雅思阅读考情回顾.docx

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雅思阅读考情回顾.docx

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雅思阅读考情回顾.docx

雅思阅读考情回顾

2018年11月17日雅思阅读考情回顾

一、考试时间：

2018年11月17日（周六）

二、考试概述：

第一篇Bamboo,Awonderplant，竹子。

剑十第三套第二篇Autumnleaves和剑五第四套第三篇Theeffectsoflightonplantandanimalspecies均为植物话题文章，可作为参考。

第二篇Orienteering，定向越野。

可参考剑五第四套第一篇Howmuchhigher？

HowmuchFaster？

和剑六第一套第一篇Australia’ssportingsuccess。

第三篇Appearanceandcharacters，外貌与性格。

心理类文章可参考剑十第一套第三篇Thepsychologyofinnovation以及剑八第一套第三篇Telepathy。

三、文章简介

第一篇Bamboo,Awonderplant，竹子

第二篇Orienteering，定向越野

第三篇Appearanceandcharacters，外貌与性格

四、篇章分析：

Passage1

文章内容

第一段：

讲bamboo对生态中其他生物的重要性

第二段：

现阶段我们对于bamboo的品种了解状况的限制，以及现在对bamboo的研究到了怎样的程度

第三段：

bamboo在森林中所起的作用

第四段：

bamboo的各种经济价值

第五段：

讲bamboo受灭绝威胁主要是因为栖息地的破坏而非其他物种入侵

第六段：

提议重视bamboo，概述了一下bamboo的重要性

题型分布与答案参考

段落信息匹配题7，人名观点匹配4，简答题2

参考答案：

段落信息匹配

1.Eanassessmentofcurrentlimitedextentofexistingresearchaboutbamboo

2.Dacomparisonbetweenbambooandmorefragileplants

3.Bdetailsofthecommercialapplicationofbamboo

4.Aahumandevelopmentthatisthreateningtheavailabilityofbamboo

5.Dadescriptionofhumanactivitythatdamagedlargeareasofbamboo

6.Cexamplesoftheapproachesusedtostudybamboo

7.Banexplanationofhowbamboomayhelpthesurvivalofarangeofplants

8-11待补充

简答题

12.问bamboo对生态的什么control起到很重要作用。

soilerosion

13.问现在bamboo一个increasingtrend是被用来做什么。

paper

（答案仅供参考）

相关拓展

Bamboo,awonderplant

Thewonderplantwithanuncertainfuture:

morethanabillionpeoplerelyonbambooforeithertheirshelterorincome,whilemanyendangeredspeciesdependonitfortheirsurvival.Despiteitsapparentabundance,anewreportsaysthatspeciesofbamboomaybeunderseriousthreat.

AEveryyear,duringtherainyseason,themountaingorillasofCentralAfricamigratetothefoothillsandlowerslopesoftheVirungaMountainstograzeonbamboo.Forthe6500rsothatremaininthewild,it’savitalfoodsource.Althoughthereareatalmost150typesofplant,aswellasvariousinsectsandotherinvertebrates,bambooaccountsforupt090percentoftheirdietatthistimeofyear.Withoutit,saysIanRedmond,chairmanoftheApeAlliance,theirchancesofsurvivalwouldbereducedsignificantly.Gorillasaren’ttheonlylocalskeenonbamboo.ForthepeoplewholiveclosetotheVirungas,it’savaluableandversatilerawmaterialusedforbuildinghousesandmakinghouseholditemssuchasmatsandbaskets.Butinthepast100yearsorso,resourceshavecomeunderincreasingpressureaspopulationshaveexplodedandlargeareasofbambooforesthavebeenclearedtomakewayforfarmsandcommercialplantations.

B Sadly,thisisn’tanisolatedstory.Allovertheworld,therangesofmanybamboospeciesappeartobeshrinking,endangeringthepeopleandanimalsthatdependuponthem.Butdespitebamboo’simportance,weknowsurprisinglylittleaboutit.ArecentreportpublishedbytheUNEnvironmentProgramme（UNEP）andtheInter-nationalNetworkforBambooandRattan（INBAR）hasrevealedjusthowprofoundisourignoranceofglobalbambooresources,particularlyinrelationtoconservation.Therearealmostl,600recognizedspeciesofbamboo,butthereportconcentratedonthel,200orsowoodyvarietiesdistinguishedbythestrongstems,orculms,thatmostpeopleassociatewiththisversatileplant.Ofthese,only38‘priorityspecies’identifiedfortheircommercialvaluehavebeenthesubjectofanyrealscientificresearch,andthishasfocusedmostlyonmattersrelatingtotheirviabilityasacommodity.Thisproblemisn’tconfinedtobamboo.Comparedtotheworkcarriedoutonanimals,thescienceofassessingtheconservationstatusofplantsisstillinitsinfancy.“Peoplehaveonlystartedlookinghardatthisduringthepast10-15years,andonlynowaretheygettingahandleonhowtogoaboutitsystematically,”saysDr.ValerieKapos,oneofthereport’sauthorsandasenioradviserinforestecologyandconservationtotheUNEP.

C Bambooisatypeofgrass.Itcomesinawidevarietyofforms,ranginginheightfrom30centimetrestomorethan40metres.Itisalsotheworld’sfastest-growingwoodyplant;somespeciescangrowmorethanametreinaday.Bamboo’secologicalroteextendsbeyondprovidingfoodandhabitatforanimals.Bambootendstogrowinstandsmadeupofgroupsofindividualplantsthatgrowfromrootsystemsknownasrhizomes.Itsextensiverhizomesystems,whichtieinthetoplayersofthesoil,arecrucialinpreventingsoilerosion.Andthereisgrowingevidencethatbambooplaysanimportantpartindeterminingforeststructureanddynamics.

“Bamboo’spatternofmassfloweringandmassdeathleavesbehindlargeareasofdrybiomassthatattractwildfire,”saysKapos.“Whentheseburn,theycreatepatchesofopengroundwithintheforestfarbiggerthanwouldbeleftbyafallentree.”Patchinesshelpstopreservediversitybecausecertainplantspeciesdobetterduringtheearlystagesofregenerationwhentherearegapsinthecanopy.

D However,bamboo’smostimmediatesignificanceliesinitseconomicvalue.Modernprocessingtechniquesmeanthatitcanbeusedinavarietyofways,forexample,asflooringandlaminates.Oneofthefastestgrowingbambooproductsispaper-25percentofpaperproducedinIndiaismadefrombamboofiber,andinBrazil,100,000hectaresofbambooaregrownforitsproduction.Ofcourse,bamboo’smainfunctionhasalwaysbeenindomesticapplications,andasalocallytradedcommodityit’sworthabout$4.5billionannually.Becauseofitsversatility,flexibilityandstrength（itstensilestrengthcomparestothatofsomesteel）,ithastraditionallybeenusedinconstruction.Today,morethanonebillionpeopleworldwideliveinbamboohouses.Bambooisoftentheonlyreadilyavailablerawmaterialforpeopleinmanydevelopingcountries,saysChrisStapleton,aresearchassociateattheRoyalBotanicGardens.“Bamboocanbeharvestedfromforestareasorgrownquicklyelsewhere,andthenconvertedsimplywithoutexpensivemachineryorfacilities,”hesays.“Inthisway,itcontributessubstantiallytopovertyalleviationandwealthcreation.”

EGivenbamboo’svalueineconomicandecologicalterms,thepicturepaintedbytheUNEPreportisallthemoreworrying.Butkeenhorticulturistswillspotanapparentcontradictionhere.Thosewho’vefollowedtherecentvogueforcultivatingexoticspeciesintheirgardenswillpointoutthatifitisn’tkeptincheck,bamboocancauserealproblems.“Inalotofplaces,thepeoplewholivewithbamboodon’tperceiveitasbeingendangeredinanyway,”saysKapos.“Infact,alotofbamboospeciesareactuallyveryinvasiveifthey’vebeenintroduced.”Sowhyaresomanyspeciesendangered?

Therearetwoseparateissueshere,saysRayTownsend,vicepresidentoftheBritishBambooSocietyandarboretummanagerattheRoyalBotanicGardens.“Someplantsarethreatenedbecausetheycan’tsurviveinthehabitat-theyaren’tstrongenoughortherearen’tenoughofthem,perhaps.Butbamboocantakecareofitself-itisstrongenoughtosurviveifleftalone.Whatisunderthreatisitshabitat.”Itisthephysicaldisturbancethatisthethreattobamboo,saysKapos.“Whenforestgoes,itisconvertedintosomethingelse:

thereisn’tanywhereforforestplantssuchasbambootogrowifyoucreateacattlepasture.”

F Aroundtheworld,bamboospeciesareroutinelyprotectedaspartofforesteco-systemsinnationalparksandreserves,butthereisnexttonothingthatprotectsbamboointhewildforitsownsake.However,somesmallstepsarebeingtakentoaddressthissituation.TheUNEP-INBARreportwillhelpconservationiststoestablisheffectivemeasuresaimedatprotectingvaluablewildbamboospecies.Townsend,too,seestheUNEPreportasanimportantstepforwardinpromotingthecauseofbambooconservation.“Untilnow,bamboohasbeenperceivedasasecond-classplant.WhenyoutalkaboutplacessuchastheAmazon,everyonealwaysthinksaboutthehardwoods.Ofcoursethesearesignificant,butthereisatendencytooverlooktheplantstheyareassociatedwith,whichareoftenbamboospecies.Inmanyways,itisthemostimportantplantknowntoman.Ican’tthinkofanotherplantthatisusedsomuchandissocommerciallyimportantinsomanycountries.”Hebelievesthatthemostimportantfirststepistogetscientistsintothefield.“Weneedtogooutthere,lookattheseplantsandseehowtheysurviveandthenusethatinformationtoconservethemforthefuture.”

Passage2：

文章内容

第一段：

简单介绍一下定向越野的现状和背景的交代

第二段：

定向越野的起源

第三段：

定向越野的分类（foot、bike、ski、trail）

第四段：

定向越野为什么不能正式作为奥运会体育项目

第五段：

定向越野的管理组织架构，包括总部、分部等

第六段：

总结概括了之前提到的内容，虽然定向越野不能正式成为奥运项目，但依旧很受欢迎

题型分布与答案参考

判断题5，配对题4，填空题4

参考答案

14-18待补充

填空题

19.military

20.card

21.flag

22.Olympics

23-26待补充

（答案仅供参考）