CPA会计英语第五单元完整版.docx

CPA会计英语第五单元完整版.docx

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CPA会计英语第五单元完整版

Unit5SpecialIssues

Governmentgrants

Definition

Agovernmentgrantisdefinedasassistance,intheformofcashorotherassets,giveninreturnforcompliancewithcertainconditionsrelatingtotheenterprise’soperations.

Accountingtreatment

Anentityshouldnotrecognizegovernmentgrants（includingnon-monetarygrantsatfairvalue）untilithasreasonableassurancethat:

⏹Theentitywillcomplywithanyconditionsattachedtothegrant

⏹Theentitywillactuallyreceivethegrant

IAS20requiresgrantstoberecognizedundertheincomeapproach（收益法）,i.e.grantsarerecognizedasincomeovertherelevantperiodstomatchthemwithrelatedcostswhichtheyhavebeenreceivedtocompensate.Thisshouldbedoneonasystematicbasisofmatching.

Grantsrelatedtoassets:

Setupthegrantasdeferredincome

Example:

EuropeLimitedbuysabuildingforatotalcostof$200,000.TheyreceiveaEuropeanCommunitygrantof$60,000towardsthecostandpaythenetof$140,000bycheck.Theusefuleconomiclifeofthebuildingisestimatedat50years.

Underthedeferredincome（递延收益）method:

DrNCA200,000

CrCash140,000

CrDeferredIncome60,000

Depreciation（折旧）=200,000/50=4,000pa

AmortizationofGovernmentgrant（政府补助的摊销）=60,000/50=1,200pa

DrDeferredincome1,200

CrGrantincome1,200

（营业外收入）

Grantsrelatedtoincome:

1.Ifexpenditurealreadyincurred:

DrGrantReceivable

$x

CrGrantIncome

$x

2.Ifexpenditureistobeincurredinthefuture:

DrGrantReceivable

$x

CrDeferredIncome

$x

DrDeferredIncome

$x

CrGrantIncome

$x

Borrowingcosts

Borrowingcostscomprisetheinterestandothercostsincurredbyanenterpriseinborrowingfunds：

Interestexpensecalculatedusingtheeffectiveinterestrate

Financechargesinrespectoffinanceleases

Exchangedifferences

借款费用是企业因借入资金所付出的代价，包括借款利息、折价或者溢价的摊销、辅助费用以及因外币借款而发生的汇兑差额等。

承租人确认的融资租赁发生的融资费用属于借款费用。

Theymaybebasedonspecificallyborrowedfunds（专门借款）orontheweightedaveragecost（加权平均成本）ofageneralborrowings（一般借款）.

Qualifyingassetsareassetsthattakeasubstantialperiodoftimetogetreadyforitsintendeduseorsale.

符合资本化条件的资产是指需要经过相当长时间的构建或者生产活动才能达到预定可使用或者可销售状态的资产。

Accountingtreatment

1.Otherborrowingcosts,suchasinterestcostonfundsborrowedforoperations,shouldbeexpensedwhenincurred.

2.Borrowingcostsdirectlyincurredonaqualifyingassetcanbecapitalizedaspartofthecostofthatasset.

企业发生的借款费用可直接归属于符合资本化条件的资产构建或者生产的，应当予以资本化，计入相关资产成本。

其他借款费用应当在发生时根据其发生额确认为费用，计入当期损益。

Capitalizationshould:

Startwhenexpenditureontheassetisbeingincurred,borrowingcostsarebeingincurredandactivitiesareinprogressthatarenecessarytopreparetheassetforitsintendeduseorsale

借款费用允许开始资本化必须同时满足三个条件，即资产支出已经发生、借款费用已经发生、为使资产达到预定可使用或者可销售状态所必要的构建或者生产活动已经开始。

Besuspendedwhenactivitydevelopmentisinterrupted

中国：

发生非正常中断且中断时间连续超过3个月的，利息费用的资本化应当暂停。

Ceasewhensubstantiallyalltheactivitiesnecessarytopreparetheassetforitsintendeduseorsalearecompleted

当使资产达到预定可使用或者可销售状态的生产活动实质上已经完成时，借款费用应当停止资本化。

IncomeTaxes所得税

Accountingprofit会计利润

Taxableprofit应纳税利润

CurrentTax当期所得税

Deferredtax递延所得税

Deferredtaxliability递延所得税负债

Deferredtaxasset递延所得税资产

Permanentdifferences永久性差异

Temporarydifferences暂时性差异

Taxabletemporarydifferences应纳税暂时性差异

Deductibletemporarydifferences可抵扣暂时性差异

Taxbase纳税基础

Accountingprofitsformthebasisforcomputingtaxableprofits,onwhichthetaxliabilityfortheyeariscalculated;however,accountingprofitsandtaxableprofitsaredifferent.Therearetworeasonsforthedifferences.

Permanentdifferences.Thoseoccurwhencertainitemsrevenueorexpenseareexcludedfromthecomputationoftaxableprofits.

Temporarydifferences.Thoseoccurwhenitemsofrevenueorexpenseareincludedinbothaccountingprofitsandtaxableprofits,butnotforthesameaccountingperiod.Inthelongrun,thetotaltaxableprofitsandtotalaccountingprofitswillbethesamesothattimingdifferencesoriginateinoneperiodandarecapableofreversalinoneormoresubsequentperiods.Deferredtaxisthetaxattributabletotemporarydifferences.

Taxabletemporarydifferences,whicharetemporarydifferencesthatwillresultintaxableamountsindeterminingtaxableprofit（taxloss）offutureperiodswhenthecarryingamountoftheassetorliabilityisrecoveredorsettled.

Taxabletemporarydifferencesgiverisetoadeferredtaxliability

Deductibletemporarydifferences,whicharetemporarydifferencesthatwillresultinamountsthataredeductibleindeterminingtaxableprofit（taxloss）offutureperiodswhenthecarryingamountoftheassetorliabilityisrecoveredorsettled.

Deductibletemporarydifferencesgiverisetoadeferredtaxasset.Prudencedict