从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素.docx
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从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素
从习语中看翻译和文化的关系以及影响文化的因素
TheRelationbetweenTranslationandCulturefromtheAspectofIdiomsandtheFactorswhichInfluencetheCulture
Acknowledgments
ThisthesisconcludesmypostgraduatestudyinHenanNormalUniversity.IwouldliketoexpressmysincereappreciationtotheprofessorsintheCollegeofForeignLanguage,whoseprecisenessandstrictnesssetagoodexampleformeinthefutureacademiccareer.Ifeltgratitudeespeciallygoestomysupervisor,GuoYingzhen,whoseilluminatinginstructionandendlessassistancehavegreatlyconducedtotheaccomplishmentofthisthesis.
I’malsoverygratefultotheteacherswhohavetaughtmeinvariouswaysduringthecourseofmystudyforthebachelor’sdegree.EspeciallyIwouldliketothankProfessorGuoYingzhenandotherprofessorsintheFaultyofForeigninstitutionwhoinspiredmealot.
Lastbutnotleast,Icontributethisarticletomydearfamilyfortheirhelpduringmycollegelife.
摘要
翻译是一个复杂的过程,对于文化翻译尤其如此。
一般来说,翻译涉及语言以及文化。
译者应该知道外国文化以及文化自己的人民。
此外,译者应连续比较两种文化之间的等价获得意义。
翻译的主要任务是翻译源语言到目标语言。
如何消除不同文化之间的语言障碍,如何传达源语言的意义的重点到底是不同国家的人。
本文说明了不同文化的影响已经在翻译。
文能从不同的方面分析:
如思维的差异,心理学的文化之间的差异,不同的宗教、环境和生活环境不同的人,等等。
翻译是一个复杂的过程,它是关于文化翻译尤其如此。
一般来说,翻译涉及语言以及文化。
译者应该知道外国文化以及文化自己的人民。
此外,译者应连续比较两种文化之间的等价获得意义。
翻译的主要任务是翻译源语言到目标语言。
如何消除不同文化之间的语言障碍,如何传达源语言的意义。
本文说明了不同文化的影响已经在翻译。
文能从不同的方面分析:
如思维的差异,心理学的文化之间的差异,不同的宗教、环境和生活环境不同的人,等等。
关键字:
翻译,文化意识,文化和思维,文化差别,习语
Abstract
Translationisacomplexprocess,especiallywhenwetranslatetheculturaltext.Generallyspeaking,translationinvolveslanguageaswellasculture.Atranslatorshouldknowforeigncultureaswellasthecultureofhisownpeople.Moreover,atranslatorshouldmakecontinuouscomparisonsbetweenthetwoculturesforgettingtheequivalencemeaning.ThemajortaskoftranslationistotranslatethesourcelanguagetothetargetlanguageHowtogetridofthelanguagebarrierbetweendifferentculture,howtoconveythemeaningofthesourcelanguageexactlyisthefocusofthepeopleindifferentcountries.Thisthesisillustratetheinfluencesofdifferentcultureshaveupontranslation.Wencananalysisitfromdifferentaspects:
suchasthedifferenceofthinking,thepsychologyofculture,thedifferencebetweendifferentreligion,theenvironmentandlivingsurroundingsofdifferentpeople,andsoon.
KeyWords:
translation;theconsciousnessofculture;cultureandthinking;culturaldifference;idioms
TableofContents
AcknowledgmentsI
摘要II
AbstractIII
TableofContentsIV
Introduction1
PARTONETHECONCEPTOFTRANSLATIONANDCULTURE2
1.1Theconceptoftranslation3
1.2Theconceptofculture5
PARTTWOTHEFACTORSWHICHINFLUENCECULTURE7
2.1Religion7
2.2Thepsychologyofculture8
2.3Thewayofthinking9
2.4differentwaysoflife10
2.5Geographicalenvironment14
2.6Geographicalenvironment15
PARTTHREEBETWEENCULTUREANDTRANSLATION16
CONSLUSIONS18
Bibliography19
Introduction
Thisarticlecontainstheconceptoftranslationandtheconceptofculture.Theaimoftranslationistomakingcommunication.Human’ssocialdevelopmentandprocessneedtranslationandhuman’ssocialdevelopmentandprogressshouldmakecommunicationbetweendifferentnations,andduringtheprocessofcommunication,translationisindispensable.Translation,asanculturalphenomenon,thinkingactivity,relatedtotheeraandsocialbackgroundallinall.Translationistorenderthemeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaytheauthorintendedthetext.Translationisanartthatinvolvesthere-creationofaworkinanotherlanguageforreaderswithadifferentbackground.Cultureisaverybroadconcept,togiveitarigorousandprecisedefinitionisaverydifficultthing.Manyphilosophers,sociologists,anthropologists,historiansandlinguistshavebeentryingtodefinetheconceptofculturefromtheperspectiveoftherespectivediscipline.However,sofaritstillhasnothavearecognizedandsatisfactorydefinition.Accordingtostatistics,about"culture"atleast,ithasmorethantwohundredkindsofdifferentdefinition.Broadlyspeaking,cultureisasocialphenomenon,whichisthecreationoftheproductsforalongtime.Butitisalsoakindofhistoricalphenomenonandisthesocialhistoryremains.Rather,culturereferstoastateornationalhistory,geography,localconditionsandcustoms,traditions,lifestyles,literatureandart,behaviorstandards,wayofthinking,values,etc.Whenwetranslatesomething,thebackgroundofthecultureandthebackgroundofhistoryshouldbeconsidered.Therelationbetweencultureandtranslationisverycloseinagreatextent.Inthiscontext,weanalysisthisproblemfromdifferentaspects:
thewayofthinking,thepsychologyofthinking,andthecustomsandhabitsindifferentnations.Ifthebackgroundofcultureandhistoryisignored,thetrulymeaningofthecontextwillbelost.
PARTONETHECONCEPTOFTRANSLATIONANDCULTURE
OnelinguistinChinahassaid:
“whatisthemostdifficultthingduringtheprocessoftranslation,itisthedifferencesbetweentwocultures.”Nidahasmentionedthistoo:
“translationisthecommunicationbetweentwodifferentcultures.”Andwecannotignoretheimportanceofthebackgroundofcultureandthebackgroundofhistoryifwewanttotranslateapieceoftextwhichcontainstheinformationaboutcultureorsomethingelse.Whentranslatingsomething,masteringtheknowledgeofcultureandhistoryisindispensable.Therearetoomuchfactorswhichcaninfluencethecultureofthesourcelanguage.
ZhuGuangqian,onewriterinmoderntimes,thinkstheassociatemeaningisthemostdifficultthingwhenwetranslateonelanguageintoanotherlanguage.Becauseinthedictionaryyoucannotfindthetrulymeaningunderacertaincontext.
Butforliterarystudy,itisoneimportantfactoryoucannotignore.Thisrequiresustoknowthecustomandhabitofthecountrywewanttotranslatethelanguageofit.Orwewillfindwedonotknowhowtotranslatewhenwearegivenapieceoftext.Wecantakeapoemasanexample.Forexamplethepoem:
《静夜思》“窗前明月光,疑是地上霜。
举头望明月。
低头思故乡。
”
UsingEnglish,wecannotconveytheessenceofthispoemwithoutthebackgroundofoldChineseandthethoughtwhentheauthorwritethispoem.Andtherearesomanyversionsofit.Forinstance:
(1)Inthestillofthenight:
Idescrybrightmoonlightinfrontofmybed.Isuspectittobehoaryfrostonthefloor.Iwatchthebrightmoon,asItilebackmyhead.Yearn,whilestooping,formyhomelandmore.
(2)Atranquilnight:
beforemybedIseeasilverlight,Ithinkthegroundiscoveredwithhoarfrost.Raisingmyhead,Ifindthefullmoonbright;andbowingdown,inthoughtofhomeI’mlost.Andtherearelotsofotherversionstranslatedbyothertranslators.Nomatterwhichversion,theemotionoftheauthormustbeconsidered,ortheywillruintheessenceofthepoem.Tyler,oneanthropologistinEngland,whosebookprimitivecultureraisestheconceptofcultureanddescribesitas“cultureisakindofcomplexabilitiesandhabits,whichincludesknowledge,faith,art,moral,lawandcustom”.Thuswecanknowthewidecoverageofculture,itisacomplexsystem.Language,asacomponentofculture,reflectthephenomenonofaresourcefulculture.
Translationissodifficultaslanguagereflecttheculture,whichconveystomuchculturalcontentandlimitedbyculture.Oncelanguageenteredthehuman’slifeasatoolofcommunication,theproblemofculturalconnotationandtheabilityofexpresssomethingwillarise.Thisnotonlyrequiresthetranslatormastertheknowledgeofbilingualabilitybutmultilingualability,especiallytheymustknowtheconsciousnessoftwodifferentculture,religiouscultureandthegeographicfeatures,thehistoricalcustomsandtraditions,theprocessofformingculture,etc.Forthesefactors,thelanguageculturesofdifferentnationsreflecttheirownnationalfeaturesandthebackgroundofthenation.
1.1Theconceptoftranslation
Therearemanydifferentdefinitionsoftranslation,inTheOxfordEnglishDictionaryitmeans“toturnfromonelanguageintoanother”.Orrecreatingaccordingtheoriginaltext.Webster’sThirdNewInternationalDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagegivesusthedefinitionoftranslationis“toturnintoone’sownoranotherlanguage”.WhilethedefinitioninColumbiaEncyclopediaisthattranslationistheartofrecomposingaworkinanotherlanguagewithoutlosingitsoriginalflavor.“Translationisthereplacementoftextualmaterialinonelanguagebyequivalenttextualinanotherlanguage.(J.C.Catford,1994)”.“Translationconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.(EugeneNida,1969)”.Translationisanoldandyoungwork,whichcomeintoexistsincetheoldtimesanditbecomessohotinmoderntimes.
Translationistheneedofhuman’sdevelopmentandprogress.Theconceptoftranslationcanbedefinedfromtwoaspects:
broadsenseandnarrowsense.Generalizedtranslationreferstothelanguageandthelanguage,languagevariationandlanguagevariants,suchaslanguageandnonverbalcodeconversionwhichconveythebasicinformation.Extensionoftheconceptisquitebroad,includinghistranslationbetweendifferentlanguages,translationbetweenlanguagevariation,languageandothersymbolsofthecommunicationconversion,etc.Thecontentsoftranslationrulesonlyemphasizesthe"basicinformation",doesnotemphasize"completelyloyal".Sometranslationtheoristsputforwardtheunderstandingandtranslationtheory,sothelanguageandthinkingar