从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素.docx

从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素.docx

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从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素

从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素

　　TheRelationbetweenTranslationandCulturefromtheAspectofIdiomsandtheFactorswhichInfluencetheCulture

　　Acknowledgments

　　ThisthesisconcludesmypostgraduatestudyinHenanNormalUniversity.IwouldliketoexpressmysincereappreciationtotheprofessorsintheCollegeofForeignLanguage,whoseprecisenessandstrictnesssetagoodexampleformeinthefutureacademiccareer.Ifeltgratitudeespeciallygoestomysupervisor,GuoYingzhen,whoseilluminatinginstructionandendlessassistancehavegreatlyconducedtotheaccomplishmentofthisthesis.

　　I’malsoverygratefultotheteacherswhohavetaughtmeinvariouswaysduringthecourseofmystudyforthebachelor’sdegree.EspeciallyIwouldliketothankProfessorGuoYingzhenandotherprofessorsintheFaultyofForeigninstitutionwhoinspiredmealot.

　　Lastbutnotleast,Icontributethisarticletomydearfamilyfortheirhelpduringmycollegelife.

　　摘要

　　翻译是一个复杂的过程,对于文化翻译尤其如此。

一般来说,翻译涉及语言以及文化。

译者应该知道外国文化以及文化自己的人民。

此外,译者应连续比较两种文化之间的等价获得意义。

翻译的主要任务是翻译源语言到目标语言。

如何消除不同文化之间的语言障碍,如何传达源语言的意义的重点到底是不同国家的人。

本文说明了不同文化的影响已经在翻译。

文能从不同的方面分析:

如思维的差异,心理学的文化之间的差异,不同的宗教、环境和生活环境不同的人,等等。

翻译是一个复杂的过程,它是关于文化翻译尤其如此。

一般来说,翻译涉及语言以及文化。

译者应该知道外国文化以及文化自己的人民。

此外,译者应连续比较两种文化之间的等价获得意义。

翻译的主要任务是翻译源语言到目标语言。

如何消除不同文化之间的语言障碍,如何传达源语言的意义。

本文说明了不同文化的影响已经在翻译。

文能从不同的方面分析:

如思维的差异,心理学的文化之间的差异,不同的宗教、环境和生活环境不同的人,等等。

关键字：

翻译,文化意识,文化和思维,文化差别,习语

　　Abstract

　　Translationisacomplexprocess,especiallywhenwetranslatetheculturaltext.Generallyspeaking,translationinvolveslanguageaswellasculture.Atranslatorshouldknowforeigncultureaswellasthecultureofhisownpeople.Moreover,atranslatorshouldmakecontinuouscomparisonsbetweenthetwoculturesforgettingtheequivalencemeaning.ThemajortaskoftranslationistotranslatethesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguageHowtogetridofthelanguagebarrierbetweendifferentculture,howtoconveythemeaningofthesourcelanguageexactlyisthefocusofthepeopleindifferentcountries.Thisthesisillustratetheinfluencesofdifferentcultureshaveupontranslation.Wencananalysisitfromdifferentaspects:

suchasthedifferenceofthinking,thepsychologyofculture,thedifferencebetweendifferentreligion,theenvironmentandlivingsurroundingsofdifferentpeople,andsoon.

　　KeyWords:

translation;theconsciousnessofculture;cultureandthinking;culturaldifference;idioms

　　TableofContents

　　AcknowledgmentsI

　　摘要II

　　AbstractIII

　　TableofContentsIV

　　Introduction1

　　PARTONETHECONCEPTOFTRANSLATIONANDCULTURE2

　　1.1Theconceptoftranslation3

　　1.2Theconceptofculture5

　　PARTTWOTHEFACTORSWHICHINFLUENCECULTURE7

　　2.1Religion7

　　2.2Thepsychologyofculture8

　　2.3Thewayofthinking9

　　2.4differentwaysoflife10

　　2.5Geographicalenvironment14

　　2.6Geographicalenvironment15

　　PARTTHREEBETWEENCULTUREANDTRANSLATION16

　　CONSLUSIONS18

　　Bibliography19

　　Introduction

　　Thisarticlecontainstheconceptoftranslationandtheconceptofculture.Theaimoftranslationistomakingcommunication.Human’ssocialdevelopmentandprocessneedtranslationandhuman’ssocialdevelopmentandprogressshouldmakecommunicationbetweendifferentnations,andduringtheprocessofcommunication,translationisindispensable.Translation,asanculturalphenomenon,thinkingactivity,relatedtotheeraandsocialbackgroundallinall.Translationistorenderthemeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaytheauthorintendedthetext.Translationisanartthatinvolvesthere-creationofaworkinanotherlanguageforreaderswithadifferentbackground.Cultureisaverybroadconcept,togiveitarigorousandprecisedefinitionisaverydifficultthing.Manyphilosophers,sociologists,anthropologists,historiansandlinguistshavebeentryingtodefinetheconceptofculturefromtheperspectiveoftherespectivediscipline.However,sofaritstillhasnothavearecognizedandsatisfactorydefinition.Accordingtostatistics,about"culture"atleast,ithasmorethantwohundredkindsofdifferentdefinition.Broadlyspeaking,cultureisasocialphenomenon,whichisthecreationoftheproductsforalongtime.Butitisalsoakindofhistoricalphenomenonandisthesocialhistoryremains.Rather,culturereferstoastateornationalhistory,geography,localconditionsandcustoms,traditions,lifestyles,literatureandart,behaviorstandards,wayofthinking,values,etc.Whenwetranslatesomething,thebackgroundofthecultureandthebackgroundofhistoryshouldbeconsidered.Therelationbetweencultureandtranslationisverycloseinagreatextent.Inthiscontext,weanalysisthisproblemfromdifferentaspects:

thewayofthinking,thepsychologyofthinking,andthecustomsandhabitsindifferentnations.Ifthebackgroundofcultureandhistoryisignored,thetrulymeaningofthecontextwillbelost.

　　PARTONETHECONCEPTOFTRANSLATIONANDCULTURE

　　OnelinguistinChinahassaid:

“whatisthemostdifficultthingduringtheprocessoftranslation,itisthedifferencesbetweentwocultures.”Nidahasmentionedthistoo:

“translationisthecommunicationbetweentwodifferentcultures.”Andwecannotignoretheimportanceofthebackgroundofcultureandthebackgroundofhistoryifwewanttotranslateapieceoftextwhichcontainstheinformationaboutcultureorsomethingelse.Whentranslatingsomething,masteringtheknowledgeofcultureandhistoryisindispensable.Therearetoomuchfactorswhichcaninfluencethecultureofthesourcelanguage.

　　ZhuGuangqian,onewriterinmoderntimes,thinkstheassociatemeaningisthemostdifficultthingwhenwetranslateonelanguageintoanotherlanguage.Becauseinthedictionaryyoucannotfindthetrulymeaningunderacertaincontext.

　　Butforliterarystudy,itisoneimportantfactoryoucannotignore.Thisrequiresustoknowthecustomandhabitofthecountrywewanttotranslatethelanguageofit.Orwewillfindwedonotknowhowtotranslatewhenwearegivenapieceoftext.Wecantakeapoemasanexample.Forexamplethepoem:

　　《静夜思》“窗前明月光，疑是地上霜。

举头望明月。

低头思故乡。

”

　　UsingEnglish,wecannotconveytheessenceofthispoemwithoutthebackgroundofoldChineseandthethoughtwhentheauthorwritethispoem.Andtherearesomanyversionsofit.Forinstance:

（1）Inthestillofthenight:

Idescrybrightmoonlightinfrontofmybed.Isuspectittobehoaryfrostonthefloor.Iwatchthebrightmoon,asItilebackmyhead.Yearn,whilestooping,formyhomelandmore.

（2）Atranquilnight:

beforemybedIseeasilverlight,Ithinkthegroundiscoveredwithhoarfrost.Raisingmyhead,Ifindthefullmoonbright;andbowingdown,inthoughtofhomeI’mlost.Andtherearelotsofotherversionstranslatedbyothertranslators.Nomatterwhichversion,theemotionoftheauthormustbeconsidered,ortheywillruintheessenceofthepoem.Tyler,oneanthropologistinEngland,whosebookprimitivecultureraisestheconceptofcultureanddescribesitas“cultureisakindofcomplexabilitiesandhabits,whichincludesknowledge,faith,art,moral,lawandcustom”.Thuswecanknowthewidecoverageofculture,itisacomplexsystem.Language,asacomponentofculture,reflectthephenomenonofaresourcefulculture.

　　Translationissodifficultaslanguagereflecttheculture,whichconveystomuchculturalcontentandlimitedbyculture.Oncelanguageenteredthehuman’slifeasatoolofcommunication,theproblemofculturalconnotationandtheabilityofexpresssomethingwillarise.Thisnotonlyrequiresthetranslatormastertheknowledgeofbilingualabilitybutmultilingualability,especiallytheymustknowtheconsciousnessoftwodifferentculture,religiouscultureandthegeographicfeatures,thehistoricalcustomsandtraditions,theprocessofformingculture,etc.Forthesefactors,thelanguageculturesofdifferentnationsreflecttheirownnationalfeaturesandthebackgroundofthenation.

　　1.1Theconceptoftranslation

　　Therearemanydifferentdefinitionsoftranslation,inTheOxfordEnglishDictionaryitmeans“toturnfromonelanguageintoanother”.Orrecreatingaccordingtheoriginaltext.Webster’sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagegivesusthedefinitionoftranslationis“toturnintoone’sownoranotherlanguage”.WhilethedefinitioninColumbiaEncyclopediaisthattranslationistheartofrecomposingaworkinanotherlanguagewithoutlosingitsoriginalflavor.“Translationisthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguagebyequivalenttextualinanotherlanguage.（J.C.Catford,1994）”.“Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.（EugeneNida,1969）”.Translationisanoldandyoungwork,whichcomeintoexistsincetheoldtimesanditbecomessohotinmoderntimes.

　　Translationistheneedofhuman’sdevelopmentandprogress.Theconceptoftranslationcanbedefinedfromtwoaspects:

broadsenseandnarrowsense.Generalizedtranslationreferstothelanguageandthelanguage,languagevariationandlanguagevariants,suchaslanguageandnonverbalcodeconversionwhichconveythebasicinformation.Extensionoftheconceptisquitebroad,includinghistranslationbetweendifferentlanguages,translationbetweenlanguagevariation,languageandothersymbolsofthecommunicationconversion,etc.Thecontentsoftranslationrulesonlyemphasizesthe"basicinformation",doesnotemphasize"completelyloyal".Sometranslationtheoristsputforwardtheunderstandingandtranslationtheory,sothelanguageandthinkingar