中国剪纸Chinese paper cutting.docx
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中国剪纸Chinesepapercutting
Chinesepapercutting
Chinesepapercutting,orJianzhi,isakindoffolkartwhichusesscissorsorknivestocutpapersfordecorationorotherfolkactivities.HavingawidemassbaseinChina,papercuttinghasbeeninvolvedinthesociallifefordifferentpeoplesandhaspresentedmultiplesocialvaluesincognition,amusementandcommunicationetc.
In2006,JianzhiwasenlistedintothefirstgroupofNationalIntangibleCulturalHeritagebytheStateCouncil,anditwaslistedintheUNESCOIntangibleCulturalHeritageListsin2009.
Origin:
Theartofpaper-cuttinginChinamaydatebacktothesecondcenturyC.E.,sincepaperwasinventedbyCaiintheEasternHanDynastyinChina.Aspaperbecamemoreaffordable,paper-cuttingbecameoneofthemostimportanttypesofChinesefolkart.Later,thisartformspreadtootherpartsoftheworld,withdifferentregionsadoptingtheirownculturalstyles.Becausethecut-outsareoftenusedtodecoratedoorsandwindows,theyaresometimesreferredtoaspaper-cutforwindow,windowflowersorwindowpaper-cuts.Peoplegluedthepapercutstotheexteriorofwindows,sothelightfromtheinsidewouldshinethroughthenegativespaceofthecutout.Usually,theartworksaremadeofredpaper,asredisassociatedwithfestivitiesandhappinessinChineseculture,butotherscoloredwerealsoused.Normallypaper-cuttingartworkisusedonfestivalslikeSpringFestival,weddingsandchildbirth.Papercutsalwayssymbolizeluckandhappiness.
Chinesepaper-cuttingoriginatedfromancientactivitiesofworshippingancestorsandgods,andisatraditionalpartofChineseculture.Accordingtoarchaeologicalrecords,itoriginatesfromthe6thcentury,althoughsomebelievethatitshistorycouldbetracedasfarbackastheWarringStatesperiod(around3BC),longbeforethepaperwasinvented.Atthattime,peopleusedotherthinmaterials,likeleaves,silverfoil,silkandevenleather,tocarvehollowedpatterns.Later,whenpaperwasinvented,peoplerealizedthatthismaterialwaseasytocut,storeanddiscard,andpaperbecamethemajormaterialforthistypeofartwork.DuringtheMingandQingdynasties(1368–1912),thisartistrywitnesseditsmostprosperousperiod.Foroverathousandyears,people(mainlywomen)havebeenmakingpaper-cutsaspartaleisureactivity.Theycreateddifferenttypeofpaper-cuttingandsharedandpassedthistraditionalcraftsmanshiptotheirchildren,sothatthistraditionalartstylebecamemoreandmorepopularandisstillpracticedtothisday.
Inancienttimes,humanbeingshavediscoveredandusedimagesasanartisticmethodofimagerepresentation,andthencreatedtheartisticlanguageofengravingandairthroughvariousmaterials.Thisisinmanyprimitivesocietycolorpotteryandrockpainting,ShangZhoubronzes,Handynastypicturestoneart,reflectedancientartificertousethisartistictechniqueconsummation.Today'sfolkpaper-cutsarestrikinglyconsistentwiththestyleandexteriorfeaturesofthepaper,whichfullyexplaintheinheritanceandcontinuityoftheirrelationship.
TheChineseimperialconcubineholdingthebaby,playingwiththewindow,skillfullycuttingthePaulowniaLeavesaccordingtothewindowscreen.Usethinslicematerialtocutcarveflower,beforehavepaperalreadybelikeHandynastygoldandsilverfoilengravedflower.Buttheexactcut,ofcourse,isafterpaper.Ourcountryisthecountrythatinventedpaper,alreadybegantomakepaperinthewesternHandynasty.Atthispoint,theuseofpaperforcuttingoutthehollowoutperformanceinaccordancewiththepaper-cutartrequiredbythefolkcustomhasbeengeneratedamongthepeople.However,theearliestpapercutwasfoundinthenorthKoreanperiod(386A.D.581),whichwasunearthedneartheflamingmountainofTurpaninXinjiang.Thesepapercuts,thewayofrepeatedfoldingandthenon-occlusionoftheimage,areverysimilartotoday'sfolkpapercuttingpaper.
Whenpaper-cuttingpasseddowntotheTangdynasty,theskillsofhandcraftbecamemature.Paper-cuttingwasnotonlyakindofhandcraft,butalsoapieceofartwork,asitcouldexpresstheideathroughthepattern.InMingandQingdynasty,paper-cuttingexperienceditspeakdevelopment.Folkpaper-cuttingspreadtoawiderrangeandhadabundantmeansofartisticexpression.Paper-cuttingwasusedtodecoratedoors,windowsandwallstoshowhappinessandfestival.
Classification:
Paper-cuttingisoneoftheoldestandthemostpopularfolkartsinChina.Itcanbegeographicallydividedintoasouthernandanorthernstyle.Thesouthernstyle,representedbyworksfromYangzhouinJiangsuProvinceandLeQinginZhejiangProvince,featuresingeniousandbeautifuldesigns,exquisitecarvingandinterestingshapes.Thenorthernstyle,mainlyfromYuXianandFengNinginHebeiProvinceandbestrepres