A.AnB.AC.TheD./

13.

()1.IHelikesplaying___piano,hedoesn'tlikeplaying____football.

A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/

()2.Tomenjoysplaying____footballwhileIenjoyplaying____pianoverymuch.

A.the;theB.a;aC./;theD.the;/

()3.Yesterdayhismotherbought____pianoand___basketballinthatbigshop.

A.the;a  B.a;aC./;/D.some;two

14.

()1.____night,astranger

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