GRE老真题9610.docx

GRE老真题9610.docx

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GRE老真题9610

SECTION1

Time–30minutes

38Questions

1.Becausethemonkeysunderstudyare----the

presenceofhumanbeings,theytypically----

humanobserversandgoabouttheirbusiness

（A）ambivalentabout..welcome

（B）habituatedto..disregard

（C）pleasedwith..snub

（D）inhibitedby..seek

（E）unawareof..avoid

2.Givehepreviouslyexpressedinterestandthe

ambitioustoneofherrecentspeeches,thesenator's

attempttoconvincethepublicthatsheisnotinter-

estedinrunningforasecondtermis----.

（A）laudable

（B）likely

（C）authentic

（D）futile

（E）sincere

3.Manyofherfollowersremain----toher,and

eventhosewhohaverejectedherleadershipare

unconvincedofthe----ofreplacingherduring

thecurrentturmoil.

（A）opposed..urgency

（B）friendly..harm

（C）loyal..wisdom

（D）cool..usefulness

（E）sympathetic..disadvantage

4.UnlikemanyrecentinterpretationsofBeethoven's

pianosonatas,therecitalist'sperformancewasa

delightfullyfreeandintrospectiveone;nevertheless,

itwasalso,seeminglyparadoxically,quite----.

（A）appealing

（B）exuberant

（C）idiosyncratic

（D）unskilled

（E）controlled

5.Specieswithrelatively----metabolicrates,including

hibernators,generallylivelongerthanthosewhose

metabolicratesaremorerapid.

（A）prolific

（B）sedentary

（C）sluggish

（D）measured

（E）restive

6.Belyinghisearlierreputationfor----asanegotiator,

Morganhadrecentlyassumedamore----stance

forwhichmanyofhiserstwhilecriticspraisedhim.

（A）intransigence..conciliatory

（B）impropriety..intolerant

（C）inflexibility..unreasonable

（D）success..authoritative

（E）incompetence..combative

7.AlthoughIrishliteraturecontinuedtoflourishafter

thesixteenthcentury,a----traditionis----

inthevisualarts:

wethinkaboutIrishcultureintermsof

theword,notintermsofpictorialimages.

（A）rich..superfluous

（B）lively..found

（C）comparable..absent

（D）forgotten..apparent

（E）lost..extant

8.SILVER:

TARNISH:

:

（A）gold:

burnish

（B）steel:

forge

（C）iron:

rust

（D）lead:

cast

（E）tin:

shear

9.DISLIKE:

LOATHING:

:

（A）appreciation:

gratification

（B）hunger:

appetite

（C）void:

dearth

（D）pleasure:

bliss

（E）pain:

ache

10.CRAVEN:

HEROIC:

:

（A）unruly:

energetic

（B）listless:

attractive

（C）volatile:

constant

（D）deft:

trifling

（E）awkward:

amusing

11.FILLY:

HORSE:

:

（A）antennae:

butterfly

（B）pullet:

chicken

（C）gaggle:

goose

（D）duck:

drake

（E）wasp:

bee

12.PITHINESS:

APHORISM:

:

（A）craft:

art

（B）detail:

sketch

（C）illusion:

story

（D）exaggeration:

caricature

（E）sophistication:

farce

13.EPHEMERAL:

ENDURING:

:

（A）infirm:

healing

（B）insensitive:

cooperating

（C）inanimate:

living

（D）interminable:

continuing

（E）ineffectual:

proceeding

14.POSTURER:

UNAFFECTED:

:

（A）brat:

insolent

（B）hypocrite:

perceptive

（C）grouch:

respected

（D）bigot:

tolerant

（E）rogue:

empathetic

15.FACETIOUS:

SPEECH:

:

（A）precocious:

learning

（B）unbecoming:

color

（C）exemplary:

conduct

（D）craven:

timidity

（E）antic:

behavior

16.VAGARY:

PREDICT:

:

（A）quotation:

misdirect

（B）investigation:

confirm

（C）stamina:

deplete

（D）turbulence:

upset

（E）impossibility:

execute

ThisisnottodenythattheBlackgospelmusicofthe

earlytwentiethcenturydifferedinimportantwaysfromthe

slavespirituals.Whereasspiritualswerecreatedanddis-

seminatedinfolkfashion,gospelmusicwascomposed,

（5）published,copyrighted,andsoldbyprofessionals.Never-

theless,improvisationremainedcentraltogospelmusic.

Onehasonlytolistentotherecordedrepertoireofgospel

songstorealizethatBlackgospelsingersrarelysanga

songpreciselythesamewaytwiceandneveraccordingto

（10）itsexactmusicalnotation.Theyperformedwhatjazzmusi-

cianscall"headarrangements"proceedingfromtheirown

feelingsandfromtheway"thespirit"movedthematthe

time.Thisimprovisatoryelementwasreflectedintheman-

nerinwhichgospelmusicwaspublished.Blackgospel

（15）composersscoredthemusicintendedforWhitesinging

groupsfully,indicatingthevariousvocalpartsandthe

accompaniment,butthemusicproducedforBlacksingers

includedonlyavocallineandpianoaccompaniment.

17.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes"headarrange-

ment"asthetermisusedinline11?

（A）Apublishedversionofagospelsongproducedfor

usebyBlacksingers

（B）Agospelsongbasedonaslavespiritual

（C）Amusicalscoresharedbyagospelsingeranda

jazzmusician

（D）Aninformallywrittencompositionintendedfor

usebyagospelsinger

（E）Animprovisedperformanceinspiredbythe

singer'semotions

18.Theauthormentions"folkfashion"（line4）mostlikely

inorderto

（A）counteranassertionabouttheroleofimprovi-

sationinmusiccreatedbyBlackpeople

（B）compareearlygospelmusicwithgospelmusic

writtenlaterinthetwentiethcentury

（C）makeadistinctionbetweengospelmusicand

slavespirituals

（D）introduceadiscussionaboutthedisseminationof

slavespirituals

（E）describeasimilaritybetweengospelmusicand

slavespirituals

19.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabout

Blackgospelmusicandslavespirituals?

（A）Bothbecamewidelyknownintheearlytwentieth

century.

（B）Bothhadanimportantimprovisatoryelement.

（C）Bothwerefrequentlyperformedbyjazz

musicians.

（D）Bothwerepublishedwithonlyavocallineand

pianoaccompaniment.

（E）BothweredisseminatedchieflybyBlacksinging

groups.

20.Ofthefollowingsentences,whichismostlikelyto

haveimmediatelyprecededthepassage?

（A）Fewcomposersofgospelmusicdrewontraditions

suchasthespiritualincreatingtheirsongs.

（B）SpiritualsandBlackgospelmusicwerederived

fromthesamemusicaltradition.

（C）Thecreationandsingingofspirituals,practicedby

BlackAmericansbeforetheCivilWar,continued

afterthewar.

（D）Spiritualsandgospelmusiccanbeclearly

distinguishedfromoneanother.

（E）Improvisationwasoneoftheprimarycharac-

teristicsofthegospelmusiccreatedbyBlack

musicians.

Aboutacenturyago,theSwedishphysicalscientist

Arrheniusproposedalawofclassicalchemistrythatrelates

chemicalreactionratetotemperature.Accordingtothe

Arrheniusequation,chemicalreactionareincreasingly

（5）unlikelytooccurastemperaturesapproachabsolutezero,

andatabsolutezero（zerodegreesKelvin,orminus273

degreesCelsius）reactionsstop.However,recentexperi-

mentalevidencerevealsthatalthoughtheArrheniusequa-

tionisgenerallyaccurateindescribingthekindofchemical

（10）reactionthatoccursatrelativelyhightemperatures,attem-

peraturesclosertozeroaquantum-mechanicaleffectknown

astunnelingcomesintoplay;thiseffectaccountsforchem-

icalreactionsthatareforbiddenbytheprinciplesofclassi-

calchemistry.Specifically,entiremoleculescan"tunnel"

（15）throughthebarriersofrepulsiveforcesfromothermole-

culesandchemicallyreacteventhoughthesemoleculesdo

nothavesufficientenergy,accordingtoclassicalchemistry,

toovercometherepulsivebarrier.

Therateofanychemicalreaction,regardlessofthetem-

（20）peratureatwhichittakesplace,usuallydependsonavery

importantcharacteristicknownasitsactivationenergy.Any

moleculecanbeimaginedtoresideatthebottomofaso-

calledpotentialwellofenergy.Achemicalreactioncorre-

spondstothetransitionofamoleculefromthebottomof

（25）onepotentialwelltothebottomofanother.Inclassical

chemistry,suchatransitioncanbeaccomplishedonlyby

goingoverthepotentialbarrierbetweenthewells,the

heightofwhichremainsconstantandiscalledtheactiva-

tionenergyofthereaction.Intunneling,thereactingmole-

（30）culestunnelfromthebottomofonetothebottomofanother

wellwithouthavingtoriseoverthebarrierbetweenthe

twowells.Recentlyresearchershavedevelopedtheconcept

oftunnelingtemperature:

thetemperaturebelowwhich

tunnelingtransitionsgreatlyoutnumberArrheniustransi-

（35）tions,andclassicalmechanicsgiveswaytoitsquantum

counterpart.

Thistunnelingphenomenonatverylowtemperatures

suggestedmyhypothesisaboutacoldprehistoryoflife:

theformationofrathercomplexorganicmoleculesinthe

（40）deepcoldofouterspace,wheretemperaturesusuallyreach

onlyafewdegreesKelvin.Cosmicrays（high-energypro-

tonsandotherparticles）mighttriggerthesynthesisof

simplemolecules,suchasinterstellarformaldehyde,in

darkcloudsofinterstellardust.Afterwardcomplexorganic

（45）moleculeswouldbeformed,slowlybutsurely,bymeans

oftunneling.AfterIofferedmyhypothesis,Hoyleand

Wickramasinghearguedthatmoleculesofinterstellarform-

aldehydehaveindeedevolvedintostablepolysaccharides

suchascelluloseandstarch.Theirconclusions,although

（50）stronglydisputed,havegeneratedexcitementamonginves-

tigatorssuchasmyselfwhoareproposingthatthegalactic

cloudsaretheplaceswheretheprebiologicalevolutionof

compoundsnecessarytolifeoccurred.

21.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

（A）describinghowtheprinciplesofclassicalchem-

istryweredeveloped

（B）initiatingadebateaboutthekindsofchemical

reactionsrequiredforthedevelopmentoflife

（C）explaininghowcurrentresearchinchemistrymaybe

relatedtobroaderbiologicalconcerns

（D）reconcilingopposingtheoriesaboutchem