英语阅读理解.docx
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英语阅读理解
例1：
Choosethemostgeneralword.
A）chemist
B）physicist
C）scientist
D）biologist
该问题要求找出最有概括力的词。
Cscientist符合题意,因为它包括了chemist,physicist和biologist,而A,B和D都指某一具体学科的科学家,不能概括其他词。
因此,scientist最具有概括性。
例2：
Choosethemostgeneralsentence.
A）Thehotelofferscomplimentarycoffeefrom7to10a.m.daily.
B）TherearemanyreasonswhyguestsfeelathomeattheGloriettaBayInn.
C）Thecoin-operatedlaundryroomhasanironingboard.
D）ThereareanumberofextraservicesattheGloriettaBayInnincludingbaby-sitting.
A,C,D都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况,相互间并无联系。
而B却概括了A,C,D共性的东西,即：
为什么旅客在这家旅馆里有宾至如归的感觉。
因此,B符合题意。
倘若在一段文章里包含了以上A,B,C,D几条信息,那么B就是本段的中心思想。
同样,如果在一段文章中,作者分几段来叙述几方面的内容,那这些段落所要说明的问题就是本文的中心思想。
例3：
Readthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestcentralthought.
SugarhistoryintheHawaiianIslandsisfilledwithpioneering.Insailingshipdays,Hawaiiansugargrowersweremanymonthsfromsourcesofsuppliesandfrommarkets.ThisisolationbuiltupamongtheHawaiiangrowersanenduringspiritofcooperation.Growerssharedwithoneanotherimprovementsinproduction.Withoutgovernmentaidofanysort,theybuiltgreatirrigationprojects.Withoutgovernmenthelp,theysetuptheirownresearchandexperimentorganization.Pioneeringtogetherovertheyears,theyhaveprovidedHawaiiwithitslargestindustry.
A）Insailingdays,Hawaiiansugargrowersweremanymonthsawayfromsuppliesandmarkets.
B）Hawaiiansugargrowersbuilttheirgreatindustrywithoutgovernmenthelp.
C）Hawaiiansugargrowershavesetuptheirownresearchorganizationandhavesharedimprovements.
D）Bypioneeringtogether,sugargrowershaveprovidedHawaiiwithitslargestindustry.
A,B,C只是文章中的具体内容,作为主题思想面太窄了。
只有D才概括了全文要说明的问题,因此,D是本文的主要思想。
要求抓住主题思想的另一种形式是为短文选择合适的标题。
例4：
Readthefollowingandchoosethetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthepassage.
Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices.Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand.Supplymeanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoods.Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods.Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted,thepriceofthemfalls.Ontheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesupply,thenpricerises.Ofcoursemanufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices.
A）EconomicPrinciples
B）LawofSupplyandDemand
C）MoreGoods,LowerPrices
D）FewerGoods,HigherPrices
该问题中,A泛指经济规律,面过宽；C和D只是供需规则的两个单独方面,不能包含全部,面太窄。
正确答案是B,因为这正是短文自始至终讨论的主题。
例5：
Readthefollowingpassageandselectthemostappropriatetitle:
Accordingtolegend,thegodsoftheancientGreekslivedinthecloudsonthetopofMountOlympus.Zeus,thefatherofthegods,carriedaboltoflightninginhishandandruledlikeanearthlyking.Apollowasthesungodandhisbeamsweregoldenarrows;heshieldedtheflocksofsheepandthefieldsofgrain.Athenawasthewarriorgoddess,standinginshiningarmorreadytoprotecttheGreekcities.Therewereothergodsaswell,allwithfamiliarhumancharacteristics,buttheseweretheleadinggods.
A）TheGodsoftheAncientGreeks
B）TheLegendoftheSkyGodZeus
C）BeliefsoftheAncientGreeks
D）ReligionsofthePast
该问题中,B只是文中提到的一个具体内容,作为主题思想面太窄了。
C和D是泛指,面太宽。
只有A才概括了全文要说明的问题,是全文的主题。
例6：
Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.Over70percentoftheworld'sradioprogramsareinEnglish.
本段主题句为首句,其后的内容均说明首句。
例7：
Letusconsiderhowvoicetrainingmaycontributetopersonalitydevelopmentandanimprovedsocialadjustment.Inthefirstplace,ithasbeenfairlywellestablishedthatindividualstendtobecomewhattheybelieveotherpeoplethinkthemtobe.Whenpeoplereactmorefavorablytowardusbecauseourvoicesconveytheimpressionthatwearefriendly,competent,andinteresting,thereisastrongtendencyforustodevelopthosequalitiesinourpersonality.Ifwearetreatedwithrespectbyothers,wesooncometohavemorerespectforourselves.Then,too,one'sownconsciousnessofhavingapleasant,effectivevoiceofwhichhedoesnotneedtobeashamedcontributesmateriallytoafeelingofpoise（泰然自若）,self-confidence,andajustprideinhimself.Agoodvoice,likegoodclothescandomuchforanego（自我）thatotherwisemightbeinclinedtodroop（萎靡）.
Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis________.
A）OurEgo
B）TheReflectionofOurPersonality
C）HowtoAcquireaPleasantVoice
D）VoiceTraininginPersonalityDevelopment
作者一开始就说明发声训练对个性发展和人的社会化可能产生的作用。
接着,分别
由inthefirstplace及then引出两个具体的方面展开讨论。
第一个要点下又分别由when和if引出两个细节加以论证。
结尾一句总括全段,与首句呼应。
不难看出,主题句是第一句,正确答案应选D。
另外,要特别注意上例中提到的inthefirstplace,then,if等连接语,这些连接语能帮助我们把握文章内容的编排方式,领会文章的要点,准确全面地理解文章。
主题句也会出现在段尾。
作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。
例8：
Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.
本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。
例9：
Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlyattractyourattention:
"ColorTV,only$79.Two-daysale.Hurry."However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheadvertisedsetsaresoldout.Butthesalesmanisquicktoreassureyouthathehasanothermodel,amorereliablesetwhichis"justrightforyou."Itcosts$359.Thissalestacticiscalled"baitandswitch."Buyersarebaitedwithasalesoffer,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermorecostlyitem.Buyingitemsonsalerequirescarefulconsiderationofthemerchandise（商品）andthereasonsforthesale.
1.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea?
A）Thecustomermustbeonhisguardwhenpurchasingitemsonsale.
B）Colortelevisionsetswhichsellfor$79aresoldoutquickly.
C）Manystoresusethe"baitandswitch"techniquetoattractcustomers.
D）Anyoneplanningtobuyatelevisionsetshouldlookforasale.
2.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled
A）BuyerBeware B）CloseoutSale
C）CrimePays D）BuyingaTVSet
作者从一则电视机的广告入手,介绍了降价推销的惯用手段,称为"baitandswitch"（廉售某种不打算出卖的商品,意在诱人购买昂贵的物品）。
最后笔锋一转,点出作者的真正意图,即本段的主题句,告诫人们在购买降价商品时要警惕中圈套。
因此正确答案为1.A；2.A.
有些段落的主题句会被安排在段落的中间。
Foradultsacoldisnotthatserious.However,thisisnotthecaseforchildren.Coldsymptomsinchildrenmaybesighsofmoreseriousdiseasesandshouldbegivenpromptmedicalattention.
本段主题句为第二句,因为在however后面才是作者真正的看法,并在下文中进一步作了说明。
当主题句被安排在段中时,作者往往从具体的事例谈起,随之归纳出主题,然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论,使立论更加清楚,具有很强的说服力,即以“立”为主,对正面观点进行阐述。
例10：
Eversincehumanshaveinhabitedtheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsighlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,words,andideas.Tourists,thedeaf,andthemutehavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareverypicturesqueandexactandcanbeusedintertionally,spelling,however,cannot.
Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Awink（眨眼）canbeawayofflirting（调情）orindicatingthatthepartyisonlyjoking.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.
OtherformsofnonlinguisticlanguagecanbefoundinBraille（asystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertips）,signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesighsalsoguidewarn,andinstructpeople.
Whileverbalization（用语言表达）isthemostcommonformoflanguage,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeeling.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?
A）Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.
B）Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.
C）Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.
D）Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexistverbalizationisthefastest.
这篇文章共有四段,谈的是肢体语言。
第一段的前两句谈到人们尽管利用多种形式
根据不同的阅读目的,我们可以采取不同的方法。
一般来说阅读方法有3种：
skimming,scanning,readingforfullunderstanding。
第二段,第三段的首句从两个不同的方面引出了肢体语言的功能与分类。
最后一段予以总结,强调肢体语言在表达人类思想和感情方面的作用,与第一段的呼应。
正确答案应是A。
练习:
Readthefollowingpassageanddecidewhichofthechoicesmostadequatelysumsuptheideaoftheparagraph（s）indicated.
CanningFood
Foodwhichiskepttoolongdecaysbecauseitisattackedbyyeast,mouldsandbacteria.Thecanningprocess,however,sealstheproductinacontainersothatnoinfectioncanreachit,andthenitissterilizedbyheat.Heatsterilizationdestroysallinfectionspresentinfoodinsidethecan.Nochemicalpreservativesarenecessary,andproperlycannedfooddoesnotdeteriorateduringstorage.
Theprinciplewasdiscoveredin1809byaFrenchmancalledNicolasAppert.Hecorkedfoodlightlyinwide-neckedglassbottlesandimmersedtheminabathofhotwatertodriveouttheair,thenhehammeredthecorksdowntosealthejarshermetically（牢牢地）.Appert'sdiscoverywasrewardedbytheFrenchgovernmentbecausebetterpreservedfoodsupplieswereneededforNapoleon'stroopsondistantcampaigns.
By1814anEnglishmanufacturehadreplacedAppert'sglassjarswithmetalcontainersandwassupplyingtimedvegetablesoupandmeattotheBritishnavy.Thenextscientificimprovement,in1860,wastheresultofLouisPasteur'sworkonsterilizationthroughtheapplicationofscien
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