英语 高考英语阅读理解社会文化专项训练100附答案.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解社会文化专项训练100附答案
【英语】高考英语阅读理解(社会文化)专项训练100(附答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1.阅读理解
TheatersofthePast
TheGreekTheater
TheatersdevelopedinmanypartsofGreece.AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.Duetothis,actorsplacedemphasisonexaggerated(夸张的)actionandspeech.And,colorfulsymbolicmasksandcostumeswereused.
TheMedievalTheater
TheMedievaltheaterstartedinchurches.That'swhymedievalplayswereaboutBiblestories.Atfirst,itbecameacustomforpriests(牧师)toactoutbriefscenesduringChristmasandEaster.Theseactsattractedlargecrowds.Finallythechurchrefusedtoallowprieststoparticipateinanysucheventsagain,soordinarypeoplebegantheseperformancesoutside.Performancesweresetinthetownsquare,withseveralstagesettingsaroundit.
TheElizabethanTheater
TheEngland'stheaterdevelopedrapidlyintheyearsfollowingthedefeatoftheSpanishNavy.ThedominantfeatureofElizabethantheaterwasthestage.Ithasthreeparts:
Theforestageforoutsidescenes;theinnerstageforscenesinsideabuilding;anupperstageorbalconyforvariouspurposes.Thereasonforthisdesignisthattherewerenoscenechanges,orbreaksduringtheplay.Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.Thisledtoamorepoeticscript,andpoetsbecamethemainsourceofscriptwriting.
TheRestorationTheater
Someoftheplaystoldsadstories,butthemajorityoftheplayswerereallyfunny.Manyspecializedmachineswereusedtocreatethescene.Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters(百叶窗)werepaintedwiththescene.
(1)WhywereancientGreektheatersbuiltonhills?
A.Toholdalargeaudience.
B.Tobuildabigandstrongstage.
C.Tohaveabettersoundeffect.
D.Toemphasizeexaggeratedperformances.
(2)Inwhichtheatercouldactors'voicesandspeechhelpcreatescenes?
A.TheGreekTheater.
B.TheMedievalTheater.
C.TheElizabethanTheater.
D.TheRestorationTheater.
(3)WhatisspecialabouttheRestorationTheater?
A.Colorfulmaskswereused.
B.Thestagewassmartlydesigned.
C.Mostofitsplaysweresorrowful.
D.Ordinarypeopleweretheperformers.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了四个古代的剧院。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据TheGreekTheater部分中的“AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.”古希腊的剧院建在自然开阔的地方,建在形状方便的山上。
这使得一大群人可以一次欣赏一场演出,可知,希腊剧院建在山上是为了让更多的观众可以一起欣赏演出。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据TheElizabethanTheater部分中的“Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.”布景用得很少,所以演员们不得不通过他们的声音和对话来创造一个场景,可知,在TheElizabethanTheater,演员的声音和言语能帮助创造场景。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据TheRestorationTheater部分中的“Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters(百叶窗)werepaintedwiththescene.”舞台是一个非常聪明的想法,因为舞台两侧的大背板上都画着场景)可知,在TheRestorationTheater舞台设计非常巧妙。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
WhileBlackFridayandCyberMondayhelpstarttheholidayshoppingseason,GivingTuesday,whichwillbeobservedonNovember28,attemptstoinspiretheseasonofgiving.Nowinitssixthyear,thecharitable(慈善的)dayusesthepowerofsocialmediatoencourageorganizationsandindividualstodonatefundsorresourcestoworthycauses.Itsmissionistobringpositivechangetocommunitiesthroughgiving.
Thoughdevotingjustonedaytoaworthycausemaynotseemmuch,GivingTuesdaymakesasurprisinglysignificantimpact.In2015,ORGANIZE,anonlineorgandonorprogramaskedpeopleto“GivewithyourHeart”,bybecomingregistereddonors.ThousandsofAmericanslistentothecryforhelp,resultinginoneofthelargestdigitaldonordrivesinUShistory.
Thatsameyear,theClevelandLibraryandthePrattLibraryinBaltimorecompetedtoseewhocouldencouragemoredonations.WhilethePrattLibrarywonwitha$41,000acquisition,theClevelandLibrarywasabletoraiseafairlylargeamountforitsprogramsaswell.In2016,theUniversityofMichiganencouragedstudentsandfriendstodonatetohourlychallenges.Theyraisedanamazing$5.5million!
Theuniversityhopestorecreatethemagicthisyear,withavirtualcelebrationtomarktheinstitution's200thanniversary.
GivingTuesdayisnotjustaUSphenomenon,butaglobalmovement.In2016,98countriesparticipatedintheevent,raising$177million,a44%increaseover2015,when71nationscollected$116.7million.Thesenumberscanonlyincreaseasthedaygainsfurtherrecognition.
Thoughdonatingfundsisagreatwaytohelp,therearenumerousotherwaystosupportyourlocalcommunity.Youcangivebackbyvolunteeringatanearbynonprofitorfoodbank.Socialmediaexpertscandotheirsharebyspreadingtheinformationandinspiringtheircolleaguestogetinvolved.AnothergreatwaytocelebrateGivingTuesdayisbyhelpingthoseclosesttoyou,whetherthat'sassistingafamilymemberwithchoresorhelpinganeighborwithyardwork.
(1)WhyisGivingTuesdaystarted?
A. Toappealtopeopletoperformanactofkindness.
B. Topromotesalesoftheholidayshoppingseason.
C. Toinspirethepoortohaveapositiveviewoflife.
D. Toencouragepeopletodonateorgansforpatients.
(2)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat .
A. peopledonatedmoneyactivelyforthetwolibrariesinBaltimore
B. theUniversityofMichiganthoughtitchallengingtogetdonations
C. GivingTuesdayhasn'tbeenuniversallyacceptedintheworldsofar
D. thedonationstotheinstitutionweregivenforits200thanniversary
(3)Theauthortriestotellthereaders inParagraph5.
A. whyweneedtovolunteerinourlocalcommunity
B. whowewillcelebrateGivingTuesdaytogetherwith
C. whereweshoulddonatefundstobenefitotherpeople
D. howwecangivetohelpthosewhoareingreatneed
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍GivingTuesday,并激励人们慷慨行善。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“WhileBlackFridayandCyberMondayhelpstarttheholidayshoppingseason,GivingTuesday,whichwillbeobservedonNovember28,attemptstoinspiretheseasonofgiving.”可知,人们庆祝GivingTuesday的目的是激励人们慷慨行善。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Thesenumberscanonlyincreaseasthedaygainsfurtherrecognition.”可以推断出,到目前为止在世界上庆祝GivingTuesday还不够普遍。
故选C。
(3)考查主旨大意。
根据第五段中的“)Thoughdonatingfundsisagreatwaytohelp,therearenumerousotherwaystosupportyourlocalcommunity.”可知,本段文章的内容主要讲述为社会奉献有许多种方式。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
SinglesDay:
AlibabaSaysaLotofPeopleinChinaBoughtOnline
Theplanet'sbiggestshoppingdayhascomeandgone,andAlibabaagainshowedtheworldhowmanymountainsofstuff(物品)itcouldpersuadepeopletobuyinthe24hours.
MondaywasNov.11,knowninChinaasSinglesDay.Thisyear,nearly$38.3billionworthofstuffwassoldonAlibaba'splatforms(平台)thatday,beatinglastyear's$30.8billionandmakingBlackFridaylook,yetagain,likeayardsale.
Chinahasgrownricherandmoredigitallyconnected.Alibabahasbecomeatechnologypowerhouse.Alongtheway,thecompanyhasmadeafewfamousfriends.ThisyearthesingerTaylorSwiftperformedinitslive-streamedeveninggala(庆典)inShanghaionSunday.InpreviousyearsthemodelMirandaKerrandtheactorsNicoleKidmanandDanielCraigalsoshowedontheSinglesDaystage.
AlibabastartedtakingtheleadinChina,simplyenough,byconnectingbigChinesemanufacturerswithbigbuyersacrosstheworld.Itsbusiness-to-businesssite,Aallowedpeopletobuyalmosteverything.Alibaba'sadvantagewasn'thardtosee:
size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.
Alibabanowcallsitselfadataandtechnologycompany,onethatprovidesdigitaltoolstohelpthebusinessesonitsplatforms.That,inturn,leadsconsumerstolooktothoseplatformsfortheireveryneed,fromshoppingandservicestoentertainmentandtravel.Today,Alibabaisitselfagiganticcompany,anditwantstogrowbiggerstill.
(1)Whereisthispassageprobablyfrom?
A.Atextbook.
B.Anewspaper.
C.Asciencenewsreport.
D.Anadvertisement.
(2)HowmanyfamouspeopleshowedontheSinglesDaystage?
A.2.
B.3.
C.4.
D.5.
(3)WhatdoesAlibaba'sadvantagemainlyliein?
A.Itsplatform.
B.Itsservice.
C.Itsprice.
D.Itssize.
(4)Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword"gigantic"inthelastparagraph?
A.Large.
B.Small.
C.Good.
D.Successful.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了引领了中国双十一购物节的阿里巴巴公司。
每年购物节前夕都会找明星预热。
同时介绍了阿里巴巴的相关信息。
(1)考查推理判断。
本文介绍了中国双十一购物节相关数据和阿里巴巴公司的情况,可以从报纸了解到相关信息。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的TaylorSwift,MirandaKerr,NicoleKidman,DanielCraig等人都参加了双十一晚会庆典,共4人,故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Alibaba'sadvantagewasn'thardtosee:
size.Alibabaisjustbig,evenbyChinesestandards.”阿里巴巴的优势不难看出,就是其规模,而且阿里巴巴的规模以中国标准而言也是非常大的。
故选D。
(4)考查词义猜测。
最后一段中的“anditwantstogrowbiggerstill”,阿里巴巴也想继续扩大,此处使用了bigger形容词的比较级,由此可判断划线词意为“大”,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
4.阅读理解
In1947agroupoffamouspeoplefromtheartworldheadedbyanAustrianconductordecidedtoholdaninternationalfestivalofmusic,danceandtheatreinEdinburgh.TheideawastoreuniteEuropeaftertheSecondWorldWar.
ItquicklyattractedfamousnamessuchasAlecGuinness,RichardBurton,DameMargotFonteynandMarleneDietrichaswellasthebigsymphonyorchestras(交响乐团).ItbecameafixedeventeveryAugustandnowattracts400,000peopleyearly.