精品推荐XX届高考二轮复习英语学习型教学案专题十九 阅读理解.docx

精品推荐XX届高考二轮复习英语学习型教学案专题十九 阅读理解.docx

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精品推荐XX届高考二轮复习英语学习型教学案专题十九阅读理解

（精品推荐）XX届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题十九阅读理解

　　（精品推荐）XX届高考二轮复习英语学案--专题十九阅读理解

　　【典例精析】

　　（XX。

北京卷）c

　　HowRoomDesignsAffectourworkandFeelings

　　Architectshavelonghadthefeelingthattheplacesweliveincanaffectourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviors.Butnowscientistsaregivingthisfeelinganempirical（经验的，实证的）basis.Theyarediscoveringhowtodesignspacesthatpromotecreativity,keeppeoplefocusedandleadtorelaxation.

　　Researchesshowthataspectsofthephysicalenvironmentcaninfluencecreativity.InXX,joanmeyers-LevyattheUniversityofminnesota,reportedthattheheightofaroom'sceilingaffectshowpeoplethink.Herresearchindicatesthathigherceilingsencouragepeopletothinkmorefreely,whichmayleadthemtomakemoreabstractconnections.Lowceilings,ontheotherhand,mayinspireamoredetailedoutlook.

　　Inadditionstoceilingheight,theviewaffordedbyabuildingmayinfluenceanoccupant'sabilitytoconcentrate.NancywellsandhercolleaguesatcornellUniversityfoundintheirstudythatkidswhoexperiencedthegreatestincreaseingreennessasaresultofafamilymovemadethemostgainsonastandardtestofattention.

　　Usingnaturetoimprovefocusofattentionoughttopayoff

　　academically,anditseemsto,accordingtoastudyledbyc.kennethTanner,headoftheSchoolDesign&PlanningLaboratoryattheUniversityofGeorgia.Tannerandhisteamfoundthatstudentsinclassroomswithunblockedviewsofatleast50feetoutsidethewindowhadhigherscoresontestsofvocabulary,languageartsandmathsthandidstudentswhoseclassroomsprimarilyoverlookedroadsandparkinglots.

　　Recentstudyonroomlightingdesignsuggeststhandim（暗淡的）lighthelpspeopletoloosenup.Ifthatistruegenerally,keepingthelightlowduringdinneroratpartiescouldincreaserelaxation.ResearchersofHarvardmedicalSchoolalsodiscoveredthatfurniturewithroundededgescouldhelpvisitorsrelax.

　　Sofarscientistshavefocusedmainlyonpublicbuildings."wehaveaverylimitednumberofstudies,sowe'realmostlookingattheproblemthroughastraw（吸管）,"architectDavidAllisonsays."Howdoyoutakeanswerstoveryspecificquestionsandmakebroad,generalizeduseofthem?

That'swhatwe'reallstrugglingwith."

　　whatdoesjoanmeyers-Levyfocusoninherresearch?

　　A.Light.

　　B.ceilings.

　　c.windows.

　　D.Furniture.

　　【解析】B细节理解题。

根据第二段内容可知joanmeyers-Levyfocusonceilings.

　　Thepassagetellsusthat______.

　　A.theshapeoffurnituremayaffectpeople'sfeelings

　　B.lowerceilingsmayhelpimprovestudents'creativity

　　c.childreninadimclassroommayimprovetheirgrades

　　D.studentsinroomswithunblockedviewsmayfeelrelaxed

　　【解析】A细节判断题。

根据文中内容可知B,c和D均是错误的。

　　Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymeansthat______.

　　A.theproblemisnotapproachedstepbystep

　　B.theresearchessofarhavefaultsinthemselves

　　c.theproblemistoodifficultforresearcherstodetect

　　D.researchinthisareaisnotenoughtomakegeneralizedpatterns

　　【解析】D句意猜测题。

根据划线句子后面的一句话可以知道该题的正确答案为:

D。

　　67.whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?

　　cP:

centralPoint

　　P:

Point

　　SP:

Sub-point（次要点）

　　c:

conclusion

　　【解析】c考查结构。

注意解题技巧。

第一段为总要点，最后一段为结论，要点123共同服务于结论，重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。

综上分析可知答案为:

c。

　　（XX.天津卷）A

　　Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways.Quiteoftenthereisnoofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople.Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname.Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames:

oneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment.Asinmanyareas,oldhabitsdiedhard,andtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost.

　　manyroadsandplacesinSingapore（新加坡）arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegenerations.ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace.Thisisinkeepingwithtraditionsinmanycountries----inboththewestandtheEast.

　　Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces.Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter.ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases.IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillycircus----obviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel.

　　Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces.BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample,“BaseBasah”means“wetrice”inmalay（马来语）.Nowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoad“wetRiceRoad”?

Thereasonissimple.Duringthepioneeringdays,wetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad.

　　AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes.Thereis“circularRoad”forone.otherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapes,like“PayaLebarcrescent”.Thisroadiscalledacrescent（月牙）becauseitbeginsonthemainroad,makesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain.

　　36.welearnfromParagraph1that_____.

　　A.thegovernmentisusuallythefirsttonameaplace

　　B.manyplacestendtohavemorethanonename

　　c.aceremonywillbeheldwhenaplaceisnamed

　　D.peopleprefertheplacenamesgivenbythegovernment

　　【解析】B推理理解题。

由“Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames”可知。

　　37.whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“diehard”inParagraph1probablymean?

　　A.changesuddenly.

　　B.changesignificantly.

　　c.Disappearmysteriously.

　　D.Disappearveryslowly.

　　【解析】D词义猜测题。

根据下文“theplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost”可知。

　　38.whichofthefollowingplacesisnamedafteraperson?

　　A.RafflesPlace.

　　B.SelectorAirbase.

　　c.Piccadillycircus.

　　D.PayaLebarcrescent.

　　【解析】A细节理解。

答案见第二自然段。

　　39.BrasBasahRoadisnamed_______.

　　A.afteraperson

　　B.afteraplace

　　c.afteranactivity

　　D.byitsshape

　　【解析】c细节理解题。

见第四自然段前两行。

　　40.whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

　　A.SomeplacenamesinSingaporearethesameasinBritain.

　　B.SomeplacesinSingaporearenamedformilitarypurposes.

　　c.ThewaySingaporeansnametheirplacesisunique.

　　D.youngSingaporeanshaveforgottenthepioneers.

　　【解析】A推理判断题。

由本文第一句话“Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways.”可推知。

　　【专题突破】考生在做阅读理解题时要把握考查五大要点：

1.主旨大意类；2.细节理解类；3.推理判断类；4.词义猜测类；5.观点态度类等五大类别，然后每种类别采用不同的做题技巧来突破。

具体说：

　　．主旨大意类

　　技巧：

1）抓住解题的关键----主题句和主题段。

主题句经常出现在的开头或结尾之处，也有可能出现在文中，主题段通常在的开头用来交待的中心意思，然后在全段或全文中展开主题；2）准确了解结构，确切把握的脉络，然后利于阅读技巧，快速排除干扰信息，概括的大意和主题，确定正确选项。

　　2.细节理解类

　　）细节理解题的解题原则是：

要选择的答案一定要在原文中找到相关的词、词组、句子或段落。

选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息，而绝不可根据自己的主观假设及推测或是自己的观点来决定；）2）在阅读过程中对涉及到who，when，where，how，why等常考的细节内容做适当标记，以便于解题时迅速、准确地查找。

3）根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选择要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。

　　3.推理判断类

　　）做这类题时，应在理解全文的基础上，从本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断；2）要注意抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解内容，注意结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会的常识，仔细推敲，合理判断。

　　4.词义猜测类

　　联系语境，利用上文提供的解释或说明猜测词义。

一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的意思，只有在一定的语言环境中，才能确定出词汇或语句的意义。

　　5.观点态度类

　　回答这类问题应该从篇章的体裁着手。

一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的（objective）或中立的（neutral）；而在议论文中作者的观点才会显得多种多样。

常见的词以及态度的短语有：

positive；negative（否定的）；neutral（中立的）；approval（赞同的）；disapproval（不赞同的）；indifferent（冷淡的）；sarcastic（讽刺的）；critical（批评的）；optimistic（乐观的）；pessimistic（悲观的）；authoritative（有权威的）；objective（客观的）；subjective（主观的）；doubtful（怀疑的）；compromising（妥协的）等等。

　　判断作者的态度时也可以从中带有感情色彩的名词、动词、形容词或副词等，也可以根据作者举的例子来判断。

　　阅读理解:

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、c和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　A

　　Imagineyou’reatapartyfullofstrangers.you’renervous.whoarethesepeople?

Howdoyoustartaconversation?

Fortunately,you’vegotathingthatsendsoutenergyattinychipsineveryone’snametag.Thechipssendbackname,job,hobbies,andthetimeavailableformeeting-whatever.makingnewfriendsbecomessimple

　　Thishasn’tquitehappenedinreallife.ButtheworldisalreadyexperiencingarevolutionusingRFIDtechnology.

　　AnRFIDtagwithatinychipcanbefixedinaproduct,underyourpet’sskin,evenunderyourownskin.PassiveRFIDtagshavenoenergysource-batteriesbecausetheydonotneedit.Theenergycomesfromthereader,ascanningdevice,thatsendsoutenergythatstartsupthetagimmediately.

　　Suchatagcarriesinformationspecifictothatobject,andthedatacanbeupdated.Already,RFIDtechnologyisusedforrecognizingeachcarortruckontheroadanditmightappearinyourpassport.Doctorscanputatinychipundertheskinthatwillhelplocateandobtainapatient’smedicalrecords.AtanightclubinParisorinNewyorkthesamechipgetsyouintotheVIPsectionandpaysforthebillwiththewaveofanarm.

　　Takeastepback:

10or12yearsago,youwouldhaveheardaboutthecomingageofcomputing.oneexamplealwaysseemedtosurface:

yourrefrigeratorwouldknowwhenyouneededtobuymoremilk.Theconceptwasthatcomputerchipscouldbeputeverywhereandsendinformationinasmartnetworkthatwouldmakeordinarylifesimpler

　　RFIDtagsareasmallpartofthisphenomenon.“Theworldisgoingtobealooselycoupledsetofindividualsmalldevices,connectedwirelessly,”predictsDr.j.Reich.Humanrightsupportersarenervousaboutthepossibilitiesofsuchtechnology.ItgoestoofartrackingschoolkidsthroughRFIDtags,theysay.weimagineaworldinwhichabeercompanycouldfindoutnotonlywhenyouboughtabeerbutalsowhenyoudrankit.Andhowmanybeers.Accompaniedbyhowmanybiscuits.whenmarconiinventedradio,hethoughtitwouldbeusedforship-to-shorecommunication.Notforpopmusic.whoknowshowRFIDandrelatedtechnologieswillbeusedinthefuture.Here’sawildguess:

Notforbuyingmilk.

　　.Thearticleisintendedto_______.

　　A.warnpeopleofthepossiblerisksinadoptingRFIDtechnology

　　B.explainthebenefitsbroughtaboutbyRFIDtechnology

　　c.convincepeopleoftheusesofRFIDtechnology

　　D.predicttheapplicationsofRFIDtechnology

　　2.weknowfromthepassagethatwiththehelpofRFIDtags,people_______.

　　A.willhavenotroublegettingdataaboutothers

　　B.willhavemoreenergyforconversation

　　c.willhavemoretimetomakefriends

　　D.won’tfeelshyatpartiesanylonger

　　3.PassiveRFIDtagschieflyconsistof______.

　　A.scanningdevices

　　B.radiowaves

　　c.batteries

　　D.chips

　　4.whyaresomepeopleworriedaboutRFIDtechnology?

　　A.Becausechildrenwillbetrackedbystrangers.

　　B.Becausemarketcompetitionwillbecomemorefierce.

　　c.Becausetheirprivateliveswillbegreatlyaffected.

　　D.Becausecustomerswillbeforcedtobuymoreproducts.

　　5.ThelastparagraphimpliesthatRFIDtechnology

　　.

　　A.willnotbeusedforsuchmattersasbuyingmilk

　　B.willbewidelyused,includingforbuyingmilk

　　c.willbelimitedtocommunicationuses

　　D.willprobablybeusedforpopmusic

　　B

　　Itisdifficultfordoctorstohelpapersonwithadamagedbrainwithoutenoughblood,thebrainlivesforonlythreetofiveminutesmoreoftenthedoctorscan’tfixthedamageSometimestheyareafraidtotrysomethingtohelpbecauseitisdangeroustoworkonthebrainThedoctorsmightmakethepersonworseifheoperatesonthebrain

　　Dr.Robertwhite,afamousprofessoranddoctor,think