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SAT考试语法题命题思路及解题思路精品推荐
SAT考试语法题命题思路及解题思路
IdentifyingSentenceErrors
一、主谓一致
1.就前原则
(1)N1ofN2verb(SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关,与N2无关)
如:
agroupofstudentsare thedetailsoftheproblemsare
例:
Thebright(A)fiberglasssculpturesofLuisJimenezhasreceived(B)criticalacclaimnotonly(C)inhishomestate,NewMexico,butalsoin(D)NewYork.
Noerror(E).
(2)名词1+介词+名词2 如:
studentsintheclassroom
名词,插入语,verb
名词+doing/done 如:
studentsstudyinghard
例:
Flintsfoundin(A)theregionextendingfromtheNileValleyto(B)thehighlandsofeasternIraqatteststo(C)thepresenceofpeoplethereaslongagoas(D)onehundredthousandyears.
Noerror(E).
2.“欲擒故纵”法
动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则,如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时,用“欲擒故纵”法。
3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法
(1) anumberof 一些;一般情况下其后动词用复数,(不受任何规律限制);
thenumberof …的数量;其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。
量词考点:
agroup/list/lineof 使用“就前原则”
(2)倒装结构:
就后原则。
如:
herecomesthebus
a.地点状语+动词+主语
b.Only置于句首的倒装
例:
Inthefoothillsofthatlargemountainrangeis(A)thesourcesofariverwhosecourse(B)wasnotfullymapped(C)until(D)thiscentury.
Noerror(E).
例:
Airpollutioncausedbyindustrialfumeshasbeenstudied(A)foryears,but(B)onlyrecentlyhas(C)theharmfuleffectsofnoisepollutionbecome(D)known.
Noerror(E).
4.名词
集合名词:
family,group,stuff,team,community,这些词作主语谓语的单复数取决于该名词是指整体,还是整体中的各个成员,如果是指后者就用复数谓语动词。
people,cattle,police:
其后的谓语动词用复数
以s结尾的词:
means,species,news
以cs结尾的词:
physics,mathematics,不表示复数,是单数。
以us结尾的词:
octopus(章鱼),platypus(鸭嘴兽),-saurus(恐龙)
考点:
名词的单复数
二、平行结构
(1)名词,名词,and名词
例:
EachtimeCarolineturnsonhercomputer,shehas(A)toenteracompanycode,thenherinitials,andthenentersapassword(B)before(C)shecanbeginworking(D).
Noerror(E).
例:
Ofthehundredsofwarm-watercoralspecies,onlyafew(A)arehighlyprized(B)foruseinjewelrybecauseoftheir(C)beauty,luster,andtheyarehard(D).
Noerror(E).
(2)两者之间的平行
如:
notonly…,butalso…
neither…,nor…
either…,or…
…and/but….
例:
Thelaborunionisnegotiating(A)acontractwiththehospitalthat(B)willsatisfy(C)thedemandsoftheworkersandbeacceptableto(D)alllevelsofmanagement.
Noerror(E).
(3)句子的平行
考点:
同类比较
特点:
-er,more,than,as,like,unlike,compareto/with.
如:
ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.
所有格和所有格之间比较时,第二个所有格是不能省略的,需要补充thatof/thoseof/’s。
三、形容词和副词
adj.+n./pron.adv.+v./adj./adv.
如:
Ifindthebookeasy. Ifindthebookeasily.
例:
Althoughcanoeingthrough(A)therapidswasexciting,itwas(B)alsoexhausting,andwewerehappyforatimetohavethecanoefloatserene(C) down(D)asmoothstretchoftheriver.
Noerror(E).
笔记:
serene平静的;serenely平静地
如:
快速的发展中的国家rapidlydevelopingcountry
例:
Theresearchstudyreveals(A)startlingproofofaconstant(B)changingseafloorthatcomprises(C)themajorpartof(D)theunderwaterlandscape.Noerror(E).
例:
Justhow(A)criticalanimprovedbalanceoftradeisto(B)ahealthyeconomyhasneverbeen(C)moreclearer(D)thanitisnow.
Noerror(E).
四、逻辑主语
(1)Doing/done… ,SVO.
如:
Beatenblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.
Beatingblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.
例:
Contrastingwith(A)mostother(B)fifteenth-centuryrulers,PortugueseKingscouldcounton(C)thesupportofthearistocracyinany(D)overseasventures.
Noerror(E)
例:
Raisedinalargeandnoisycity,itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe.
(A)itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe
(B)whenIwentawaytocollegeIthenrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe
(C)goingawaytocollegemademerealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe
(D)IdidnotrealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbeuntilIwentawaytocollege
(E)delightfullifeinasmalltownwasunrealizedbymeuntilIwentawaytocollege
例:
WhileworkingasanurseinthestreetsofCalcutta,thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor.
(A)thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor
(B)MotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor
(C)thenthedevelopmentofMotherTeresa’sprofoundloveforthepoortookplace
(D)MotherTeresa’sprofoundloveforthepoordeveloped
(E)aprofoundloveforthepoordevelopedinMotherTeresa
例:
Havingthoughttheproblemthroughwithsomecare,thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely.
(A)thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely
(B)thechairperson’sextremelyfrustrationresultedfromthecommitteenotunderstandinghersolution
(C)thechairperson’sfrustrationatthecommittee’sfailingtounderstandhersolutionwasextreme
(D)thechairpersonwasextremelyfrustratedbythecommittee’sfailuretounderstandhersolution
(E)thecommittee’sfailingtounderstandhersolutionwasanextremefrustrationtothechairperson
while/when/by/on/throughDoing/done… ,SVO.
例:
BysimplyenteringanInternetwebsiteorcallingatoll-freenumber,acatalogordercanbeplacedforalmostanythingfromcheesecakestofullyequippeddesktopcomputers.
(A)acatalogordercanbeplaced
(B)byplacingacatalogorder
(C)theywillplaceyourcatalogorder
(D)youcanplaceacatalogorder
(E)yourcatalogordercanbeplaced
例:
Indicatingtheirdesiretoextendfreeenterprise, Canadianselectedamemberof
theProgressiveConservativeParty,KimCampbell,asPrimeMinisterin1993.
(A)CanadianselectedamemberoftheProgressiveConservativeParty,KimCampbell,asPrimeMinister
(B)Canadians’electionofamemberoftheProgressiveConservativePartyasPrimeMinisterwasKimCampbell
(C)KimCampbelloftheProgressiveConservativePartywaselectedPrimeMinisterofCanada
(D)theProgressiveConservativeParty’sKimCampbellwaselectedPrimeMinisterofCanadians
(E)amemberoftheProgressiveConservativeParty,KimCampbell,waselectedbyCanadiansasPrimeMinister
例:
Thoughnowoneofthemostfamousabstractartists,criticsonceridiculedJacksonPollockforhistechniqueofsplatteringpaintoncanvases.
(A)criticsonceridiculedJacksonPollock
(B)criticsoncewereridiculingJacksonPollock
(C)JacksonPollockonceridiculedbycritics
(D)JacksonPollockwasonceridiculedbycritics
(E)JacksonPollock,havingoncebeenridiculedbycritics
(2)SVO, doing/done….S与分词
SVO doing/done….O与分词
如:
Theboysarewatchingagalaxyofbeautiespassingby,slobbering.
例:
During(A)mymostrecent(B)trip,Icameacross(C)awonderfulantiquestorewandering(D)intheoldquarterofthecity.
Noerror(E).
五、代词
代词一定要确切地指明具体对象。
(1)单复数
例:
Thestarlingissucha(A)pestinruralareasthatithasbecome(B)necessarytofindways(C)ofcontrollingthegrowthoftheir(D)population.
Noerror(E)
例:
Contrastingwith(A)mostother(B)fifteenth-centuryrulers,PortugueseKingscouldcounton(C)thesupportofthearistocracyinany(D)overseasventures.
Noerror(E)
(2)主格,宾格
主格:
I,we,they
宾格:
me,us,him,her
区别:
做主格的一般出现在句首,做宾格的一般出现在动词、介词后。
宾语:
动词宾语、介词宾语。
例:
ThereportAlexanderisdiscussing(A),areportpreparedjointlybyhe(B)andthecommittee,doesnottakeintoaccount(C)thesocioeconomicstatusofthoseinterviewed(D).
Noerror(E)
例:
Apparentlyimpressedwith(A)ourplans,thefoundationawardedCarlosandI(B)agranttoestablish(C)anetworkofcommunitycentersthroughout(D)thecity.
Noerror(E)
例:
Forwe(A)students,concernaboutimpending(B)tuitionhikeswasevenmoreacutethan(C)apprehensionabout(D)finalexams.
Noerror(E)
(3)one,you不能相互指代
one与he/she对应;ones与they对应
例:
Forpeoplein(A)manyancientsocieties,workwasonlyameansof(B)survivalratherthan(C)awaytoimproveyour(D)standardofliving.
Noerror(E)
(4)this划线
(5)which,who,whom,that
考点:
which不能指代人,who,whom不能指代物。
例:
Candymanufacturersapplaudedthediscoveryby(A)researchersthatstudentswhich(B)smellchocolatewhilestudyingandagainwhiletaking(C)atestareableto(D)recallmorematerialthanstudentsnotexposedtotheodorofchocolate.
Noerror(E)
例:
Inaworldthat(A)therateoftechnologicalandsocialchangeacceleratesfrighteningly(B),changeitself(C)oftenseemstobetheonlyconstant(D).
Noerror(E)
Where,inwhich的区别:
介词+which的用法>where
六、时态
(1)现在类
一般现在时,现在完成时,现在进行时,现在将来时。
(2)过去类
一般过去时,过去完成时,过去进行时,过去将来时。
例:
Jeromeoftenreferredto(A)arthistorytextbookwhilehe(B)wassculpting;wheneverhelearnedanewmethodinartclass,heseeksout(C)theworkofsculptorswhohadusedit(D)inthepast.Noerror(E)(P409.15)
例:
Someoftheworkerswhoresent(A)thesupervisor’sauthoritywouldprobably(B)feeluncomfortableif(C)theyweretoacquiretheindependencethattheydemand(D).
Noerror(E)
(3)不规则动词的过去分词
例:
AlthoughbornintheMidwest,LangstonHugheslivedmostofhisadultlifeinHarlem,inNewYorkCity,where(A),like(B)otherwritersinthe1930’s,hehadwrote(C)someofhisfinest(D)works.
Noerror(E)
七、介词
(1)基础介词的搭配
(2)把介词的固定用法出得很长
(3)常考的点:
有能力去做—beableto
haveabilityto
becapableofdoing
preoccupationwith
总结归纳:
(1)动词划线:
时态、单复数;
(2)代词;
(3)平行结构;
(4)形容词和副词;
(5)名词;
(6)逻辑主语;
(7)介词。
易错点:
时态、固定用法、5E选项。
作业:
OG上所有的挑错题,并且分类总结。
ImprovingSentences
1.简洁原则
because比becauseof,awareof,considering;主动>被动;直接>间接;动词〉名词。
例:
Anitalikedtowatchtelevision,ofwhichshefoundthescienceprogramsespeciallyfascinating.
(A)television,ofwhichshefoundthescienceprogramsespeciallyfascinating
(B)television;shefoundthescienceprogramsespeciallyfascinating
(C)television,anditwasespeciallythescienceprogramsthatwereoffascination
(D)television;thef