届高考英语阅读理解精选细做饮食与健康类.docx

届高考英语阅读理解精选细做饮食与健康类.docx

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届高考英语阅读理解精选细做饮食与健康类

饮食与健康类

1、   Goodforyourhealth?

Socialisingwithyourfriendscouldbummorecaloriesthanrunningonatreadmill（跑步机）.Socialisingkeepsyouslim.

   Keepingabusysociallifeamonglotsoffriendsmaykeeppeopleslimmerthanspendinghoursonatreadmill,accordingtoscientists.Theysaythatsocialisingandmeetingwithfriendshelphighlevelsof“brownfat”inthebodybumcaloriestogenerateheat.Livinginastimulatingsocialenvironmentwasfoundtoreduceabdominalfatinmicebyhalfoverfourweeks,eveniftheyatemore.

   U.S.researcherssaythatsocialstimulationaidsweightlossbyconvertingwhitefatintobrown.Whitestorescaloriesandmakesusfatter,whilebrownbumsenergytogenerateheat.Convertingwhitefatintobrownisnotoriouslydifficult,normallyrequiringlongtermexposuretocoldconditionsoractivatingpartofthebody'snervoussystem.

   However,scientistsfromOhioStateUniversitynowthinkthathavingabusysociallifeisanevenmoreeffectivewayofchangingwhitefatintobrown.Theteamcameupwiththeirtheorybystudyingtheeffectsofvariouslivingenvironmentsonmice.Thosewholivedalongsideagreaternumberofmice,hadmorespaceandtoystostimulatethemtolosefarmoreweightoverthecourseofthestudythantheir"couchpotato"counterparts.

   StudyauthorDr.MatthewDuring,whoseteam'sfindingsappearinjournal CellMetabolism said,“I’mstillamazedatthedegreeoffatlossthatoccurs.”Explaininghownewtechnologyhadthreatenedface-to-facesocialising,headded,“It’snotjustasedentary（久坐的）lifestyleandhighcaloriefoods,butanincreasinglackofsocialengagement.''

   Co-authorDr.LeiCaosaid,“Lonelinessisaprofoundfactorforcanceranddeath;it’sonparwithcigarettesmoking.Socialengagementisveryimportant."

1.Inordertokeepacharmingfeature,it’sbetterto _________.

A.livesocially

B.runonatreadmill

C.eatless

D.exposetocoldness

2.Couchpotatocounterpartsreferto_________.

A.agreaternumberofmice

B.morespaceandtoys

C.thosewithmoreweight

D.changingwhitefattobrown

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“onparwith"inParagraph6mean?

A.Morethan.

B.Lessthan.

C.Atthesamelevelas.

D.Athigherlevelthan.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Socialisingkeepsyouslim.

B.Runningonatreadmillkeepsyouslim.

C.Turningwhitefatintobrown.

D.Livingoftenwithmice.

2、    Recentlyastudy,ledbyPedroHallaloftheFederalUniversity,suggeststhatnearlyathirdofadults,31%,arenotgettingenoughexercise.Thatratesofexercisehavedeclinedishardlyanewdiscovery.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,technologyandeconomicgrowthhavehelpedtocreateaworldinwhichtakingexerciseismoreandmoreanoptionratherthananecessity.ButonlyrecentlyhaveenoughgooddatabeencollectedfromenoughplacestocarryoutthesortofanalysisDrHallalandhiscolleagueshaveengagedin.

   Therearecommonthemesindifferentplaces.Unsurprisingly,peopleinrichcountriesarelessactivethanthoseinpoorones,andoldpeoplearelessactivethanyoungones.Lessobviously,womentendtoexerciselessthanmen—34%areinactive,comparedwith28%ofmen.Butthereareexceptions.Thewomenof  Croatia,Finland,IraqandLuxembourg,forexample,movemorethantheirmalecountrymen.  

   Maltawinstheraceformostslothfulcountry,with72%ofadultsgettingtoolittleexercise,andSwazilandandSaudiArabiaareinclosebehind,with69%.InBangladesh,just5%ofadultsfailtoexerciseenough.Surprisingly,sixAmericansintenareactiveenoughaccordingtoDrHallal’sstudy,comparedwithfewerthanfourintenBritish. 

   Thesehighratesofinactivityareworrying.Humanbeingsseemtohaveevolvedtobenefitfromexercisewhiledeliberatelyavoidingitwhenevertheycan.Inastateofnatureitwouldbeimpossibletolivealifethatdidnotprovideenoughofit.Butthatisnolongerthecase.Actuallylackofenoughactivitythesedayshasnearlythesameeffectonlifespanassmoking.

1. WemaylearnfromParagraph1that_________.

A.thedeclineofexerciseratesisnewlydiscovered

B.thestudysuggests31%offemaleadultsgettoolittleexercise

C.theindustrialrevolutionhaschangedthewaypeoplelivetosomedegree

D.thegoodenoughdatahasbeencollectedfromonlyonecountry

2.Accordingtothestudy,womenofLuxembourg_________. 

A.havelittletimetoexercise

B.hatetogetregularexercise

C.takemoreexercisetoloseweight

D.exercisemorethanmenintheircountry

3.Theunderlinedword“slothful”inParagraph3mostprobablymeans_________.

A.lazy

B.rich

C.powerful

D.unpopular

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. BenefitsofTakingExercise

B.NewHealthDiscovery

C.EvolvementofHumanBeings

D.WorldwideLackof

E.noughExercise

3、   TheWorldHealthOrganizationreportcomparedthe“obesity-relatedbehaviors”foryoungstersacross42nations.AnditrevealsUKkidsareamongthelaziest.

   Amongteenagegirls,theScotstopedtheleaguetableformostscreentime,with80percentspendingatleasttwohoursadayoncomputers.Walescamefourthwith76percent,andEnglandseventhwith75percent.GirlsinArmeniaandAlbaniawereleastlikelytospendhoursidlingonline.

   Screentimefiguresforboyswereevenhigher.WaleswassecondintheEuropean“couchpotato”league,with85percentgluedtotheirscreensforatleasttwohours.Scotlandwasthirdwith84percent,andEngland15thwith77percent.BoysinSwitzerlandandPortugalwereleastlikelytodedicatetwohoursadaytosittinginfrontofacomputer.

   LeadresearcherDrJoInchley,fromtheUniversityofStAndrews,saidsocialmediawasimpactingonkids'health.Shesaid,“Weknowtherearerisks,suchascyberbullyingandimpactonmentalhealth.Also,therearelonger-termimpactsonphysicalhealthfrombeingsedentary.Oneofthemainchallengesisthatthiskindofactivity（socialmediaandcomputeruse）issomuchpartofyoungpeople'slivesthesedays.”Shesaidmoreneedstobedonetogetkidsmovingthroughouttheday.

   DrStevenMann,researchdirectorforUKActivesaidthefindingswere“alarming”.Hesaid,“Modernlifehaschanged,butwhenteensarespendinghourshunchedoverFacebook,Instagramandvideogames,theysimplyaren'tgettingtheexercisethattheyneed.Thesealarminginactivityfiguresshowthatplaytimeisoverbeforeithasstartedfortoomanychildren,puttingthematfargreaterriskoffutureconditionslikeheartdisease,cancerandtype2diabetes.”

   TamFry,fromtheNationalObesityForum,warnedBritteensarenow“slavestohand-helddevices”.AndtheWHOwarnsfourinfivefatteenswillcontinuetostrugglewiththeirweightthroughoutlife.ThereportalsoshowslessthanhalfofUKyoungstersconsumefruitorvegdaily.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“obesity-relatedbehaviors”foryoungstersacross42nations?

A.UKkidsdidn'texerciseenough.

B.Girlsspentmoretimeoncomputersthanboys.

C.GirlsinWalesrankedthefirstintermsofscreentime.

D.OnlySwissboysareamongthelaziest.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sedentary”inParagraph4mean?

A.Cyberbullying.

B.Computerusing.

C.Exercising.

D.Sittingorlittleactivity.

3.WhatisthemainreasonforobesityforUKteens?

A.Lessfruitorvegconsuming.

B.Toomuchuseofelectronicdevices.

C.Toomuchplaytime.

D.Lackofphysicaleducation.

4.Whyarethesescreentimefiguresalarming?

A.UKkidswillbebeaten.

B.AllUKkidswillsufferfromoverweight.

C.Riskofcertaindiseaseswillincrease.

D.Morehand-helddevicesneedtobeproduced.

4、    Ifyouaretakingvitaminsupplementstoreduceyourriskofheartdiseaseorcancer,agroupofhealthexpertswantyoutoknowthatthosevitaminsmayactuallyincreaseyourriskofcancer.

    TheUSPreventiveServicesTaskForcecametothisconclusionafterreviewingdozensofstudies.

    NearlyhalfofadultsintheUStakeatleastonevitaminormineralsupplementonaregularbasis.Thesepillsareadvertisedasawaytopromotegeneralhealth.Insomecases,manufacturerspromotethemascancerfightersandheartprotectors.

    Studiesinanimalsandinlaboratorydishessuggestthatoxidative（氧化性的）stresscontributestodiseaseslikecancerandheartdisease.Ifso,thereisareasontobelievethatantioxidants—includingbeta-carotene,vitaminsA,C,andE—couldbeusefulaspreventivemedicines.

    ButwhentheTaskForceexaminedthemedicalevidenceonvitamins,itfound“inadequate（不充分的）evidence”tosupporttheclaimsthatvitaminandmineralsupplementsbenefithealthyadults.

    “Cardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseandcancerhaveasignificanthealthimpactinAmerica,andweallwanttofindwaystopreventthesediseases,”Dr.VirginiaMoyer,whoheadstheTaskForce,saidinastatement.Butsofar,sheadded,themedicalevidencedoesnotshowthattakingvitaminsishelpfulinthisregard.

    However,theTaskForcedidfind“adequateevidence”thatpeoplewitharaisedriskforlungcanceractuallyincreasetheirriskfurtherbytakingbeta-carotene,aprecursorofvitaminA.

    TheTaskForcerecommendationsoftakingvitaminsregularlyapplytohealthyadultsaged50andolderwhodon'thave“specialnutritionalneeds”.Theadvicedoesnotapplytochildren,womenwhoarepregnantormaybecomepregnant,peoplewithchronicillnesses,orpeoplewhohavetotakesupplementsbecausetheycan'tgetalltheiressentialnutrientsfromtheirdiet.

1.Studiesinanimalsandinlaboratorydishesfindout________.

A.ampleevidencethattakingvitaminsarehelpfulfortreatinglungcancer

B.cardiovasculardiseasespreadsveryfastinAmerica

C.ox