上海民办明珠中学阅读理解中考英语专项训练含答案解析.docx

上海民办明珠中学阅读理解中考英语专项训练含答案解析.docx

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上海民办明珠中学阅读理解中考英语专项训练含答案解析

上海民办明珠中学阅读理解中考英语专项训练含答案解析

一、中考英语阅读理解汇编

1．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

HowMuchCanWeAffordtoForget?

   In2018,Sciencemagazineaskedsomeyoungscientistswhatschoolsshouldteachstudents.Mostsaidstudentsshouldspendlesstimememorizingfactsandhavemorespaceforcreativeactivities.AstheInternetgrowsmorepowerful,studentscanaccess（获得）knowledgeeasily.Whyshouldtheyberequiredtocarrysomuchofitaroundintheirheads?

   Civilizations（文明）developthroughforgettinglifeskillsthatwereoncenecessary.IntheAgricultural（农业的）Age,afarmercouldaffordtoforgethuntingskills.Whensocietiesindustrialized,theknowledgeoffarmingcouldbesafetoforget.Nowadays,smartmachinesgiveusaccesstomosthumanknowledge.Itseemsthatwenolongerneedtoremembermostthings.Doesitmatter?

   Researchershaverecognizedseveralproblemsthatmayhappen.Forone,humanbeingshavebiases（偏见）,andsmartmachinesarelikelytoincreaseourbiases.Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective,butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.

   Anotherproblemrelatestotheeaseofaccessinginformation.Whentherewerenocomputers,effortswererequiredtogetknowledgefromotherpeople,orgotothelibrary.Weknowwhatknowledgeliesinotherbrainsorbooks,andwhatliesinourheads.Buttoday,theInternetgivesustheinformationweneedquickly.Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief—theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong.

   Inanewcivilizationrichinmachineintelligence,wehaveeasyaccesstosmartmemorynetworkswhereinformationisstored.Butdependencyonanetworksuggestspossibilitiesofbeingharmedeasily.Thecollapseofanyofthenetworksofrelationsourwell-being（健康）dependsupon,suchasfoodandenergy,wouldproduceterribleresults.Withoutfoodwegethungry;withoutenergywefeelcold.Anditisthroughwidespreadlossofmemorythatcivilizationsareatriskoffallingintoadarkage.

   Weforgetoldwaystofreeuptimeandspacefornewskills.Aslongastheolderformsofknowledgearestoredsomewhereinournetworks,andcanbefoundwhenweneedthem,perhapsthey'renotreallyforgotten.Still,astimegoeson,wegraduallybutunquestionablybecomestrangerstofuturepeople.

（1）Whyaresmartmachineslikelytoincreaseourbiases?

A. Becausetheygooffcourseintestingandscoring.

B. Becausewecontrolthetrainingprocessonthem.

C. Becauseweofferthemtoomuchinformation.

D. Becausetheyoverusetheprovidedanswers.

（2）TheeaseofaccessinginformationfromtheInternet________.

A. freesusfrommakingeffortstolearnnewskills

B. preventscivilizationsfrombeinglostatahighspeed

C. misleadsusintothinkingwealreadyknewtheknowledge

D. separatesthefactswehavefromthoseinthesmartmachines

（3）Theword"collapse"inParagraph5probablymeans"________".

A. asuddenfailure                                               

B. thebasicrule

C. adisappointingstart                                       

D. thegradualdevelopment

（4）Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A. Toquestionaboutthestandardsofinformationstorage.

B. Todiscussourproblemsofcommunicationwithmachines.

C. Tostresstheimportanceofimprovingourmemorizingability.

D. Toremindusoftheriskofdependingonmachinestoremember.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】大意：

作者主要讲的是用机器记信息可能会产生的不良影响或后果。

（1）细节题。

根据Manypeoplebelievesmartmachinesarenecessarilycorrectandobjective,butmachinesaretrainedthrougharepeatedtestingandscoringprocess.Intheprocess,humanbeingsstilldecideonthecorrectanswers.机器人的程序是由人类编程的，人类控制它们的训练程序，故选B。

（2）细节题。

根据Thiscanleadtothemistakenbelief—theknowledgewefoundwaspartofwhatweknewallalong.通过互联网知晓信息的便利会误导我们认为我们找到的信息就是我们一直以来都知道的信息的一部分，故选C。

（3）词义猜测题。

根据Thecollapseofanyofthenetworksofrelationsourwell-being（健康）dependsupon,produceterribleresults.可知，此处指我们健康所依靠的网络中的任何一个突然崩溃或垮掉了，都会产生很糟糕的后果。

collapse意为崩溃，垮掉，故选A。

（4）主旨题。

通读全文可知，作者主要讲的是用机器记信息可能会产生的不良影响或后果，故D项符合题意，故选D。

【点评】词义猜测题和主旨题是阅读理解题中常考题型。

词句猜测题需要联系上下文，推出词句的意思；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

2．阅读下列短文，从文后每小题A、B、C选项中选择最佳答案。

   Mr.Chenwaspuzzled（闲惑的）andalittlesuspicious（怀疑的）.Hesatintheofficeandstudiedaletterapparently（看似）fromMrs.Wang,themotherofoneofthepupilsinhisclass.Therewassomethingaboutitwhichworriedhim.

   "Idon'tunderstand,"hesaidtohimself.Heshookhisheadashecircledfourmistakesintheletter."Mrs.Wangisaneducatedwoman.Shewouldn'tmakemistakesliketheseevenifshedidwritetheletterinahurry."Mr.Chentookouthisclassregister（名册）andsaidtohimself,"YesterdaywasThursday.Letmesee.Ah,yes.Ithoughtso.DavidwasabsentonThursdaylastweekandtheweekbefore.Hm.WhyishesooftenabsentonThursdays?

Washereallyillyesterday?

Coulditbeacoincidence（巧合）?

”

   Mr.Chenstaredattheregisterasiftheanswerstohisquestionswerehiddeninitsomewhere.Thenhetookoutacopyofthetimetable（课程表）forhisclass.

   "Iwonder."hetoldtohimself."Iwonderifhisabsencehasanythingtodowithoneoftheselessons."

   Mr.ChenlookedatthesubjectsforThursday:

Mathematics,English,P.E.HethoughtaboutP.E.HeknewthatthepupilshadP.E.twiceaweek:

onceonMonday,whentheyusuallyplayedgamesontheschoolfield,andonceonThursday,whentheydidexercisesinthegym.

   Mr.ChenglancedroundtheofficetofindMr.Long,theratherstrictP.E.teacher,buthewasnotthere.

   "I'dbetterhaveachatwithLongandDavid,"Mr.Chenthought.

Thebellrang."Ican'tdoanythingrightnow,"Mr.Chenthought."It'stimetogotoClass2.I'lldoitlateron."

   Mr.ChenpickeduphisbooksandwalkedofftoteachClass2.

Later,onFriday,Mr.ChenspoketoMr.Long,theP.E.teacher.Mr.LongagreedthatitseemedstrangeforDavidtobeabsentsooftenongymdays.Theythoughtaboutitforawhile.

   "Davidisagoodathlete（运动员）,"Mr.Longfinallysaid,"buthe'safraidofheights.Iwashardonhimoncebecausehewouldn'tclimbmorethanacoupleofmetersuptherope.Doyouthinkthat'swhyhe'sbeenabsentrecently?

"

   "Yes,Ithinkso,"Mr.Chensaid."I'mgoingtotalktohimthisafternoonbeforehegoeshome."

   "Well,I'vegotasuggestiontomake,"saidMr.Long."Ifhe'sscaredofheights,he'dbettercomeandseemeafterschool.Quiteafewpeoplesufferfrom（遭受）vertigo.I'llbegladtohelphim."

   “That'sverykindofyou,"saidMr.Chen."I'llgethimtocomeandseeyouonMondayorTuesday."

（1）TheletterwassenttoMr.ChenbecauseDavid       onThursday.

A. wasflathome               

B. didn'tgotoschool               

C. wasabsentfromP.Eclass

（2）Mr.Chenwaspuzzledbytheletterbecause       .

A. David'smothersenthimtheletter

B. hecouldn'tunderstandtheletter

C. itdidn'tseemtobewrittenbyaneducatedadult

（3）Mr.ChengottheideathatDavid'sabsencehadsomethingtodowithP.E.afterhe      .

A. studiedthetimetable           

B. studiedtheclassregister           

C. talkedwithMr.Long

（4）Theunderlinedword"vertigo"means     inthepassage.

A. 身体疼痛                                  

B. 恐高眩晕                                  

C. 肠胃痉挛

（5）Fromthepassageweknow    .

A. Daviddidn'tlikeP.E.classes

B. Daviddidn'tlikeMr.Long'sbeinghardonhim

C. Davidwasafraidofheights

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

（5）C

【解析】【分析】大意：

陈老师对David妈妈写的请假条感到很疑惑，因为上面有几处语法错误。

陈老师经过调查发现，每周四David就会请假，而那是体育课。

跟David的体育老师交流之后，陈老师觉得David可能恐高，因此请假不上体育课，陈老师决定和David谈谈并帮助他。

（1）细节题。

根据请假条中Davidwasabsentyesterday.David昨天请假。

和第二段YesterdaywasThursday.昨天是周四，可知因为David周四没有去学校，所以妈妈给陈老师写了请假条。

故选B。

（2）推断题。

根据第二段Shewouldn'tmakemistakesliketheseevenifshedidwritetheletterinahurry.她不会犯像这样的错误即使她是匆忙写的信，可知陈老师很疑惑，因为这封信似乎不像是一个受过教育的成人写的。

故选C。

（3）细节题。

根据第三段Thenhetookoutacopyofthetimetable（课程表）forhisclass.然后他拿出了他的班级的课程表复印件，可知，陈老师在研究完课程表之后发现David请假和体育课有关。

故选A。

（4）词义猜测题。

根据上文Ifhe'sscaredofheights,he'dbettercomeandseemeafterschool.如果他害怕高，他最好放学后来找我，可知vertigo指的是恐高。

故选B。

（5）推断题。

通读全文可知，David每周四都请假，因为每周四都有体育课，说明David恐高。

故选C。

【点评】本文涉及细节题、词义猜测题和推断题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；词义猜测题需要联系上下文，理解句子大意，推测出单词的意思；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

3．阅读理解

   ItwasMother'sDay.Johnwassobusywithhisworkthathecouldn'tgobackhome.Whenhepassedbyaflowershopintheevening,anideacametohismind,"I'llsendmomsomeroses（玫瑰）."WhileJohnwaspickinghisflowers,ayoungmanwentinside."HowmanyrosescanIgetforonlyfivedollars,Madam?

"heasked.Theassistant（店员）wastryingtotellhimroseswereasexpensiveasfortydollarsadozen（一打）.Maybehewouldbehappywithcarnations（康乃馨）.

   "No,Ihavetohaveredroses,"hesaid."MymomwasbadlyilllastyearandIdidn'tgettospendmuchtimewithher.NowIwanttogetsomethingspecial,ithastoberoses,forrosesareherfavorite."

   Afterhearingit,Johnsaidhewouldpaytherestofthemoneyfortheyoungman.Movedbybothofthem,theassistantsaid,"Well,lovelyyoungmen,thirtydollarsadozen,onlyforyou."Takingtheroses,theyoungmanalmostjumpedintotheairandranoutoftheshop.Itwaswellworthtwenty-fivedollarsthatJohnpaidtoseetheexcitingmoment.ThenJohnpaidforhisdozenofrosesandtoldtheassistanttosendthemtohismother.

   Ashewalkedout,hefeltnice.Suddenlyhesawtheyoungmancrossingthestreetandgoingintoapark.ButsoonJohnrealizeditwasnotaparkbutacemetery（墓地）.Crying,theyoungmancarefullyputdownthe