学年河北省深州市中学高一下学期期末考试英语试题解析版.docx
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学年河北省深州市中学高一下学期期末考试英语试题解析版
2017-2018学年河北省深州市中学高一下学期期末
英语
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第I卷(选择题)
一、阅读理解
A
Weallknowthenamesofcertainfamousmaleinventorsthroughouthistory,fromGalileotoAlexanderGrahamBelltoSteveJobs.Doyouknowtheoutstandingladieslistedbelow?
MargaretKnight(1838-1914)
MargaretKnightwasnicknamed“theladyEdison’’forherproductiveinventionswhichincludedasafetydevicefortextilelooms,shoemanufacturingmachines,arotaryengineandinternalcombustionengine(内燃机),amongmanyothers.Knightreceived27patentsinherlifetime.
JosephineCochran(1839-1913)
Cochrane,awealthywomanwhoentertainedoften,wantedamachinethatcouldwashdishesfasterthanherservants,andwithoutbreakingthem.Whenshecouldn’tfindone,shebuiltthefirstdishwasherherselfin1886.Shereceivedapatentforherfamousinventionandstartedacompanytosellherinventiontorestaurantsandhotels.
KatharineBurrBlodgett(1898-1979)
KatharineBlodgettwasthefirstwomantoreceiveaPh.DinphysicsatEngland’sCambridgeUniversityandthefirstwomanhiredbyGeneralElectric.Hermostinfluentialinventionwasnon-reflectiveglass,whichtodayisstillessentialforeyeglasses,carwindshieldsandcomputerscreens.
StephanieKwolek(1923-2014)
In1965,StephanieKwolekcreatedanunusuallylightweightanddurablenewfiberwhichwaslaterdevelopedbyachemicalcompanyDuPontintothesyntheticKevlar(凯夫拉尔纤维),usedineverythingfrommilitaryhelmetsandbulletproofveststowork-gloves,sportsequipment,andbuildingmaterials.KwolekwasawardedtheNationalMedalofTechnologyforherresearchonsyntheticfibersandwasadmittedintotheNationalInventorsHallofFamein1994.
1.WhatdidCochraneinventthedishwasherfor?
A.Tomakeafortune.B.Toentertainmoreguests.
C.Toreceiveapatent.D.Towashdishesmoreeffectively.
2.Whocontributedalottomilitaryneeds?
A.StephanieKwolekB.JosephineCochran
C.MargaretKnightD.KatharineBurrBlodgett
3.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Totellussomeimportantinventions.
B.Torecommendfouroutstandingscientists.
C.Tointroducefourexcellentwomeninventors.
D.Tocomparefemaleinventorswithmaleinventors.
B
Istoodinanoisygroupofsixthgradestudents,waitingfortheanswertoourburningquestion:
WhattypeofcrazytiewouldMr.Millerbewearingtoday?
OurteacherwalkedaroundthecomerwithaGREENELEPHANTTIEthatmatchedhislargeelephantcoffeecup!
Oh,thesatisfactioninouryounghearts—agreenelephanttie!
Withhisglassesatthetipofhisnose,hegreeteduscheerfully,“Goodmorning,folks!
”Hewasstrangeanduniqueandhebrightenedeverydayforus.HewasthemostdynamicteacherIhadevermet.
Ilovedmusic,soIrememberhowexcitedIwaswhenhesaidhewasgoingtogiveusmusiclessons.Butwhenheturnedonthemusic,myclassmatesandIslowlyturnedourheadstowardthesoundof…FeterPaulandMarysinging“IfIHadaHammer”.
Snickers(窃笑)filledtheroom.Ifitwasn’traporhiphop,wedidn’trecognizeit.Whatwerethesepeoplesingingabout?
Myclassmateswerenotintothisatall.Butforme,agirlof12,itwasadiscovery.Anawakening.
Twentyyearspassedandnowtherearefortylittleeyesstaringatmywildmusical-noteshirtsasIgreetthemwithajoyful,“Goodmorning,class!
”IwonderifmystudentswaitandwonderwhatcrazymusicclothesIwillweareachday.
Iglanceatmy2015TeacheroftheYearAward,whichIreceivedforbeingadynamicteacherAndIsmiletomyself,wonderingwhichchildinfrontofmewillcarrythison-asI’vecarriedonthelegacy(遗产)ofMr.Miller.
Oneteacher,whodaredtobedifferentandopennewworldstokidslikeme,threwthesignificantstoneintothepondofmylife.Ipraytheripples(涟漪)neverend.
4.WhatcanweinferaboutMr.Miller?
A.Hewasananimalprotector.B.Hedidn’ttakehisworkseriously.
C.Heoftendressedupinanunusualway.D.Heoftenaskedhisstudentsburningquestions.
5.Howdidtheauthorreacttothesong“IfIHadaHammer”?
A.Puzzled.B.Disappointed.
C.Uninterested.D.Excited.
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthetextreferto?
A.Akindheart.B.Thesmile.
C.Agiftformusic.D.Theloveforteaching.
7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthistext?
A.Toproveherloveformusic.
B.Toshowateacher’seffectonher.
C.Tocallonstudentstotakeupteaching.
D.Toshareherexperienceinmusiclearning.
C
Angeritselfisneithergoodnorbad.It’swhatwedowhenwe’reangrythatmatters.Angerisatoolthathelpsustoreadandrespondtothesocialsituationsthatbotherus.Buthowcanwekeepitundercontrol?
It’snormaltothinkthatgettingangryisbadandmanytimeswepunishourselvesfordoingso.Butcontrarytopopularbelief,researchindicatesthatangerincreasesoptimism,creativityandefficiency.Inaddition,studiessuggestthatangercanleadtomoresuccessfulnegotiationsatwork,aswellasinourpersonallives.
Infact,suppressing(抑制)angercanbeverybadforyourhealth.Inthissense,Dr.ErnestHarburgperformedastudybymonitoringagroupofadultsandtheircapacity(最大容量)foranger.Whathefoundisthatthemenandwomenwhosuppressedtheirangerasaresponsetoanunfairattackhadahigherriskofdevelopingbronchitisorsufferingfromheartattacks,andweremorelikelytodiebeforetheircolleagueswholettheirangersurfacewhentheyfeltbothered.
Whenangerarises,wefeeltheneedtoeitherpreventorputanendtothispowerfulfeelingforthebenefitofourwelfareorthewelfareofthosewecareabout.Butthisactofkindness,mercy,loveorjusticeisn’tbeneficialinthisway.However,it’scertainlyagoodthingtobecautiouswhenangerbeginstosurface.Expressingyourangercanbeappropriatewithcertainpeopleatcertaintimes.Thequestionliesinhowtodoitwithoutlosingcontrol.Thekeytoexpressingyourangerisfindingtheappropriatetoneforexpressingwhatitisthatupsetsyou.Buttoavoidunnecessaryshouting,hitting,orotherviolentreactions,it’sworthtakingamomenttostepbackandthink,eventhoughwemaybeinthemiddleofanargumentwithsomeone.
8.Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkofanger?
A.Itisanimportanttool.B.Itisabadfeelingstate.
C.Itincreasesourhappiness.D.Ithelpsinsocialsituations.
9.WhatdoesDr.EmestHarburg’sstudyimplyaboutanger?
A.Itneedsawayout.B.Itshouldbeavoided.
C.Itcancausesuddendeath.D.Itmustbekeptundercontrol.
10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedowhenwe’reangry?
A.Findoutitscause.B.Pretendtoignoreit.
C.Reacttoitviolently.D.Expressitreasonably.
11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.WaystoControlAngerB.BenefitsofMildAnger
C.ShowingAngerProperlyCountsD.AngerDoesAffectHealth.
D
Grandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheircommunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany.
“Havingnocontactwithgrandchildrenatallcannegativelyimpactgrandparents’health.Thislinkcouldbedeeplyrootedinourevolutionarypastwhenhelpwithchildcarewasimportantforthesurvivalofthehumanspecies,”saidSonjaHilbrand,oneoftheresearchers.
Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparents’ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20-yearperiodwasone-thirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren,comparedwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.
Caregivingwasassociatedwithalongerlifeevenwhenthecarereceiverwasn’tarelative.Halfofallchildlessseniorswhoprovidedsupporttofriendsorneighborslivedforsevenyearsafterthestudybegan,whilenon-helperslivedforfouryearsonaverage.
“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.Caregivingmaybethoughtalsoasanactivitythatkeepscaregiversphysicallyandmentallyactive,”saidProfessorBrunoArpino.
Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteering.“Childrenshouldtakeintoaccounttheirparents’needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare,”hesuggested.
“Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhimself/herself,whatproperamountsofhelpmeans,”Hilbrandsaid,adding,“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity(强度)ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”
12.Whatisthecaregivingstudybasedon?
A.Humanevolutionaryhistory.B.Demandmodernsociety.
C.Socialcontactbetweenrelatives.D.Dataonmanyelderlypeople.
13.InArpino’sopinion,childcare________.
A.issuretokeepoldpeopleawayfromillnesses
B.allowsoldpeopletoliveamoremeaningfullife
C.createsmorejobopportunitiesforoldpeople
D.makessocialactivitiesinaccessibletooldpeople
14.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“takeintoaccount”inParagraph6probablymean?
A.Consider.B.Ignore.
C.Favor.D.Limit.
15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?
A.Grandparentscandoanythingintheirowninterests.
B.Grandparentsshouldsharemoresocialresponsibilities.
C.Properamountsofchildcaredogoodtograndparents.
D.Caregivingguaranteesev