配套k12学习英语高三一轮复习系列外研学案导学版文档第二部分 重难增分篇 第二讲.docx
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配套k12学习英语高三一轮复习系列外研学案导学版文档第二部分重难增分篇第二讲
第二讲 非谓语动词
第一课时 知识过关课
分类
复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点:
1.句法作用(除谓语外的其他成分)
种类
具有下列词类之特征
在句中的作用
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
名词、形容词、副词
√
√
√
√
√
√
-ing形式
动名词
名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
分词
形容词、副词
√
√
√
√
-ed形式(过去分词)
2.时态和语态(以do为例)
不定式
-ing形式
过去分词
主动
一般式
todo
doing
done是唯一形式
进行时
tobedoing
完成时
tohavedone
havingdone
被动
一般式
tobedone
beingdone
完成式
tohavebeendone
havingbeendone
时态与语态的判断方法:
3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语
充当句子成分
宾语和表语
状语
定语
宾补
逻辑主语
句子的主语
所修饰的词
句子的宾语
4.有特殊要求的动词或动词短语
(1)有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。
如ask,demand(要求),plan,intend,mean(计划),manage,do/tryone’sbest,makeanattempt,learn(学习),wish,hope,desire,expect,long,want,wouldlike,shouldlike,wouldprefer(希望、愿意),agree,promise(同意),decide,determine,choose,makeadecision,makeupone’smind(决定),offer(主动提出),apply(申请),help(帮助),fail(不能、没有),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),refuse(拒绝),happen(碰巧),afford(负担得起)等。
(2)有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。
如allow,permit(允许),consider(考虑),suggest,advise(建议),keep(on)(反复;不停),finish(完成),imagine(想象),practise(练习),understand(明白),appreciate,enjoy(喜欢),miss(错过;怀念),prevent(阻止),forbid(禁止),escape(避免),include(包括),forgive,pardon,excuse(原谅),dislike(厌恶),discuss(讨论),report(报道),admit(承认),mind(介意),risk(冒险),can’tstand(不能忍受),burstout(突然开始),feellike(想要),insiston(坚持),delay(推迟,延误),putoff(推迟),giveup(放弃),bebusy(忙于),beworth(值得)等。
(3)下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同:
remembertodo(记住去做),rememberdoing(记得做过);forgettodo(忘记去做),forgetdoing(忘记做过);regrettodo(遗憾地做),regretdoing(后悔做了);trytodo(设法做),trydoing(试做);goontodo(接着做另一事),goondoing(继续做同一事);meantodo(打算做),meandoing(意味着);stoptodo(停下来去做),stopdoing(停止做);can’thelptodo(不能帮助做),can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)。
(4)在介词后一般用动名词,下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略):
prevent/stop/keep...fromdoing(阻止……做……);spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing(在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱);How/Whataboutdoingsth(做……怎么样?
);havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing(在做……方面有些困难);haveahardtimeindoingsth(做某事很艰难);thereisnosenseindoing(做……是没有理由/道理的);thank/excuse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punishsbfordoingsth(因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。
(5)to是介词的固定词组很多,常见的有:
lookforwardto(盼望),devote...to/bedevotedto(致力于),be/getusedto(习惯),leadto(导致),getdownto(开始认真),payattentionto(注意),referto(谈到),pointto(指向),turnto(转向),objectto(反对),beequalto(等于,能胜任),belongto(属于)等。
(6)在表示“需要”的need,want,require等后用v.-ing的主动式表示被动含义,此时也可用不定式的被动式。
(7)在make,let,have(使,让)等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号to,但在被动语态后作主补时要加上to。
在hear,see,watch等感官动词后,作宾补时,用原形表示动作全过程;用现在分词表示当时动作正在发生;若是被动语态,原形前要加上to。
此外,表示情感的动词,其分词作形容词用时,v.-ing表示“令人……的”事物;v.-ed表示“感到……的”。
如:
surprising令人吃惊的(事物);surprised(人)感到吃惊的。
读语篇,悟语法。
反复朗读下列短文,留意领悟黑体画线的非谓语动词。
思考:
是哪类非谓语动词,在句中作什么成分。
Goodafternoon,Ladiesandgentlemen.Itisagreathonorformetointroduce[1]thisEnglishspeechcontest.Asweallknow,tomaster[2]aforeignlanguageisveryimportantforus.Takingpart[3]inEnglishspeechisahelpfulwaytolearnEnglish[4].Everyonewantstoshow[5]theirbest.Whenwehavebeenpreparingforit,wecanimproveourlisteningandspeaking[6]ability,developing[7]agoodhabitoflearningEnglish[8].
Intheprocessofthecompetition,youshouldpayattentiontotherulesmadebyus[9].First,youshouldmakeyourvoiceheard[10]clearlybyeveryone,soreadingaloud[11]isverynecessary.Second,youshouldtryyourbesttoexpress[12]yourselfinEnglishfluently.Finally,youshouldfinishyourspeechinfiveminutes.
IamsuretheEnglishspeechcompetitionwillbeagreatsuccessandtheaudiencewillfeelsatisfied[13]withourperformance.Thankyou!
1.tointroducethisEnglishspeechcontest是不定式作真正的主语,it是形式主语。
2.tomasteraforeignlanguage也是不定式作主语。
3.TakingpartinEnglishspeech是动名词短语作主语。
4.tolearnEnglish是不定式作定语,修饰way。
5.toshowtheirbest是不定式作宾语,在want,hope,decide等动词后,若用动词作宾语,只能用不定式。
6.listeningandspeaking是动名词作定语,修饰ability,表示类别。
7.developingagoodhabitoflearningEnglish是现在分词短语作状语。
8.learningEnglish是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。
9.madebyus是过去分词短语作后置定语。
10.heardclearlybyeveryone是过去分词短语作宾补。
11.readingaloud是动名词短语作主语。
12.toexpressyourselfinEnglishfluently是不定式作目的状语。
13.satisfied是过去分词作形容词,在句中作表语,意为“感到满意的”。
Ⅰ.单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空)
1.Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,wearing(wear)sunglasses.
2.Inoticedamansitting(sit)atthefront.
3.Hespatitout,saying(say)itwasawful.
4.Shewishedthathewasaseasytoplease(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.
5.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacroptohelp(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.
6.Simonmadeabigbambooboxtokeep(keep)thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.
7.Hisfirstbooktobepublished(publish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
8.Lydiadoesn’tfeellikestudying(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.
9.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,saying(say)nothingabouttheargument.
10.Ihadgreatdifficultyfinding(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.
11.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,causing(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.
12.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandweighing(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.
13.Ican’tstandworking(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostop(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.
14.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedrepairing/toberepaired(repair).
15.Isn’tittimeyougotdowntomarking(mark)thepapers?
16.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosetting(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.
17.TsinghuaUniversity,founded(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.
18.LiJianputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimselfreminded(remind)ofhisowndreams.
19.Offered(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhadgotachancetobecomefamous.
20.Clairehadherluggagechecked(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.
21.Alexandertriedtogethisworkrecognized(recognize)inthemedicalcircles.
22.Agreatnumberofstudentsquestioned(question)saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.
Ⅱ.单句改错(下列每句中最多有两处错误,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改,请指出并改正。
)
动词不定式
1.Hemanagedescapefromthefire.在manage后加to
2.Nothingwillmakemetochangemymind.去掉to
3.Marydoesn’thavetobemadelearnbecauseshealwaysworkshard.在bemade后加to
4.Hehurriedtothetrainstation,onlyfindthetrainhadgone.在find前加to
5.Tiredfromwork,hewantstodonothingbuttowatchTV.去掉watch前的to
6.Atpresent,Ihavenochoicebutwait.在but后加to
7.Youfeelstressedout.Whynothavingachatwithourteachers?
having→have
8.Idon’tthinkitpossibletomasteringaforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.mastering→master
9.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatexpectinmynewjob.在expect前加to
10.Allofyoucanhaveanothertryifyouwant.在want后加to
动词-ing形式
11.Inourcity,therearealotofrestaurantsthatservingwesternfood.去掉that/serving→serve
12.Youcan’timaginehowexciteditistolistentotopscientistssharetheirpredictiononwhattheworldwillbelikeinacentury.excited→exciting
13.Sitbesideme,mybeloveddaughtergavemeavividdescriptionofwhatsheexperiencedinherdream.Sit→Sitting
14.Wewerekepttowaitingforquitealongtimebeforethehostturnedup.去掉waiting前的to
15.OntheDragonBoatFestival,wesawtheseashorecrowdedwithpeoplewatchedthedragonboatrace.watched→watching
16.Itisnogoodcopytheanswerwithouttryingtounderstandit.copy→copying
17.Missingthetrainmeanwaitingforanotherhour.mean→means
18.Themajorityofthepeoplequestionedinanonlinesurveyareopposedtoincreaseretirementage.increase→increasing
19.Asasenior3studentpreparingforthecomingtest,hespendsmostofhistimeimprovethisproblem-solvingability.improve→improving
20.Itisreportedthatthehurricanecausedgreatdamagetotheconstructionsofthetown,withtensofhundredsofhousesdestroyedbythefallentrees.fallen→falling
动词-ed形式
21.NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludingaswell.including→included
22.Exhausting,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.Exhausting→Exhausted
23.Thepaintingsbeingstolenfromthemuseumhaven’tbeenfound.去掉stolen前的being
24.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstyingbehind.tying→tied
25.Mr.Smith,tiredoftheboredspeech,startedtoreadanovel.bored→boring
26.Seeingfromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Seeing→Seen
27.Thearchitectsinvitingbythekingthoughthighlyofthebridgebuilt,andgavemoresuggestionsbeforeitwasfinished.inviting→invited;在built前加being
28.Keepinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Keep→Kept
29.Doyouthinktheworkerscangetthejobfinishingontime?
finishing→finished
30.Wehearitsayfrequentlythatwhatnowpeoplemostdesireissecurity.say→said
Ⅲ.语篇填空(用所给动词的正确形式填空)
1.(fall)inlovewithabeautifullady,alionwenttoherparentsandaskedthem2.(marry)hertohim.Theoldparentsdidnotknowwhattosay.
Not3.(hope)togivetheirdaughtertothelion,theydidnotwant4.(anger)thekingofbeasts.
Atlastthefathersaid,“Weareglad5.(marry)ourdaughtertoyou,butwefearthatyoumightpossiblyhurther.So6.(remove)yourclawsandteeth,youcanmarryher.”
7.(love)theladyverymuch,theliontrimmed(修剪)hisclawsandtookouthisbigteeth.8.(come)totheparentsagain,hewassimplylaughedinhisface.9.(beat)outofthehouse,thelionfelt10.(depress)anddiedsoon.
【语篇导读】 这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。
寓意:
有些人轻易相信别人的话,抛弃自己的长处,结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。
1.Falling [alion与fall是主动关系,用v.-ing形式作状语,表示原因。
]
2.tomarry [asksbtodosth,不定式作宾补。
]
3.hoping [they与hope是主动关系,用v.-ing形式作状语,表示让步,相当于Althoughtheydidn’thopeto...]
4.toanger [want后只能用不定式作宾语,意为“不想激怒百兽之王”。
]
5.tomarry [在作表语的形容词glad后作状语,表示原因,只能用不定式。
]
6.removing [you与remove是主动关系,用v.-ing形式作状语,表示条件,相当于ifyoure