优质四级真题及答案第1套.docx

优质四级真题及答案第1套.docx

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优质四级真题及答案第1套

SectionB

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

TheGataisusedtofrownwhentheyreceivedpowerbillsthatroutinelytopped$200.LastSeptemberthecouplemovedintoa1,500-square-foothomeinPremierGardens,asubdivisionof95"zero-energyhomes"（ZEH）justoutsidetown.Nowthey'reactuallyeagertoseetheirelectricitybills.Thegrandtotaloverthe10monthsthey'velivedinthethree-bedroomhouse:

$75.Forthepasttwomonthstheyhaven'tpaidacent.

ZEHcommunitiesaretheleadingedgeoftechnologiesthatmightsomedaycreatehousesthatproduceasmuchenergyastheyconsume.PremierGardensisoneofahalf-dozensubdivisionsinCaliforniawhereeveryhomecutspowerconsumptionby50%,mostlybyusinglow-powerappliancesandsolarpanels.

Asidefromthepanelsontheroof,PremierGardenslookslikeacommunityofconventionalhomes.Butinside,specialwindowscutpowerbillsbyblockingsolarheatinsummerandretainingindoorwarmthinwinter.

Therestoftheenergysavingscomesfromthesolarunits.Theydon'tjustfeedthehometheyserve.Iftheygeneratemorepowerthanthehomeisusing,theexcessflowsintotheutility'spowergrid（电网）.Theresidentsarebilledby"netmetering":

theypayfortheamountofpowertheytapoffthegrid,lessthekilowatts（千瓦）theyfeedintoit.Ifahomegeneratesmorepowerthanituses,thebilliszero.

Thatsoundslikeabaddealforthepowercompany,butit'snot.Solarhomesproducethemostpoweronthehotsunnyafternoonswheneveryonerusheshometoturnuptheairconditioner."Ithelpsuslowerusageatpeakpowertimes,"sayssolarexpertMikeKeesee."Thatletsusavoidbuildingcostlyplantsorbuyingexpensivepoweratpeakusagetime."

What'snottolike?

Mostlythecosts.Thespecialfeaturescanadd$25,000ormoretothepurchasepriceofahouse.Taxbreaksbringthecostdown,especiallyinCalifornia,butinmanystatesZEHscanbeprohibitivelyexpensive.Fortheconsumer,it'samatterofpayingnowforthehardwaretosavelaterontheutilities.

58．WhyaretheGataiseagertoseetheirelectricitybillsnow?

A．Theywanttoseehowmuchtheyhavesaved.

B．Theywanttocutdowntheirutilityexpenses.

C．Theywanttoknowiftheyareabletopay.

D．Theywanttoavoidbeingovercharged.

59．WhatisspecialabouttheZEHcommunities?

A．Theyhavecreatedcutting-edgetechnologies.

B．Theyaimtobeself-sufficientinpowersupply.

C．Theyaresubdividedintohalfadozensections.

D．Theyarebuiltinharmonywiththeenvironment.

60．HowaretheresidentsintheZEHcommunitiesbilledforelectricityuse?

A．Theyareonlychargedfortheamountofpowertheyconsumeonrainydays.

B．Theyneedn'tpayasinglecentfortheirpowerconsumptiononsunnydays.

C．Theyonlypayfortheexcesspowerthatflowsintotheutility'spowergrid.

D．Theypayfortheelectricityfromthegridlesstheirhome-generatedpower.

61．Whatdoesthe"netmetering"practicemeantothepowercompany?

A．Morepressureatpeaktime.

B．Lessprofitsintheshortterm.

C．Increasedelectricityoutput.

D．Reducedoperationalcosts.

62．TheauthorbelievesthatbuyingahouseinaZEHcommunity______.

A．isbutadreamforaverageconsumers

B．givestheownersubstantialtaxbenefits

C．isaworthyinvestmentinthelongrun

D．contributestoenvironmentalprotection

Romanticlovehasclearevolutionaryrootsbutourviewsaboutwhatmakesanidealromanticrelationshipcanbeswayedbythesocietywelivein.SosayspsychologistMaureenO'SullivanfromtheUniversityofSanFrancisco.Shesuggeststhathumanshavealwaystriedtostrengthenthepair-bondtomaximise（使最大化）reproductivesuccess.

Manysocietiesthroughouthistoryandaroundtheworldtodayhavecultivatedstrongpressurestostaymarried.Inthosewheretiestofamilyandcommunityarestrong,lifelongmarriagescanbepromotedbypracticessuchastheculturalprohibitionofdivorceandarrangedmarriagesthatareseenasacontractbetweentwofamilies,notjusttwoindividuals.Inmodernwesternsocieties,however,thefocusonindividualityandindependencemeansthatpeoplearelessconcernedaboutconformingto（遵守）thedictatesoffamilyandculture.Intheabsenceofsocietalpressurestomaintainpair-bonds,O'Sullivansuggeststhatromanticlovehasincreasinglycometobeseenasthefactorthatshoulddeterminewhowestaywithandforhowlong."That'swhyhistoricallyweseeanincreaseinromanticloveasabasisforforminglong-termrelationships,"shesays.

AccordingtoO'Sullivanculturealsoshapesthesortsoffeelingsweexpecttohave,andactuallydoexperience,wheninlove.Althoughthenegativeemotionsassociatedwithromanticlove—fearofloss,disappointmentandjealousy—arefairlyconsistentacrosscultures,thepositivefeelingscanvary."IfyouaskJapanesestudentstolistthepositiveattributestheyexpectinaromanticpartner,theyratehighlythingslikeloyalty,commitmentanddevotion,"saysO'Sullivan."IfyouaskAmericancollegewomen,theyexpecteverythingunderthesun:

inadditiontobeingcommitted,partnershavetobeamusing,funnyandafriend."

Wejudgeapotentialpartneraccordingtoourspecificculturalexpectationsaboutwhatromanticloveshouldfeellike.Ifyoubelievethatyouhavefoundtrueromance,andyourculturetellsyouthatthisiswhatalong-termrelationshipshouldbebasedon,thereislessneedtorelyonsocialorfamilypressurestokeepcouplestogether,O'Sullivanargues.

63．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeople'sviewsofanidealromanticrelationship?

A．Theyvaryfromculturetoculture.

B．Theyensurethereproductivesuccess.

C．Theyreflecttheevolutionaryprocess.

D．Theyareinfluencedbypsychologists.

64．Wecaninferfromthepassagethatstrongfamilyandcommunityties______.

A．largelyrelyonmarriagecontracts

B．cancontributetostablemarriages

C．oftenruncountertoromanticlove

D．makedivorcesvirtuallyunacceptable

65．Withoutsocialpressurestokeeppair-bonds,romanticlove______.

A．willbeasubstituteformarriageinhumanrelationships

B．playsakeyroleinmaintaininglong-termrelationships

C．islikelytoreplacethedictatesoffamilyandsociety

D．isawaytodevelopindividualityandindependence

66．O'Sullivanbelievesthatwhenpeoplefromdifferentculturesfallinlove,______.

A．theyexpectdifferentthingsfromtheirpartner

B．theytendtoexaggerateeachother'spositivequalities

C．theyoftenfailtoseeeachother'snegativequalities

D．theylaymoreemphasisoncommitmentanddevotion

67．Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat______.

A．culturaldifferencesoftentearapartafamilybuiltonromanticlove

B．marriagesarehardtosustainwithoutsocialorfamilypressures

C．romanticloveisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinfamilyrelationships

D．romanticlovetendstoyieldwherefamilyorsocialpressuresarestrong

PassageOne

Questions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV（orasimilardistraction）canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdisparity（差异）suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.“Hungerisn’tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal,”Brunstromsays.“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought.”Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame380-calorie（卡路里）milkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones（荷尔蒙）,dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey’dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?

Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltotrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefitsoffocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpuscontrolourappetite,Brunstromsays.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56.Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?

A）Howweperceivethefoodweeat.C）Whenweeatourmeals.

B）Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.D）Howfastweeatourmeals.

57.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?

A）Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.

B）Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.

C）Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.

D）Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.

58.Whatdo